Agricultural Activities of the Malayali Tribal for Subsistence and Economic Needs in the Mid Elevation Forest of Pachamalai Hills, Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India

This paper is aimed to study the Agricultural activities of the Malayali Tribal for Subsistence and Economic needs in the mid elevation forest of Pachamalai Hills, Eastern Ghats, Tamil nadu. About 8 percent of the Indian population belongs to a category listed as Scheduled Tribes enumerated in the Schedule to Article 342 of the Constitution of India. Tribal people has been seen to be strongly associated with the forests, hills and remote areas, practicing a unique life style, having a unique set of cultural and religious beliefs. For millennia, tribal communities have lived in forests and survived on hunting and gathering. However, with growing population and resource pressure, it is now witnessing that a rise in livelihoods based on settled farming. In the study area, cereals are the major crop cultivated for their edible grains. The tribal people living in the hills tops of the study area were cultivated 11 major agricultural crops. They are, Eleusine coracana, Panicum miliare, Oryza sativa (verity I) (Mara Nellu), Oryza sativa (verity II), Manihot esculenta, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Vigna mungo, Sesamum orientale, Paspalum sp, Pennisetum americanum and Setaria italica. Among them, Paspalum sp gives the maximum yield with 655 kg acre-1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v2i1.13992 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 2 (1): 32-36, June, 201

Adaptive mesh refinement for a finite difference scheme using a quadtree decomposition approach

Some numerical simulations of multi-scale physical phenomena consume a significant amount of computational resources, since their domains are discretized on high resolution meshes. An enormous wastage of these resources occurs in refinement of sections of the domain where computation of the solution does not require high resolutions. This problem is effectively addressed by adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), a technique of local refinement of a mesh only in sections where needed, thus allowing concentration of effort where it is required. Sections of the domain needing high resolution are generally determined by means of a criterion which may vary depending on the nature of the problem. Fairly straightforward criteria could include comparing the solution to a threshold or the gradient of a solution, that is, its local rate of change to a threshold. While the former criterion is not particularly rigorous and hardly ever represents a physical phenomenon of interest, it is simple to implement. However, the gradient criterion is not as simple to implement as a direct comparison of values, but it is still quick and a good indicator of the effectiveness of the AMR technique. The objective of this thesis is to arrive at an adaptive mesh refinement algorithm for a finite difference scheme using a quadtree decomposition approach. In the AMR algorithm developed, a mesh of increasingly fine resolution permits high resolution computation in sub-domains of interest and low resolution in others. In this thesis work, the gradient of the solution has been considered as the criterion determining the regions of the domain needing refinement. Initial tests using the AMR algorithm demonstrate that the paradigm adopted has considerable promise for a variety of research problems. The tests performed thus far depict that the quantity of computational resources consumed is significantly less while maintaining the quality of the solution. Analysis included comparison of results obtained with analytical solutions for four test problems, as well as a thorough study of a contemporary problem in solid mechanics

Insights to Problems, Research Trend and Progress in Techniques of Sentiment Analysis

The research-based implementations towards Sentiment analyses are about a decade old and have introduced many significant algorithms, techniques, and framework towards enhancing its performance. The applicability of sentiment analysis towards business and the political survey is quite immense. However, we strongly feel that existing progress in research towards Sentiment Analysis is not at par with the demand of massively increasing dynamic data over the pervasive environment. The degree of problems associated with opinion mining over such forms of data has been less addressed, and still, it leaves the certain major scope of research. This paper will brief about existing research trends, some important research implementation in recent times, and exploring some major open issues about sentiment analysis. We believe that this manuscript will give a progress report with the snapshot of effectiveness borne by the research techniques towards sentiment analysis to further assist the upcoming researcher to identify and pave their research work in a perfect direction towards considering research gap

Extremes of scale mixtures of multivariate time series

Factor models have large potencial in the modeling of several natural and human phenomena. In this paper we consider a multivariate time series \mb{Y}_n, n≥1, rescaled through random factors \mb{T}_n, n≥1, extending some scale mixture models in the literature. We analyze its extremal behavior by deriving the maximum domain of attraction and the multivariate extremal index, which leads to new ways to construct multivariate extreme value distributions. The computation of the multivariate extremal index and the characterization of the tail dependence show the interesting property of these models that however much it is the dependence within and between factors \mb{T}_n, n≥1, the extremal index of the model is unit whenever \mb{Y}_n, n≥1, presents cross-sectional and sequencial tail independence. We illustrate with examples of thinned multivariate time series and multivariate autoregressive processes with random coefficients. An application of these latter to financial data is presented at the end.Helena Ferreira was partially supported by the research unit ``Centro de Matemática" of the University of Beira Interior and the research project PEst-OE/MAT/UI0212/2014 through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) co-financed by FEDER/COMPETE. Marta Ferreira was financed by FEDER Funds through "Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade - COMPETE" and by Portuguese Funds through FCT - ``Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia", within the project PEst-OE/MAT/UI0013/2014

