Energy efficient data transmission using multiobjective improved remora optimization algorithm for wireless sensor network with mobile sink

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of nodes fitted with small sensors and transceiver elements. Energy consumption, data loss, and transmission delays are the major drawback of creating mobile sinks. For instance, battery life and data latency might result in node isolation, which breaks the link between nodes in the network. These issues have been avoided by means of mobile data sinks, which move between nodes with connection issues. Therefore, energy aware multiobjective improved remora optimization algorithm and multiobjective ant colony optimization (EA-MIROA-MACO) is proposed in this research to improve the WSN’s energy efficiency by eliminating node isolation issue. MIRO is utilized to pick the optimal cluster heads (CHs), while multiobjective ant colony optimization (MACO) is employed to find the path through the CHs. The EA-MIROA-MACO aims to optimize energy consumption in nodes and enhance data transmission within a WSN. The analysis of EA-MIROA-MACO’s performance is conducted by considering the number of alive along with dead nodes, average residual energy, and network lifespan. The EA-MIROA-MACO is compared with traditional approaches such as mobile sink and fuzzy based relay node routing (MSFBRR) protocol as well as hybrid neural network (HNN). The EA-MIROA-MACO demonstrates a higher number of alive nodes, specifically 192, over the MSFBRR and HNN for 2,000 rounds

Prospective study of fracture calcaneus with Allan’s procedure- bone grafting without implants

Background: Calcaneum is usually fractured following high energy axial traumas such is seen in cases of fall from height or road traffic accidents. If not properly managed these fractures can be a cause of prolonged morbidity in the form of pain, stiffness and deformities. We have conducted this prospective study of fracture calcaneum with the method described by Allan et al which constitute of open reduction and bone grafting without any implants. The objective of the was to determine the clinical approach, described by Allan et al for treatment of fracture calcaneum and to discuss in short the results, pitfalls and challenges associated with this.Methods: A prospective study was done on 42 patients who were diagnosed with intra-articular calcaneal fractures depending upon a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. All fractures of the study subjects were treated using a lateral approach by Allan’s procedure. Final outcome was assessed on the basis modified Rowe score.Results: In this study a total of 42 patients with intra-articular calcaneal fractures and treated by open reduction and bone grafting without any implants were studied. There were 36 men and 6 women. Majority of the patients tolerated the procedure well and most of the patients (95.23%) had a complete or partial restoration of heel shape. Significant residual pain was seen in only 1 (2.38 %) patient. 36 patients (85.71 %) had excellent outcome 5 patients (11.90%) had good and 1 patient (2.38%) had satisfactory outcome. Conclusions: The management of intra-articular calcaneal fracture by open reduction and bone grafting without any implants give good results with excellent functional outcome. Since no implants are used in this technique this can be a preferable procedure in rural areas and in patients with low socioeconomic status.

Role of Abhyanga in Skin and Hair Care

Skin is the first presenting organ of the body. Healthy and lustrous hair symbolizes the inner health of the individual. When you look good, you feel good is the general psychology. There are numerous external beauty therapies cropping up in the arcade of beauty. But a simple, user-friendly and costeffective therapy described in ancient Ayurvedic texts, Abhyanga beautifies skin and hair from the inner core, in a healthy way, which is the purpose of this study. The references regarding Abhyanga, skin and hair from all the Ayurvedic texts were assembled and assessed. Also the role of Abhyanga in maintaining the definition of ‘Swastha Purusha’ was explored. Abhyanga leads to Vata-Shaman and Prabha-Vardhan thereby acting as an excellent anti-ageing therapy. It also takes care of certain ailments like pain, tingling, numbness etc. It also helps in improving blood circulation, removal of toxins, thus imparting strength to skin and care. Inclusively, Abhyanga can be considered as an excellent therapy for the enhancement of health and beauty

Inverse S-Transform Based Decision Tree for Power System Faults Identification

 In this paper a decision tree based identification of power system faults has been proposed. The key input values to the decision tree are the performance indices calculated from the maximum values of unfiltered inverse Stockwell transform (MUNIST) technique. A wide range of techniques including Stockwell transform (ST) have been used for the identification of power system faults. However, the signatures produced by these techniques are not unique and sometimes lead to misinterpretation of faults. Consequently, a decision tree based on the inverse Stockwell transform method is proposed in the present paper to automatically identify both the symmetrical and unsymmetrical power system faults. The method is able to determine both sudden and gradual changes in the signal caused by different power system faults. The technique is very accurate and produces unique signatures compared to the existing techniques. The results obtained show the efficacy of the proposed technique.

