DEVELOPMENT OF VOLUME TO MASS CONVERSION MODEL FOR NGV DISPENSING UNIT USING THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES

This research project is initiated as one of the sub studies in the implementation of natural gas vehicle usage in Malaysia. Developing a natural gas refueling station at lower cost is a challenge that needs to be handled by the university. One of the areas of interest is in the metering system. Regulatory requirement states that natural gas must be measured in mass flow rate. Coriolis meter is the only available mass flow meter in the market. But this meter is too costly. Thus a study to develop a cheaper metering system is required. The best alternative is by measuring the flow rate of natural gas and then converts it to mass flow rate. This conversion can be done in various ways of calculations. Manual calculation using Equation of State, combination of several Equations of State and Activity Coefficient Method are the most commonly used method of calculation for natural gas component. The author used several equations of state in order to complete this research. But first, the properties of the natural gas such as its composition, vapor pressure and critical properties need to be determined first. The calculation starts with the study to find the variation in mass as pressure of the natural gas is changed. For this calculation purpose, the tank is considered as an isothermal system with temperature maintained at 30°C. The system that been studied is theNGV's tank which volume is constant (55 liters). The calculation is done using Soave Redlich Kwong EOS and Peng Robinson EOS. To compare the data with the ideal condition, a plot using ideal gas equation is done as well. The calculation is repeated at different composition to see how the variations in composition affect the behavior of the graph. Finally, the variation in mass as a function of temperature and pressure is done. At this stage, HYSIS is used to determine the data for the plot. The equations that been considered in the calculation are Soave Redlich Kwong EOS, Peng Robinson EOS and LeeKesler Plocker EOS. The graphs areplotted to seethe relationship

Mengurangkan Tingkah Laku Mengganggu Murid Autistik Semasa Menyiapkan Tugasan dengan Teknik Peneguhan Bukan Kontigensi

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan penggunaan teknik peneguhan bukan kontigensi untuk mengurangkan tingkah laku mengganggu murid semasa menyiapkan tugasan. Kajian ini melibatkan seorang murid Autistik yang dipilih secara bertujuan dan tingkah laku bermasalah telah dikenal pasti oleh pengkaji. Reka bentuk kajian ialah ‘single-subject design’ (A-B-A) yang dijalankan selama enam minggu berturut-turut, melibatkan fasa baseline (A), fasa intervensi (B) dan fasa tanpa intervensi (A). Pengkaji telah menggunakan teknik peneguhan bukan kontigensi melalui kaedah ‘escape break’ iaitu memberikan murid melakukan aktiviti yang disukai selama 3 minit dan disusuli dengan 2 minit waktu menyiapkan tugasan. Kaedah intervensi ini dijalankan semasa aktiviti menyiapkan latihan tugasan dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Data telah direkodkan secara pemerhatian dan rakaman video. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat pengurangan tingkah laku mengganggu dan daya tumpuan murid meningkat semasa intervensi dijalanka

Competency Level of Special Education Integration Program Teachers in Conducting Assessment on Students with Learning Disabilities

The purpose of this research was to identify the level of knowledge, skills and attitude of the Integrated Special Education Program (PPKI) teachers in conducting assessment of students’ learning disabilities in four primary schools in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This research is based on Theory of Behaviorism founded by Thorndike and Iceberg Competency Model. The research design was quantitative with the population consisting of 50 PPKI teachers while the samples of the research were 44 teachers selected by simple random sampling method. The instrument was a questionnaire adapted from Sulaiman (2008) and confirmed with Alpha Cronbach. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, percentage, frequency and mean. The results showed that the level of knowledge of PPKI teachers was high with mean score, the level of skill was moderate, and the level of attitude was high. It is concluded that PPKI teachers have good knowledge of the assessment process on students with learning disabilities but require additional training and courses to improve their skills

Investigating the factors that influence the quality of open source systems

Open Source Software (OSS) has impacted software industry and recently became extremely popular. Many agencies, especially the Malaysian government agencies are capitalizing on open source projects due to the merit it offers. Due to the vast usage in the industry and government administrations, there is a colossal need to investigate on the quality of applications. Therefore, this research will study the quality factors of OSS used by Malaysian government, namely MyMeeting, and MyTaskManager. In this research, McCall’s Quality Factor Model is used as a quality model and it emphasizes on quality factors such as maintainability, correctness, reliability, efficiency and usability. This research utilizes six object-oriented metrics by Chidamber and Kemerer (CK) to measure the quality factors of OSS. The metrics were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results from the data analysis show that coupling and complexity influence the class size

DEVELOPMENT OF VOLUME TO MASS CONVERSION MODEL FOR NGV DISPENSING UNIT USING THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES

This research project is initiated as one of the sub studies in the implementation of natural gas vehicle usage in Malaysia. Developing a natural gas refueling station at lower cost is a challenge that needs to be handled by the university. One of the areas of interest is in the metering system. Regulatory requirement states that natural gas must be measured in mass flow rate. Coriolis meter is the only available mass flow meter in the market. But this meter is too costly. Thus a study to develop a cheaper metering system is required. The best alternative is by measuring the flow rate of natural gas and then converts it to mass flow rate. This conversion can be done in various ways of calculations. Manual calculation using Equation of State, combination of several Equations of State and Activity Coefficient Method are the most commonly used method of calculation for natural gas component. The author used several equations of state in order to complete this research. But first, the properties of the natural gas such as its composition, vapor pressure and critical properties need to be determined first. The calculation starts with the study to find the variation in mass as pressure of the natural gas is changed. For this calculation purpose, the tank is considered as an isothermal system with temperature maintained at 30°C. The system that been studied is theNGV's tank which volume is constant (55 liters). The calculation is done using Soave Redlich Kwong EOS and Peng Robinson EOS. To compare the data with the ideal condition, a plot using ideal gas equation is done as well. The calculation is repeated at different composition to see how the variations in composition affect the behavior of the graph. Finally, the variation in mass as a function of temperature and pressure is done. At this stage, HYSIS is used to determine the data for the plot. The equations that been considered in the calculation are Soave Redlich Kwong EOS, Peng Robinson EOS and LeeKesler Plocker EOS. The graphs areplotted to seethe relationship

Raman fiber laser with highly non-linear fiber

This paper demonstrates the power performance of an asymmetrical distributed feedback Raman fiber laser (DF-RFL) employing 2 km of highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF). The forward-pumped architecture exhibited better threshold condition and higher output power alongside a broader spectral profile compared to a DF-RFL utilizing a standard transmission fiber. This experimental layout could offer better insight on flatter broadband gain compared to conventional DF-RFL

Determination of Minimum Sample Size Requirement for Multiple Linear Regression and Analysis of Covariance Based on Experimental and Non-experimental Studies

  Background: MLR and ANCOVA are common statistical techniques and are used for both experimental and non-experimental studies. However, both types of study designs may require different basis of sample size requirement. Therefore, this study aims to proposed sample size guidelines for MLR and ANCOVA for both experimental and non-experimental studies. Methods: We estimated the minimum sample sizes required for MLR and ANCOVA by using Power and Sample Size software (PASS) based on the pre-specified values of alpha, power and effect size (R2). In addition, we also performed validation of the estimates using a real clinical data to evaluate how close the approximations of selected statistics which were derived from the samples were to the actual parameters in the targeted populations. All the coefficients, effect sizes and r-squared obtained from the sample were then compared with their respective parameters in the population. Results: Small minimum sample sizes required for performing both MLR and ANCOVA when r-squared is used as the effect size. However, the validation results based on an evaluation from a real-life dataset suggest that a minimum sample size of 300 or more is necessary to generate a close approximation of estimates with the parameters in the population. Conclusions: We proposed sample size calculation when r-squared is used as an effect size is more suitable for experimental studies. However, taking a larger sample size such as 300 or more is necessary for clinical survey that is conducted in a non-experimental manner

Tunable ultra-long random distributed feedback fiber laser

A 72 km open-ended symmetrical tunable random distributed feedback fiber laser (RDB-FL) with different pumping schemes is presented in this study. The random distributed feedback was contributed by Rayleigh scattering in the single-mode fiber while distributed gain was provided by the effect of stimulated Raman scattering. The pumping schemes tested with the configuration was outward and inward pumping, where these would be backward and forward pumping in a non-symmetrical configuration of a fiber laser, respectively. The tuning range was also varied in conjunction with the different pumping schemes to determine the optimum performance. Random lasing in the RDB-FL was achieved by utilizing multiple scattering in the disordered gain medium to achieve resonance. With pump power limited to 1.5 W, the best threshold was measured as low as 1.4 W while the highest total output power was at 8 mW. In outward pumping configuration, the wavelengths that are within the maximum Raman gain (1555-1565 nm) show the best peak powers and total output power with a narrow linewidth, as low as 0.25 nm

A model of doctor-patient communication and information seeking a study among trainee or junior doctors in Malaysian hospital

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the doctors-patients communication style and their information seeking practiced among doctors under training or junior doctors in Malaysian hospital. Two types of communication styles evaluated are doctor centered and patient centered communication. Meanwhile, elements of information seeking practice evaluated are exploration of the reason for encounter, history taking, concrete solutions, structuring the interview, interpersonal skills and communicative skills. These six elements were categorized into interview skills and process skills. This information seeking skills have been derived from meta-analysis conducted by Stewart and Roter (1989). We combined the doctors-patients communication style and information seeking practice to develop a model based on four quadrants namely doctors-interview, doctors-process, patient-interview and patient-process. The subjects for this research are doctors under training or junior doctors in Malaysia. This explorative research distributed a set of questionnaires in order to collect data for analysis. The result show that the doctors under training or junior doctors tend to practice doctor-centered styles compare to patient-centered. Meanwhile, most of them demonstrate all the information seeking practice at a high level. Based on four quadrants developed by researcher, research shows that the doctors mostly categorized in doctor-centered communication style and interview information-seeking skills. We suggested that doctors should be more patient-oriented rather than doctor oriented. We also suggested the model that we developed can be used as a model of communication pattern of the doctors and can be used for future research

Significance of Sensory Activities among Toddlers for Sensory Skills Development

The excessive use of gadgets takes away so much time and robs of all the fun from children. It affects children's cognitive, emotional, and social skills. Hence, by exposing children to various sensory experiences, they can develop proper sensory processing capabilities. This can be done by learning through play. The purpose of this descriptive research is to encourage children to interact with peers through sensory play activities. This study analyses videos using the framework of Feldman’s theory by creating a sensory board game. The result shows that it can help stimulate children’s sensory skills development and enhance active interaction. Keywords: Toddler; Sensory activity; skills development; board game eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7iSI7.376