Comparison of the ^<40>Ca (e, e\u27p) Cross Section at Low Momentum Transfer Region with Relativistic Calculations(I. Nuclear Physics)

Both theoretical calculations using the spectroscopic factor obtained in the parallel and constant (ω, q) kinematics. overestimate the experimental cross section, about factors 2 or 1.4, respectively. The (e, e\u27p) experiment at the low momentum transfer in ^C, ^O and ^Ca show some important contributions is missing in the theoretical approach. The authors would like to thank C. Giusti and A. Meucci for their relativistic calculations. They also thank the accelerator group, the computer group and Mr. Matsuda for their assistance to the experiment. This work has been supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) (No.14540239, No.17540229) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)

YUCCA9-Mediated Auxin Biosynthesis and Polar Auxin Transport Synergistically Regulate Regeneration of Root Systems Following Root Cutting

Recovery of the root system following physical damage is an essential issue for plant survival. An injured root system is able to regenerate by increases in lateral root (LR) number and acceleration of root growth. The horticultural technique of root pruning (root cutting) is an application of this response and is a common garden technique for controlling plant growth. Although root pruning is widely used, the molecular mechanisms underlying the subsequent changes in the root system are poorly understood. In this study, root pruning was employed as a model system to study the molecular mechanisms of root system regeneration. Notably, LR defects in wild-type plants treated with inhibitors of polar auxin transport (PAT) or in the auxin signaling mutant auxin/indole-3-acetic acid19/massugu2 were recovered by root pruning. Induction of IAA19 following root pruning indicates an enhancement of auxin signaling by root pruning. Endogenous levels of IAA increased after root pruning, and YUCCA9 was identified as the primary gene responsible. PAT-related genes were induced after root pruning, and the YUCCA inhibitor yucasin suppressed root regeneration in PAT-related mutants. Therefore, we demonstrate the crucial role of YUCCA9, along with other redundant YUCCA family genes, in the enhancement of auxin biosynthesis following root pruning. This further enhances auxin transport and activates downstream auxin signaling genes, and thus increases LR number