Characterization of a new Leishmania major strain for use in a controlled human infection model

Controlled human infection models (CHIMs) provide a pathway for accelerating vaccine development. Here, the authors describe the isolation, characterization, and GMP manufacture of a clinical Leishmania major strain to be used as a resource for CHIM studies of sand fly transmitted cutaneous leishmaniasis

Correlation between clinical performance and degree of conversion of resin cements: a literature review

AbstractResin-based cements have been frequently employed in clinical practice to lute indirect restorations. However, there are numerous factors that may compromise the clinical performance of those cements. The aim of this literature review is to present and discuss some of the clinical factors that may affect the performance of current resin-based luting systems. Resin cements may have three different curing mechanisms: chemical curing, photo curing or a combination of both. Chemically cured systems are recommended to be used under opaque or thick restorations, due to the reduced access of the light. Photo-cured cements are mainly indicated for translucent veneers, due to the possibility of light transmission through the restoration. Dual-cured are more versatile systems and, theoretically, can be used in either situation, since the presence of both curing mechanisms might guarantee a high degree of conversion (DC) under every condition. However, it has been demonstrated that clinical procedures and characteristics of the materials may have many different implications in the DC of currently available resin cements, affecting their mechanical properties, bond strength to the substrate and the esthetic results of the restoration. Factors such as curing mechanism, choice of adhesive system, indirect restorative material and light-curing device may affect the degree of conversion of the cement and, therefore, have an effect on the clinical performance of resin-based cements. Specific measures are to be taken to ensure a higher DC of the luting system to be used

Effect of resin luting cement polymerisation mode and high powered polymerisation unit type on shear bond strength of leucite reinforced full ceramic system to dentine

WOS: 000290848000004This in vitro study evaluated the effects of light polymerised (LP) and dual polymerised (DP) modes of a resin luting cement polymerised with different high powered polymerisation units on the shear bond strength of a leucite reinforced full ceramic system to dentine. Ceramic specimens (n=15) were bonded to dentine surfaces with a resin luting cement (Variolink II) in either LP or DP mode and polymerised according to one of four polymerisation profiles as follows: control group: 600 mW cm(-2) conventional halogen light, 40 s; light emitting diode polymerisation unit group: 1500 mW cm(-2) light emitting diode, 10 s; plasma arc curing (PAC) polymerisation unit 10 s group: 1370 mW cm(-2) PAC, 10 s; and PAC 3 s group: 1370 mW cm(-2) PAC, 3 s. Bond strength (MPa) data were analysed using two-way analysis of variance and Duncan's test (alpha=0.05). Polymerisation mode (p<0.01), type of light unit (p<0.01) and the interactions between the two were statistically significant (p<0.05). No significant differences were found between LP and DP modes except for the PAC 3 s group, in which the LP mode resulted in significantly lower shear bond strength values (10.43 +/- 1.02 MPa) compared with the DP mode (12.88 +/- 1.73 MPa).Ivoclar Vivadent Turkey; Demak Dis Malzemeleri Paz. Ve Dis, Tic. Ltd Sti.; Merkez Dis Malz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd Sti.The authors would like to thank Ivoclar Vivadent Turkey, Demak Dis Malzemeleri Paz. Ve Dis, Tic. Ltd Sti. and Merkez Dis Malz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd Sti. for their support in supplying the materials used in this study

The effect of temperature change on fluoride uptake from a mouthrinse by enamel specimens

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of temperature on fluoride uptake by enamel specimens from a 0.05% NaF-fluoridated mouthrinse (Oral-B Advantage; Oral-B Laboratories, Newbridge, UK). Methods: Enamel specimens were prepared from extracted human maxillary central incisors. A fluoride-specific ion electrode was used to measure the uptake from a 2 ppm fluoride solution containing 50.0 mL of distilled water, total ion strength adjustment buffer, and fluoridated rinse at 3 different temperatures (room temperature, 25°C; human body temperature, 37°C; hyper-fever temperature, 43°C). One-way analysis of variance and least significant difference were used to assess intragroup and intergroup differences (P<.05). Results: The study found that both the amount and the rate of fluoride uptake increased significantly with increase in temperature. This effect was particularly noticeable at 43°C. Conclusions: The temperature of the NaF mouthrinse may easily and safely be increased beyond room temperature by placing a conta ner of the NaF mouthrinse in a bowl of hot water, allowing greater fluoride penetration into the enamel from the mouthrinse when used at home as a routine prophylactic agent

Prevalence of breath malodour in 7-11 year old children living in Middle Anatolia, Turkey

