The impact of immediate breast reconstruction on the time to delivery of adjuvant therapy: the iBRA-2 study

Background: Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is routinely offered to improve quality-of-life for women requiring mastectomy, but there are concerns that more complex surgery may delay adjuvant oncological treatments and compromise long-term outcomes. High-quality evidence is lacking. The iBRA-2 study aimed to investigate the impact of IBR on time to adjuvant therapy. Methods: Consecutive women undergoing mastectomy ± IBR for breast cancer July–December, 2016 were included. Patient demographics, operative, oncological and complication data were collected. Time from last definitive cancer surgery to first adjuvant treatment for patients undergoing mastectomy ± IBR were compared and risk factors associated with delays explored. Results: A total of 2540 patients were recruited from 76 centres; 1008 (39.7%) underwent IBR (implant-only [n = 675, 26.6%]; pedicled flaps [n = 105,4.1%] and free-flaps [n = 228, 8.9%]). Complications requiring re-admission or re-operation were significantly more common in patients undergoing IBR than those receiving mastectomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy was required by 1235 (48.6%) patients. No clinically significant differences were seen in time to adjuvant therapy between patient groups but major complications irrespective of surgery received were significantly associated with treatment delays. Conclusions: IBR does not result in clinically significant delays to adjuvant therapy, but post-operative complications are associated with treatment delays. Strategies to minimise complications, including careful patient selection, are required to improve outcomes for patients

Hepatoprotective Role of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) in Meat Type Chicken Fed Aflatoxin B1 Contaminated Feed

Milk thistle was added in aflatoxin B1 contaminated poultry feed to investigate and compare its hepatoprotective effects with a commercial toxin binder. Two hundred and forty, day-old broilers were randomly allocated into four major groups A, B, C and D. Group A was kept as control, having aflatoxin free feed, while group B was fed aflatoxin contaminated feed, group C was raised on aflatoxin contaminated feed with toxin binder “Mycoad” @ 3g/kg of feed, while group D was provided aflatoxin contaminated feed along with milk thistle @10g/kg of feed. Aflatoxin B1 was present at the level of 80 µg/kg feed during the first week and 520 µg/kg feed in the remaining experimental period. Serum total protein was significantly (P<0.05) higher in group D, followed by group A, C and B. Serum enzymes including, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values were significantly (P<0.05) lower in group D, followed by C, A and B, which are indicative of hepatoprotective role of milk thistle. Body weight gain and feed intake was decreased by aflatoxin contaminated feed (group B) in comparison with group A and group D. Milk thistle supplementation improved body weight gain and feed intake and was similar to toxin binder treated birds. Average feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (P<0.05) higher (poor) in group B and were the same in all other groups. Present study demonstrated that milk thistle can potentially be used as mycotoxin binder and to minimize the adverse effects of toxin contaminated feed in broilers production

Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and organic selenium on growth dynamics, blood melanodialdehyde and paraoxonase in broilers exposed to heat stress

A total of 480 1-week-old chicks of about similar average weight, and size were divided into 6 groups. One group served as control, and was fed only basal diet, second group was fed ginger at the rate of 5 g/kg (T1), third group was given organic selenium (Se) at the rate of, 0.3 mg/kg diet (T2), fourth group was given organic Se at the rate of 0.4 mg/kg (T3), fifth group was fed with organic Se at the rate of 0.3 mg/kg + 5 g/kg ginger (T4), sixth group was given organic Se at the rate of 0.4 mg/kg + 5 g/kg ginger (T5). Mean feed intake was significantly (P < 0.05) high in T3 and T5 while body weight was significantly (P < 0.05) high in T3 compared to the control. Mean feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (P < 0.05) high in T2, T3 and T5 compared to the control. Dressing percentage was significantly (P < 0.05) high in T4 and T5 compared to the control. Serum Antibody titre against Newcastle disease and paraoxonase (PON1) were significantly (P < 0.05) high in the T4 and T5 groups compared to the control while melanodialdehyde (MDA) concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) low in the same groups. Results of this study showed that ginger at the rate of 5 g/kg and Se at the rate of 0.4 mg/kg were more effective in improving the growth performance, immune response and antioxidant status in broiler chickens exposed to high ambient temperature