Provisioning Quality Controlled Medium Access in UltraWideBand (UWB) WPANs

Quality of service (QoS) provisioning is one of the most important criteria in newly emerging UWB-operated WPANs, as they are expected to support a wide variety of applications from time-constrained, multimedia streaming to throughput-hungry, content transfer applications. As such, the Enhanced Distributed Coordinated Access (EDCA) mechanism has been adopted by MultiBand OFDM Alliance in its UWB MAC proposal. In this paper, we conduct a rigorous, comprehensive, theoretical analysis and have shown that with the currently recommended parameter setting, EDCA cannot provide adequate QoS. In particular, without responding to the system dynamics (e.g., taking into account of the number of active class-i stations), EDCA cannot allocate bandwidth in a deterministic proportional manner and the system bandwidth is under-utilized. After identifying the deficiency of EDCA, we propose, in compliance with the EDCA-incorporated UWB MAC protocol proposed in [18] [22] [23], a framework, along with a set of theoretically grounded methods for controlling medium access with deterministic QoS for UWB networks. We show that in this framework, 1) real-time traffic is guaranteed of deterministic bandwidth via a contention-based reservation access method; 2) best-effort traffic is provided with deterministic proportional QoS; and moreover, 3) the bandwidth utilization is maximized. We have also validated and evaluated the QoS provisioning capability and practicality of the proposed MAC framework both via simulation and empirically by leveraging the MADWifi (Multiband Atheros Driver for WiFi) Linux driver for Wireless LAN devices with the Atheros chipset)

Agricultural Activities of the Malayali Tribal for Subsistence and Economic Needs in the Mid Elevation Forest of Pachamalai Hills, Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India

This paper is aimed to study the Agricultural activities of the Malayali Tribal for Subsistence and Economic needs in the mid elevation forest of Pachamalai Hills, Eastern Ghats, Tamil nadu. About 8 percent of the Indian population belongs to a category listed as Scheduled Tribes enumerated in the Schedule to Article 342 of the Constitution of India. Tribal people has been seen to be strongly associated with the forests, hills and remote areas, practicing a unique life style, having a unique set of cultural and religious beliefs. For millennia, tribal communities have lived in forests and survived on hunting and gathering. However, with growing population and resource pressure, it is now witnessing that a rise in livelihoods based on settled farming. In the study area, cereals are the major crop cultivated for their edible grains. The tribal people living in the hills tops of the study area were cultivated 11 major agricultural crops. They are, Eleusine coracana, Panicum miliare, Oryza sativa (verity I) (Mara Nellu), Oryza sativa (verity II), Manihot esculenta, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Vigna mungo, Sesamum orientale, Paspalum sp, Pennisetum americanum and Setaria italica. Among them, Paspalum sp gives the maximum yield with 655 kg acre-1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v2i1.13992 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 2 (1): 32-36, June, 201

AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF THE MALAYALI TRIBAL FOR SUBSISTENCE AND ECONOMIC NEEDS IN THE MID ELEVATION FOREST OF PACHAMALAI HILLS, EASTERN GHATS, TAMIL NADU

This paper is aimed to study the Agricultural activities of the Malayali Tribal for Subsistence and Economic needs in the mid elevation forest of Pachamalai Hills, Eastern Ghats, Tamil nadu. About 8 percent of the Indian population belongs to a category listed as “Scheduled Tribes” enumerated in the Schedule to Article 342 of the Constitution of India. Tribal people has been seen to be strongly associated with the forests, hills and remote areas, practicing a unique life style, having a unique set of cultural and religious beliefs. For millennia, tribal communities have lived in forests and survived on hunting and gathering. However, with growing population and resource pressure, it is now witnessing that a rise in livelihoods based on settled farming. In the study area, cereals are the major crop cultivated for their edible grains. The tribal people living in the hills tops of the study area were cultivated 11 major agricultural crops. They are, Eleusine coracana, Panicum miliare, Oryza sativa (verity I) (Mara Nellu), Oryza sativa (verity II), Manihot esculenta, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Vigna mungo, Sesamum orientale, Paspalum sp, Pennisetum americanum and Setaria italica. Among them, Paspalum sp gives the maximum yield with 655 kg acre-