WOS: 000259377900010PubMed: 18839725Objective: To determine the prevalence of breath malodour and to assess the relationships between breath malodour parameters such as dental caries, habitual mouth breathing, tooth-brushing, and the frequency of upper respiratory-tract infection. Methods: A total of 628 healthy children (327 boys, 301 girls) ranging in age from 7 to 11 who were living in Kirikkale, Middle Anatolia, Turkey were included. Subjects who were taking antibiotics, having any Suspicion of upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis or tonsillitis at the time of survey were excluded from the study. Oral malodour assessment was carried out by organoleptic method. The DMFT/S was used to record caries. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the association of each clinical variable to organoleptic oral malodour rating. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to detect the degree of association between oral malodour and various dental-habitual parameters. Results: The prevalence of halitosis was 14.5%. Organoleptic oral malodour ratings were significantly higher in older age groups. Gender, frequency of tooth brushing, habitual mouth breathing did not influence oral malodour ratings. D(T), DMF(T), d(s) played the most significant role in higher oral malodour ratings, followed by d(t) and df(s). The frequency of tooth brushing, habitual month breathing did not contribute to the prevalence of halitosis:. Conclusion: Age, prevalence and severity of dental caries were significantly related to breath malodour

Surgically induced corneal refractive change following glaucoma surgery: Nonpenetrating trabecular surgeries versus trabeculectomy

WOS: 000223295800018PubMed ID: 15177597Purpose: To compare surgically induced corneal refractive change following trabeculectomy with the nonpenetrating trabecular filtering surgeries with and without implant. Setting. Department of Ophthalmology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey. Methods: A consecutive series of 34 patients (34 eyes) with uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma had trabecular filtering surgery. Patients were assigned randomly to receive viscocanalostomy (12 patients), nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) with T-flux(R) implant (10 patients), and trabeculectomy (12 patients). Autokeratometry and computerized corneal videokeratoscopy with the Topcon KR-7000P autokeratorefractometer were performed preoperatively and 1 day and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively to analyze surgically induced keratometric and topographic astigmatism. Results: Thirty patients (11 trabeculectomy, 11 viscocanalostomy, and 8 NPDS with nonabsorbable implant) completed the study. Mean patient age was 61.7 years +/- 10.9 (SD) (range 37 to 81) and did not differ among groups. Postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) levels and visual acuity (logMAR values) did not differ among groups compared with preoperative levels. Average induced astigmatism was lower in the NPDS group than the trabeculectomy group at postoperative month 3 and 6 based on autokeratometry values (P = .023 and .042, respectively). Nonpenetrating surgeries resulted in less induced astigmatism in the early postoperative period and less against-the-rule shift over 6 months. Conclusion: Despite larger flap size and surgical area, nonpenetrating trabecular surgeries induced less astigmatism than trabeculectomy

Anemia and thrombocytopenia due to parvovirus B-19 infection in a pregnant woman

Anemia and thrombocytopenia in a patient with parvovirus B-19 and hepatitis C infection is reported. A seven month-pregnant 20 year-old patient had been first found to be anemic and thrombocytopenic 40 days before admission to our hospital and she had been given methylprednisolone and red cell transfusions. She gave birth to a healthy baby after only eight months of pregnancy. Ten days after delivery she was admitted to our hospital because of anemia and thrombocytopenia which did not respond to treatment. On admission, the blood count showed hemoglobin 8.1 g/dL, hematocrit 23.7%, white blood cells 11200/mu L, platelets 1000/mu L, and reticulocytes 0.6%. Bone marrow smear and biopsy revealed erytroblastopenia and the absence of megakaryocytes. Liver enzymes were also high (alanine aminotransferase 1469 Units/L and aspartate aminotransferase 981 Units/L). In serologic studies PVB-19 IgM was found to be positive and hepatitis C virus RNA was detected. Red cell and platelet values returned to normal levels after cessation of methylprednisolone and concomitantly PVB-19 IgG was found positive in association with IgM in repeated determinations. PVB-19 was thought to be responsible for both anemia and thrombocytopenia

Effects of main transformer replacement on the performance of an electric arc furnace system

In this paper, the effects of transformer replacement on the electric are furnace power system of an iron and steel plant have been investigated. The new operating strategy has been determined according to stable are and maximum productivity requirements. Based on these new operating conditions, the sufficiency of the existing flicker compensation system in terms of the load balancing, power-factor correction, and flicker have been examined. All investigations made in this work are supported by real-time measurements