Effects of dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera methanolic extract on productive performance, humoral immunity and nutrient digestibility in Japanese quails

ABSTRACTA total of 180 unsexed, 1-day-old quail chicks were divided into four treatments (three replicates). The treatment groups were designated as MOLE-0, MOLE-1, MOLE-2 and MOLE-3. In the MOLE-0 group, quails received a basal diet without supplementation. For MOLE-1, quails were provided with 100 mg/L of MOLE in their water, while MOLE-2 received 200 mg/L of water with MOLE supplementation. The fourth treatment, MOLE-3, received a concentration of 300 mg/L of MOLE in their drinking water. The findings revealed that MOLE-3 exhibited significantly higher weight gain and dressing percentage, along with a lower feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05), while the control group (MOLE-0) exhibited the least growth performance. MOLE-3 showed statistically higher antibody titres and immune organ weights, followed by MOLE-2 and MOLE-1. Conversely, the control group (MOLE-0) had a lower antibody titre against ND. Additionally, nutrient digestibility analysis indicated that MOLE-3 had higher digestibility of dry matter and crude protein (P < 0.05), while group MOLE-0 exhibited lower digestibility (P < 0.05). We concluded that supplementing Moringa oleifera leaf extract at a rate of 300 mg/L resulted in improved growth performance, immunity and nutrient digestibility in Japanese quails

Mitigating heat stress in broilers by dietary dried tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) pulp: Effect on growth and blood traits, oxidative status and immune response

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect different levels of dried pulp of tamarind (DTSP) on growth, lipid profile, oxidative status and immune response in broilers exposed to cyclic heat stress (HS). A total of 720 one-d-old male broiler chickens (Hubbard) were randomly allocated to 6 treatments (5 replicates) consisted of thermoneutral (TN) and HS. In this experiment, 4 groups of broilers under HS condition were fed four levels of dried tamarind seeds pulp (DTSP) powder at the rate of 0 (DTSP), 5 (DTSP-5), 7.5 (DTSP-7.5), 10 (DTSP-10) and 12.5 (DTSP-12.5) g/kg of feed for 35 d of age. Body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased (p &lt; 0.05) in the TN and DTSP fed broilers. Blood concentration of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) was higher (p &lt; 0.05) in TN and DTSP-10 and DTSP-12.5. However, antibody titer against Newcastle disease (ND) was higher (p &lt; 0.05) in TN, DTSP-7.5, DTSP-10 and DTSP-12.5. Blood cholesterol and triglyceride were lower (p &lt; 0.05) in TN, DTSP-7.5, DTSP-10 and DTSP-12.5. However, blood HDL was higher (p &lt; 0.05) in DTSP-10 and DTSP-12.5. Blood LDL was significantly lower in DTSP-7.5, DTSP-10 and DTSP-12.5. Significantly higher total leucocytes count (TLC) was found in TN and DTSP-12.5; however, heterophils were significantly lower in the same group. In contrast, lymphocytes increased (p &lt; 0.05) in TN, DTSP-7.5, DTSP-10 and DTSP-12.5, while monocytes was significantly decreased in the same group. In conclusion, DTSP improved growth, cholesterol profile, PON1 and leucocytes count and immune response against ND in broilers exposed to heat stress

Effects of zinc supplementation from organic and inorganic sources on growth, blood biochemical indices, and intestinal microarchitecture in broilers

