Effect of Selected Corrective Exercises on Glenohumeral Rotation range of Motion in Overhead Athletes with Scapular Dyskinesis

In overhead exercises, performing the repetitive and high-intensity throwing movements causes to reduce the internal rotation range of motion (IR ROM) in the dominant shoulder by applying small and continuous pressures on the glenohumeral joint capsule. This factor can cause scapular dyskinesis (SD) and predispose to shoulder injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of selected corrective exercises on the shoulder rotation range of motion and SD in overhead athletes. The present study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 54 volleyball players with SD. Goniometer and Lateral scapular slide test (LSST) were used to measure the shoulder rotation ROM and SD, respectively. The experimental group participated in eight weeks of selected corrective exercises. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test. In the experimental group, the shoulder IR ROM and SD after exercise showed a significant increase (P= 0.001) and a decrease (P= 0.001), respectively; while in the control group, the changes were not significant. Therefore, the selected corrective exercises can lead to an increase in the shoulder IR ROM and correct the SD in overhead athletes, and it is recommended to consider it as a part of their routine exercises.   &nbsp

Investigating the Impact of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Training on Liver Enzymes and Hematological Profile in Children with Leukemia

Objectives: The objective of the evaluation was to study and determine the impact of eight weeks of aerobic training (AT) on liver enzymes and changes in hematological profile in children with leukemia.Methods: This is a semi-experimental and applied study. Statistical samples include 24 children aged 7 to 10 years that referred to hospital and were divided randomly into two control (n=12) and experimental (n=12) groups. Eight-week AT with 40 to 70 percent of heart rate reserve, three sessions per week, no exercise training program was observed in the controls during the study. We measure Liver enzymes such as Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Hemoglobin (Hb), White Blood Cells (WBC), platelets (PLT), and bilirubin. Data analysis using a paired t-test and analysis of covariance was performed with software SPSS version 20.Results: The results showed that moderate-intensity AT has a significant effect on hemoglobin and liver enzyme levels and a significant increase in Hb (p<0.05) and significant reduction the ALT and AST (p<0.05) whereas there was no significant influence on WBC, ALT, and bilirubin (p>0.05).Conclusion: AT may accelerate the oxygen supply and reduce liver damage caused by medications in children diagnosed with leukemia without having corrupting effect on PLT, bilirubin, and safety factors

Frequency of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 and Cytomegalovirus in Perilymph and Peripheral Blood Samples of Cochlear-Implanted Children Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction Method

Background and Aim: Inner ear infection with some viruses may be one of the possible causes of Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL). This study aims to determine the frequency of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in perilymph and peripheral blood samples of cochlear-implanted children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 30 children with severe-to-profound SNHL (aged 1.1–5 years) underwent cochlear implantation surgery. During surgery, their perilymph and peripheral blood samples were collected. The samples were analyzed separately for the presence of herpes HSV-1, HSV-2, and CMV by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The load of IgG and IgM antibodies against these viruses was determined using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Results: The frequency of CMV in perilymph samples was 16.7% (5 patients) and in peripheral blood samples was 3.3% (1 patient). The IgG antibody against CMV and HSV-1 was positive in 80% and 46.7% of the patients, respectively. The IgM antibody against CMV was positive in 10%. The mean IgM serum antibody load against HSV-1, HSV-2, and CMV was 2.70, 1.70, and 5.47, respectively, and the mean IgG antibody load against these viruses was 56.07, 2.50, and 23.67, respectively. Conclusion: The IgG test is positive in cochlear-implanted children with CMV in their perilymph samples, and the CMV genome is not present in their peripheral blood. This may indicate the previous presence of this virus in the ear and its role in hearing loss

Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Background: Many causes of vision impairment can be prevented or treated. With an ageing global population, the demands for eye health services are increasing. We estimated the prevalence and relative contribution of avoidable causes of blindness and vision impairment globally from 1990 to 2020. We aimed to compare the results with the World Health Assembly Global Action Plan (WHA GAP) target of a 25% global reduction from 2010 to 2019 in avoidable vision impairment, defined as cataract and undercorrected refractive error. Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity from <6/18 to 3/60) and blindness (<3/60 or less than 10° visual field around central fixation) by cause, age, region, and year. Because of data sparsity at younger ages, our analysis focused on adults aged 50 years and older. Findings: Global crude prevalence of avoidable vision impairment and blindness in adults aged 50 years and older did not change between 2010 and 2019 (percentage change −0·2% [95% UI −1·5 to 1·0]; 2019 prevalence 9·58 cases per 1000 people [95% IU 8·51 to 10·8], 2010 prevalence 96·0 cases per 1000 people [86·0 to 107·0]). Age-standardised prevalence of avoidable blindness decreased by −15·4% [–16·8 to −14·3], while avoidable MSVI showed no change (0·5% [–0·8 to 1·6]). However, the number of cases increased for both avoidable blindness (10·8% [8·9 to 12·4]) and MSVI (31·5% [30·0 to 33·1]). The leading global causes of blindness in those aged 50 years and older in 2020 were cataract (15·2 million cases [9% IU 12·7–18·0]), followed by glaucoma (3·6 million cases [2·8–4·4]), undercorrected refractive error (2·3 million cases [1·8–2·8]), age-related macular degeneration (1·8 million cases [1·3–2·4]), and diabetic retinopathy (0·86 million cases [0·59–1·23]). Leading causes of MSVI were undercorrected refractive error (86·1 million cases [74·2–101·0]) and cataract (78·8 million cases [67·2–91·4]). Interpretation: Results suggest eye care services contributed to the observed reduction of age-standardised rates of avoidable blindness but not of MSVI, and that the target in an ageing global population was not reached. Funding: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Fondation Théa, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lions Clubs International Foundation, Sightsavers International, and University of Heidelberg

Comparison of the Effect of Eight Weeks of Core Stability Training and Kegel on Diastasis Rectus Abdominis in Multiparous Women

Objectives: Due to the importance of postpartum maternal health and the effect of pregnancy on the increase of recti diastasis rectus abdominis (DRA), this study aimed to compare the effect of eight weeks of core and Kegel exercise with emphasis on correcting the respiratory pattern on DRA in multiparous women. Methods: This is a semi-experimental study that was conducted on 45 pregnant women who had given birth six weeks ago selected according to the inclusion criteria. Individuals were divided into three selected training groups, including central area, Kegel, and control. The covariance analysis was used for intergroup comparison and a correlated t-test was used for comparison within a group. The statistical analysis was done by SPSS software, version 27.  Results: The results of this study showed the effect of both training programs on reducing the distance between the recti-abdominal muscles (P0.045).  Discussion: Due to the reduction of pain and DRA, it seems that using the two training programs can lead to desirable results for the people and represents the importance of using the exercises in the postpartum period

Frequency of Complications and Mortality Due to Intertrochanteric Fracture of the Hip Joint in Individuals Over 60 Years of Age Receiving Vitamin D

Background and Objective: Vitamin D deficiency in humans is a major health problem worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation in reducing mortality and complications after intertrochanteric fracture of the hip joint. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 100 patients over 60 years of age with hip fractures and serum levels of vitamin D less than 20 ng/ml referring to Besat Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, were selected and randomly assigned to one of the intervention or control groups. The intervention group was given vitamin D in a vial of 600,000 units IM. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 23). Results: The mean age of the patients in the intervention and control groups were 78.04±8.50 and 79.40±7.30 years, respectively (P=0.430). Regarding gender, 54% of the patients in the intervention group and 60% in the control group were men. Mean serum levels of vitamin D were 15.48±4.03 and 14.23±3.28 ng/ml, respectively. The frequencies of mortality within one year after surgery were 8% and 18% (P=0.137), and the frequencies of complications were 4% and 14% (P=0.160). Conclusion: The injection of vitamin D supplement in the form of a single dose of 600,000 muscle units in patients over 60 years of age with vitamin D deficiency and intertrochanteric fracture of the hip joint reduced one-year mortality and complications. However, this reduction was not significant compared to the control group