Hydrodynamic changes due to large seabed installations in coastal waters off west coast of India

Offshore marine environment can very well be utilized for mass storage of liquids which are not harmful to that environment. Improper placement of large tanks on the seabed, to store large quantities of liquids, would adversely affect the hydrodynamics of adjoining environment. Thorough understanding on the hydrodynamics of the adjoining environment is thus required before and after placing such tanks so as to properly plan the placement of these large tanks. A two dimensional numerical hydrodynamic model is used to study influence of placing large number of tanks in a dynamic marine environment. Cylindrical tanks (5 m dia.) are arranged in three rows with 50 tanks placed in each row with their length (100 m) aligned perpendicular to the coast. These tanks cover an area of about 36000 m2 and are placed on seabed in water depths about 15 m. Hydrodynamic simulations carried out with tidal forcing for cases of (a) before and (b) after placement of tanks showed that current speeds increase up to 65% in the region where the tanks are placed compared to currents without placement of tanks. However, up to 85% increase in current speeds is observed in regions beyond the tanks. In this manuscript results of the effects on the hydrodynamics of a region due to placing large number of tanks in shallow waters are presented

Effects of training parameter concept and sample size in possibilistic c-means classifier for pigeon pea specific crop mapping

4openInternationalInternational coauthor/editorThis research work aims to study the effect of training parameter concept and sample size in the process of classification by using a fuzzy Possibilistic c-Means (PCM) approach for Pigeon Pea specific crop mapping. For specific class extraction, the “mean” of the training data is considered as a training parameter of the classification algorithm. In this study, we proposed an “Individual Sample as Mean” (ISM) approach where the individual training sample is accounted as a mean parameter for the fuzzy PCM classifier. In order to avoid the spectral overlap of target Pigeon pea crop with other crops in the study area, a temporal indices database was generated from Sentinel 2A/2B satellite images acquired during the 2019–2020 Pigeon Pea crop cycle. The spectral dimensionality of temporal data was reduced to extract the required bands to achieve maximum enhancement of the target crop class in the temporal data. Further, the training sample size was increased to study the heterogeneity within the class in the classified output. The proposed ISM approach delivered a higher mean membership difference (MMD) between the Pigeon Pea crop and the co-cultivated Cotton crop as compared to the conventional mean method. This indicated that a better separation was achieved between the target crop and the spectrally similar crop grown, that were cultivated in the same study area. When the sample size was gradually increased from 5 to 60, the MMD values within the Pigeon Pea test fields remained in the range 0.013–0.02, thereby implying that the proposed algorithm works better even with a small number of training samples. The heterogeneity was better handled using the proposed ISM approach since the variance obtained within Pigeon Pea field was only 0.008, as compared to that of 0.02 achieved using the conventional mean approachopenSivaraj, Priyadarsini; Kumar, Anil; Koti, Shiva Reddy; Naik, ParthSivaraj, P.; Kumar, A.; Koti, S.R.; Naik, P

In vitro screening of white Jute (Corchorus capsularis L) against salinity stress

The environmental stress such as salinity of soil or water is serious threat for field crops in the world, especially in arid and semiarid regions. To study salinity stress on jute (Corchorus capsularis), an experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design keeping nine capsularis varieties (JRC-698, JRC-321, JRC-517, JRC-7447, JBC-5, JRC-212, JRC-80, JRC-532 and UPC-94) as one factor and four levels of salt concentrations i.e. control (Distilled H2O), 100, 160, 240 and 300 mM NaCl with three replications. Adverse effect of salinity increased with increasing concentration of sodium chloride. Among nine jute varieties the highest germination percentage (89.5%), root length (0.6 cm), shoot length (1.2 cm), fresh weight (93 mg) and dry weight (9.5 mg) of seedling were observed in ‘JRC-698’ at salt concentration at 160 mM NaCl as compared with other salt concentration. All growth parameters were recorded higher in control than other treatments. All growth parameters were decreased up to 240 mM NaCl concentration and it was completely inhibited at 300 mM NaCl. Variety ‘UPC-94’ was the most susceptible to salinity stress. Hence, white jute varieties, JRC-698 and JRC-517 can be grown at 160 mM NaCl concentration

Widrow Hoff Learning Algorithm Based Minimization of BER Multi-User Detection in SDMA