AbstractIn poultry nutrition, zinc supplementation is typically achieved through the addition of zinc oxide or zinc sulfate to the feed. The alternative approach of organic sources utilizes an organic ligand to bind zinc (Zn), resulting in higher bioavailability. Thus, a study was conducted to assess and compare the impact of a methionine-complexed Zn versus an inorganic Zn on growth, blood biochemical profile, gut histomorphology, and fecal excretion of Zn in broilers. The experimental design included two treatments: the addition of a zinc amino acid complex or zinc oxide to the basal diet. The zinc amino acid complex was supplemented at a dose equivalent to the inorganic zinc (Zn-80), while the organic zinc was provided at levels of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg to a total of 400 broilers. There were five treatments in total, and each treatment was replicated four times. Broilers supplemented with an organic form of Zn at the level of 80 mg/kg had significantly (p < 0.05) higher body weight gain and lower feed conversion ratio (F/G). Significantly (p < 0.05) higher Zn excretion was recorded in broilers supplemented with inorganic Zn supplementation. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher villus length and width, their ratio, and lower (p < 0.05) crypt depth were observed in birds supplemented with 80 mg/kg organic Zn. From the results of the present study, it was concluded that Zn from an organic source at the rate of 80 mg/kg was superior in terms of growth performance, intestinal histomorphology and less excretion of Zn to the environment in broilers

Effect of Water Based Infusion of Aloe barbedensis, Pimpinella anisum, Berberis lycium, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Allium sativum on The Performance of Broiler Chicks

Present study explored the potentials of medicinal plants (Aloe barbedensis, Pimpinella anisum, Berberis lycium, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Allium sativum) mixture in broiler chicks at a ratio of 1:3:1:2:1, respectively. For this purpose 240 chicks were randomly assigned into four major groups, namely; A, B, C and D. Each group was further divided into two subgroups with three replicates of 10 chicks each. One of the subgroups was vaccinated against Newcastle disease (ND), Infectious bronchitis (IB) and Infectious bursal disease (IBD) according to locally adopted vaccination schedule keeping the other subgroup as non vaccinated control. Experimental birds in groups A, B, and C were provided with mentioned infusion @ 20, 10 and 5ml per liter of drinking water while group D was maintained as control. Relevant data were recorded throughout the experiment and or at the termination of the experiment and subjected to statistical analysis. Significantly low mean feed intake (3258.3g) and better FCR (1.87) was recorded in group A. Other parameters like weight gain (1739.7g), antibody titer against ND (7.1), IBD (3300.5) and high density lipoprotein (71.6 g/dl) were significantly increased in chicks from group A. Similarly, blood cholesterol (145.6 g/dl), triglyceride (145.8 g/dl) and low density lipoprotein (57.5 g/dl) were significantly reduced in group A. Overall vaccinated group had higher (P<0.05) antibody titer 7.2, 1796.2, 3202.8 against ND, IB and IBD, respectively compared to non-vaccinated group and had no influence on lipid profile. It was concluded that the infusion from the above plants in mentioned composition may not only be effectively used for improved broiler performance and better immunity but also to reduce the cholesterol level

Dietary Grape (Vitis vinifera) Seed Powder and Zn–Gly Chelate Complex for Mitigating Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens: Growth Parameters, Malondialdehyde, Paraoxonase-1, and Antibody Titer

A total of 300 day old broiler chicks (Hubbard) were assigned to 30 floor pens (10 birds per pen) under cyclic heat stress. Three diets including a control, as well as two levels of grape seed powder (GSP) and zinc (OZ) at the rates of 2.5 g/kg GSP + 50 mg/kg OZ and 5 g/kg GSP + 50 mg/kg OZ, were supplied to the broilers for 35 days. According to the results, broiler feed intake improved (p &lt; 0.05) in GSP + OZ groups from 3–5 weeks and on an overall basis compared to the control diet. Body weight increased (p &lt; 0.05) in GSP-5 + OZ-50 during weeks 2–5 and on an overall basis. The findings indicated that feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased (p &lt; 0.05) during week 5 in broilers supplemented with GSP-5 + OZ-50. The antibody titer (HI) against Newcastle disease (ND) was higher (p &lt; 0.05) in GSP + OZ groups compared to control treatment. The value of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased (p &lt; 0.05) under GSP + OZ diets compared to control. Moreover, paraoxonase (PON1) was higher (p &lt; 0.05) in GSP + OZ groups compared to untreated broilers. In conclusion, GSP + OZ positively supported growth traits, reduced MDA, and augmented PON1 and HI titer against ND in broilers exposed to heat stress