The Role of a Functional Movement Screen Test in Predicting Sports Injuries in three-Person Basketball Athletes

Background: It is important to screen athletes before the competition season to identify those at risk of injury. Three-person basketball is a team sport where injury risks should be closely monitored. The present study investigates the role of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) test in predicting sports injuries in three-person basketball athletes.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 male athletes (22 athletes with injuries and 28 athletes without injuries) with an average age of 25.58±3.83, weight of 76.64±6.23, and height of 184.18±6.55. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors related to injury. SPSS software was used for data analysis, with a significance level of p<0.05.Results: The multiple logistic regression model showed a strong association between the FMS functional screening test and injury. The risk of injury decreased significantly with higher scores on the FMS functional screening test (P-value < 0.05). The FMS functional screening test's adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 0.673.Conclusion: The results indicate that the FMS test can identify athletes more prone to injury in team-neighborhood and championship sports. Coaches and athletes are suggested to use FMS tests in neighborhood disciplines such as three-person basketball to predict and develop more targeted sports injury prevention programs

Effects of High Intensity Interval Training and Consumption of Matcha Green Tea on Malondialdehyde and Glutathione Peroxidase Levels in women

Background and purpose: Increased production of free radicals occurs due to intense and unconventional physical activity. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of six weeks of high intensity interval training and Matcha green tea on some cellular oxidants (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in women. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental applied research was performed in 48 untrained women aged 25-35 years in Tehran, Iran. They were randomly divided into four groups, including supplement (n=12), exercise (n=12), supplement + exercise (n=12), and placebo (n=12). High intensity interval training was performed for six weeks at 85% - 95% maximum heart rate. The supplement groups consumed two capsules of Matcha tea (500 mg) orally daily. MDA and GPX measurements were done using 5mL of blood sampling from the brachial vein at pre-test and post-test stages. Data analysis was carried out in SPSS V23. Results: In current study, high intensity interval training had no significant effect on MDA and GPX indices in inactive women (P>0.05). But, consumption of Matcha tea alone and with exercise showed significant effects on reducing MDA and increasing GPX in women (P< 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that consuming Matcha green tea alongside high intensity interval training in short term can have effects on oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity

The effect of neck proprioception neuromuscular facilitation exercises program on dynamic balance and performance of female basketball players

Background and purpose:&nbsp;Basketball is a dynamic sport that keeping balance is an important factor to improve performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PNF neck exercises program on dynamic balance and sports performance (penalty throw) of female basketball players.Materials and methods: 30 basketball players were randomly divided into two intervention-control groups.&nbsp;Athletes in the intervention group participated in the 4-week scheduled program of PNF neck exercises. The control group performed only their daily routine exercises.Results:&nbsp;The results showed that dynamic balance indicators were decreased and free-throw basketball test in the intervention group was significantly increased after four weeks of PNF neck exercises that these changes were statistically significant in comparison with the control group and before performing exercise protocol (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that PNF neck exercises can be beneficial for enhancing dynamic balance and performance of female basketball players.</p

Corneal Ectasis among Wrestlers: Report of Two Cases

Report keratoconus in two patients with a long history of wrestling without any risk factor for corneal ectasia and reviewing the possible pathogenesis. To confirm suspicion of keratoconus, corneal topography was performed using scanning slit topography system and Orbscan. In two wrestlers with the complaint of visual loss in their eyes and IOP raising, corneal topography was performed and development of keratoconus (KCN) was detected. Athletes involved in sports with high strenuous exercises might need routine eye examination and also a baseline corneal topography. This may provide an earlier detection of KCN in this group of athletics