Abstract-In this paper minimization of BER in MUD based on neural network has been proposed. The change in weights from Widrow-Hoff learning algorithm has been used to update the weight vectors of the equalizer. Neural networks can be used for linear design, adaptive prediction, amplitude detection, character recognition and many other applications. In this paper adaptive prediction has been used in detecting the errors caused in AWGN channel. These errors are rectified by using Adaptive prediction methods based LMS algorithm for updating their weights. SDMA scheme with 3 users and 4 receiver antennas has been considered in the present work for obtaining the results. BPSK is used as the modulation scheme. Index Terms-Adaptive Algorithm, bit error rate (BER), channel, neural networks, multi user detection (MUD), Widrow-Hoff. INTRODUCTION Neural Network based smart antennas are capable of improving the achievable wireless system capacity and quality by suppressing the effects of both intersymbol interference (ISI) and co-channel interference (CCI). In this paper, we consider a space-division multiple access (SDMA) uplink scheme, where each transmitter employs a single antenna, while the base station (BS) receiver has multiple antenna

Study the effectiveness and safety of vitamin D as an additional treatment for type 2 diabetic patients using oral anti-diabetics at a tertiary care hospital

Background: The prevalence of type 2 DM is alarmingly rising on a global scale. Improved treatments for type 2 DM are still needed, in order to slow the disease’s development. A role in the pathophysiology of type 2 DM has been suggested by the correlation between vitamin D insufficiency and several non-skeletal illnesses, including DM. The goal of the study was to determine if vitamin D supplementation may help type 2 DM patients whose glycemic status was uncontrolled even after using oral antidiabetics. Methods: 60 individuals with type 2 DM and vitamin D insufficiency participated in this 12-week open-label, before-and-after study. For 12 weeks, in addition to oral anti-diabetic medications, these patients also received 60,000 IU of vitamin D3 orally every week. HbA1c, FBS, and 25(OH)D levels parameters were included. Results: The majority of the patients were from 41-50 years of age group (48.3%) with a male predominance (60%). Most of them were having >1 year of type 2 DM duration (78.3%) with a high family history of type 2 DM (70%). After 12 weeks, there was a substantial (p<0.001*) drop in FBG levels and a significant (p<0.001*) decrease in HbA1c. 25(OH)D levels showed a high rise (p<0.001*). None of the patients had any side effects. Conclusions: Vitamin D treatment improves glycemic status, which slows the development of type 2 DM and its associated effects. As such, vitamin D supplementation is a safe and promising adjuvant treatment for individuals with type 2 diabetes who are low in vitamin D

STABILITY-INDICATING VALIDATED REVERSED PHASE-HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF COBICISTAT AND ATAZANAVIR SULFATE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

ABSTRACTObjective: A simple, rapid, precise, accurate, and economical stability-indicating reversed phase-high performance liquid assay method was developedand validated for simultaneous estimation of cobicistat (COB) and atazanavir (ATV) sulfate in bulk drugs and their combined commercial tablets.Methods: The method has shown adequate separation of COB and ATV from their degradation products. Separation was achieved on a LunaCN (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm column at a detection wavelength of 239 nm) using a mobile phase consists of o-phthaldialdeyde (Ph2.5) IX buffer,acetonitrile, and methanol in the ratio of 40:40:20 in an isocratic elution mode at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Results: The retention times for COB and ATV sulfate were found to be 3.606 and 6.113 min, respectively. COB and ATV sulfate, their combinationdrug product was subjected to acid, base, neutral hydrolysis, thermal, and photolytic stress conditions. Thus, stressed samples were analyzed by theproposed analytical method. Validation of the proposed analytical method was carried out as per ICH guidelines Q2R1. Quantitation was achievedwith UV detection at 239 nm based on peak area with linear calibration curves at concentration ranges 50-600 μg/ml for COB and 100-1200 μg/ml forATV sulfate (R2 = 0.999 for both drugs). The limits of detection were 0.25 μg/ml and 0.5 μg/ml for COB and ATV sulfate, respectively. Conclusion: The method was found to be specific and stability indicating as no interfering peaks of degradants and excipients were observed. Theproposed method is hence suitable for application in quality-control laboratories for quantitative analysis of both the drugs individually and incombination dosage forms since it is simple and rapid with good accuracy and precision.Keywords: Stability-indicating assay, Reversed phase-high performance liquid, Cobicistat, Atazanavir sulfate, Forced degradation studies