Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores associated with Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz

This study aimed to investigate the diversity and types of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with the wild service tree, Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz in spring and autumn followed by identifying similarities among the different study sites. Three different sites were selected including Kheiroud, Lalis, and Tarkin, in the Hyrcanian forests, north of Iran. Five rhizosphere soil samples were collected from each site, and the spores were extracted. Based on their morphological features, five species of AMF belonging to two families, i.e., Claroideoglomeraceae (two species) and Glomeraceae (three species) were identified. The species richness of the studied sites was identical with only the Kheiroud site presenting an additional species. Glomus badium was the most common AMF species in Kheiroud and Lalis in spring and autumn. However, the most common species in Tarkin was Septoglomus constrictum. The Shannon–Wiener indices of diversity and evenness and Simpson’s index of dominance (Ds) showed no significant differences among the studied sites in the two seasons. In sum, it is recommended that the colonized wild service tree seedlings be produced with the more relevant species identified in this study than with commercial sources

Cerium neodymium oxide solid solution synthesis as a potential analogue for substoichiometric AmO 2 for radioisotope power systems

The European Space Agency (ESA) is sponsoring a research programme on the development of americium oxides for radioisotope generators and heater units. Cubic AmO2-(x/2) with an O/Am ratio between 1.65 and 1.75 is a potentially suitable compound for pellet sintering. C-type (Ia-3) Ce1-xNdxO2-(x/2) oxides with 0.5 &lt; x &lt; 0.7 could be used as a surrogate for some Ia-3 AmO2-(x/2). A new Ce1-xNdxO2-(x/2) production process has been investigated where a nominally selected x value of 0.6 was targeted: Ce and Nd nitrates and oxalic acid were added drop-wise into a vessel, where they continuously reacted to create oxalate precipitates. The effect of temperature (25 °C, 60 °C) of the reactants (mixed at 250 revolutions per minute) on oxalate particle shape and size were investigated. Oxalates were calcined at 900 °C to produce oxide particles. Oxalate particle properties were characterised as these are expected to influence oxides particle properties and fuel pellet sintering.</p

A CNFET-based hybrid multi-threshold 1-bit full adder design for energy efficient low power applications

In this article, a low-power and energy-efficient hybrid full adder circuit is proposed, which is implemented based on multi-threshold NAND and NOR gates and transmission gate multiplexers. In order to implement this circuit, carbon nano tube field effect transistors are utilised. For evaluating the proposed design, comprehensive simulations are performed with regard to the most important aspects power, delay and power-delay product. The results are presented and displayed the superiority of the proposed cell in different voltage levels, load conditions, temperatures and robustness against process variations. © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

A CNFET-based hybrid multi-threshold 1-bit full adder design for energy efficient low power applications

In this article, a low-power and energy-efficient hybrid full adder circuit is proposed, which is implemented based on multi-threshold NAND and NOR gates and transmission gate multiplexers. In order to implement this circuit, carbon nano tube field effect transistors are utilised. For evaluating the proposed design, comprehensive simulations are performed with regard to the most important aspects power, delay and power-delay product. The results are presented and displayed the superiority of the proposed cell in different voltage levels, load conditions, temperatures and robustness against process variations. © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Grou

A low-power high-speed hybrid multi-threshold full adder design in CNFET technology

In this paper, a low-power high-speed hybrid full adder cell is proposed, which is implemented based on two-input multi-threshold (Formula presented.) XNOR circuit and transmission gate multiplexers. In order to implement this circuit, carbon nanotube field-effect transistors are utilized. For evaluating the proposed design, comprehensive simulations are performed with regard to the most important aspects of digital circuits: power, delay and power�delay product. The results are presented and confirm the superiority of the proposed cell with the previously reported one in different voltage levels, load conditions, temperatures and robustness in large structures and against process variations. © 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Natur