Interactions of Colorectal Cancer, Dietary Fats, and Polymorphisms of Arachidonate Lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase Genes: A Literature Review

ObjectiveGenetics and dietary factors play important roles in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying mechanisms of the interactions between CRC, gene polymorphisms, and dietary fat are unclear. This review study investigated the effects of polymorphisms of arachidonate lipoxygenase (ALOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) genes in the association between CRC and dietary fat.MethodsAll the related papers published from 2000 to 2022 were collected from different databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochran using related keywords such as colorectal cancer, ALOX, COX, polymorphism, and dietary fat. Non-English and unrelated documents were excluded.ResultsSome single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ALOX and COX genes, such as rs2228065, rs6413416, and rs4986832 in the ALOX gene, and rs689465 in the COX gene may play significant roles in the association between the risk of CRC and dietary fats. SNPs of ALOX and COX genes may influence the effects of dietary fatty acids on the risk of CRC.ConclusionSome polymorphisms of the ALOX and COX genes may have important roles in the effects of dietary fat on the risk of CRC. If future studies confirm these results, dietary recommendations for preventing colorectal cancer may be personalized based on the genotype of the ALOX and COX genes

Intrinsic kinetics for fixed bed bioreactor in hospital wastewater treatment

Variation in hospital wastewater (HWW) pollutants and differences with municipal wastewater (MWW), make the use of biokinetic coefficients obtained from activated sludge in the MWW treatment unprofitable for designing, modeling and evaluation of biological processes for HWW treatment. Since this study was conducted to evaluate the performance and biokinetic coefficients of a fixed bed bioreactor (FBBR) using rice husks as fixed media in HWW treatment, a new modified method was also proposed for biokinetic estimation in FBBR processes. For these purposes, five hydraulic retention times along with five sludge retention times were introduced to a pilot setup and the required data were attained. The performance process for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was significant (87.8-97.5) in different conditions. The values of biokinetic coefficients k, Ks, Y and Kd were obtained as 2.42 (day-1), 55.5 (mgCOD/L), 0.2929 (mgBiomass/mgCOD) and 0.0164 (day-1), respectively. The rice husks with high surface area and high affinity for biomass accumulation on its surface are promising media for a green and environmentally friendly FBBR process. The kinetics parameters values are utilizable for modeling of FBBR using rice husks as fixed media in HWW treatment. © 2016 IWA Publishing

Phytoremediation of heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Pb) by Azolla filiculoides from aqueous solution: A dataset

In this article, the data of heavy metals phytoremediation efficiency were provided. The Azolla was collected from the lake around the Rasht city and washed in tap water, then weighed (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g), and kept for 15 days in the 100 ml disposable container in the presence 5, 10 and 25 mg/L of lead, nickel and cadmium ions. The samples were stored in polyethylene containers for analysis of the metal concentration with ICP-OES. According to the results, removal efficiency was increased from 40% to 70% at 10 days along with the increasing of the biomass from 2.0 to 8.0 g. The removal efficiency of Ni (II), Cd (II), and Pb (II) were increased by increasing the contact time up to 10 days. The removal efficiency decreased by increasing of the metals concentration from 5 to 25 mg/L. The highest removal efficiency was observed at heavy metals concentrations of 5 mg/L and contact time of 10 days. Results showed that Azolla had a high potential for the removal of heavy metals from water resources and it can be used in phytoremediation of heavy metals in environmental refinement projects. Keywords: Phytoremediation, Azolla filiculoides, Aqueous solution, Heavy metal

Photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium with illuminated ZnO/TiO<inf>2</inf> composite

The purpose of this work was to investigate the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) with illuminated ZnO/TiO2 composite at various catalyst dosage, pH, Cr(VI) concentration, purging gas, type of organic compounds. FT-IR and XRD analysis demonstrated hybridization of ZnO nanoparticles and TiO2 particles. The photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) was increased with increasing photocatalyst dosage and decreasing pH. The reaction rate constant (kobs) was decreased from 0.0879 to 0.0048min-1 with increasing Cr(VI) concentration from 20 to 100mg/L. Removal efficiency of Cr(VI) by UV/ZnO/TiO2 process was about 99.99, which was more effective than that by UV/ZnO (82.33) and UV/TiO2 process (86.07). © 2014 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry

Photocatalytic degradation of diazinon with illuminated ZnO-TiO<inf>2</inf> composite

ZnO-TiO2 composite was used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of diazinon. Effects of various parameters such as composite dosage, pH, initial diazinon concentration, dissolved oxygen concentration, hydrogen peroxide concentration and type of organic compounds on the removal efficiency of diazinon were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used for characterization of the prepared composite. Immobilization of zinc oxide nanoparticles onto TiO2 was identified by EDX, XRD and FT-IR analysis. Photocatalytic degradation efficiency of diazinon was increased as the composite dosage increased up to 0.5g/L. Neutral pH was selected as an optimal condition due to a photo-corrosion of ZnO in acidic and basic conditions. Photocatalytic degradation efficiency of diazinon was decreased with increasing initial diazinon concentration. Pseudo-first order rate constant (kobs) was decreased from 0.1234 to 0.001min-1 and electrical energy per order (EEO) was increased from 38.9 to 4800kWh/m3 with increasing diazinon concentration from 5 to 50mg/L, respectively. Photocatalytic degradation efficiency of diazinon was increased with oxygen purging and addition of hydrogen peroxide while it was decreased in the presence of organic compounds. Photocatalytic activity was maintained even after five successive cycles. © 2015 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers

Data on corrosive water in the sources and distribution network of drinking water in north of Iran

This study aimed to determine the parameters of scaling and corrosion potential of drinking water in sources and distribution networks of water supply in two cities of north of Iran. The results of Amlash water sampels analysis in winter revealed that the average values of Langelier, Ryznar, Aggressive, Pockorius, and Larson- skold indices was −1.31, 9.73, 11.5, 9.74 and 0.24, respectively, but, in summer they were −1.51, 10.71, 11.36, 10.72 and 0.25, respectively. For Rudsar, the results of water sampels analysis in winter illustrated that the average values of Langelier, Ryznar, Aggressive, Pockorius, and Larson was −1.12, 9.69, 11.33, 9.19 and 0.16, respectively, while, in summer they were −1.05, 10.04, 11.92, 10.18 and 0.19, respectively. The beneficial of this data is showing the clear image of drinking water quality and can be useful for preventing the economical and safety problems relating to corrosion and scaling of drinking water. Keywords: Drinking water, Corrosive water, Scaling potential, Amlash, Rudsa