Acceptance of smartwatches for automated self-report in mental health interventions

Tracking of mood is an activity commonly employed within a range of mental health interventions. Physical activity and sleep are also important for contextualising mood data but can be difficult to track manually and rely on retrospective recall. Smartwatches show potential to help reduce the burden on users in terms of remembering to track, and the effort of tracking, as well as difficulties in accurate recall of sleep and activity. This ongoing study explores the acceptance of the use of a smartwatch app for automated self-report in a mental health intervention context. The watch app studied allows the manual self-report of mood and automated self-report of sleep and physical activity. Acceptance is measured through usage metrics and a questionnaire based on the Health Information Technology Acceptance Model. Acceptance issues more specific to the context of mental health interventions (e.g. perceived stigma) are also explored. The questionnaire is delivered before first use of the app, after initial use, and following sustained use, in order to assess the evolution of patients’ acceptance over time

Technology acceptability, acceptance and adoption - definitions and measurement

There is much interest in the development of personal health technologies, but many health technologies involve the capture and use of deeply personal and sensitive data, particularly in the space of mental health. For many years, technology researchers have examined concepts such as acceptability and acceptance, but we argue that these are even more important in the health domain, as the possible intrusiveness of technologies could lead to users refusing to even try a technology. During the design process of technology and in formative and summative evaluation, researchers may wish to explicitly address and measure acceptability and related constructs, as well as at different points in the user experience (before use, on first use, after some period of usage). While a range of definitions have been offered independently, many researchers conflate related terms and may benefit both from a coherent set of definitions, and associated approaches to measurement. In this paper, we describe a systematic review of the usage of acceptance, acceptability, and adoption within the mobile health literature, and present a preliminary analysis of the most recent literature

Mental Wellbeing:Future Agenda Drawing from Design, HCI and Big Data

Most HCI work on the exploration and support of mental wellbeing involves mobiles, sensors, and various on-line systems which focus on tracking users. However, adoption of, and adherence to such systems is not ideal. Are there innovative ways to better design for mental wellbeing? A promising novel approach is to encourage changes to behavior through the use of tailored feedback informed by machine learning algorithms applied to large sets of use data. This one day workshop aims to explore novel ways to actively engage participants through interactive systems, with an overall aim to shape the research agenda of future HCI work on mental wellbeing. The workshop is designed in an innovative format offering a mixture of traditional presentation, hands-on design and future-thinking activities. The workshop brings together both practitioners and HCI researchers from across a range areas addressing mental wellbeing

Feedback-Based Channel Frequency Optimization in Superchannels

Superchannels leverage the flexibility of elastic optical networks and pave the way to higher capacity channels in space division multiplexing (SDM) networks. A superchannel consists of subchannels to which continuous spectral grid slots are assigned. To guarantee superchannel operation, we need to account for soft failures, e.g., laser drifts causing interference between subchannels, wavelength-dependent performance variations, and filter misalignments affecting the edge subchannels. This is achieved by reserving spectral guardband between subchannels or by employing a lower modulation format. We propose a process that dynamically retunes the subchannel transmitter (TX) lasers to compensate for soft failures during operation and optimizes the total capacity or the minimum subchannel quality of transmission (QoT) performance. We use an iterative stochastic subgradient method that at each iteration probes the network and leverages monitoring information, particularly subchannels signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values, to optimize the TX frequencies. Our results indicate that our proposed method always approaches the optima found with an exhaustive search technique, unsuitable for operating networks, irrespective of the subchannel number, modulation format, roll-off factor, filters bandwidth, and starting frequencies. Considering a four-subchannel superchannel, the proposed method achieves 2.47 dB and 3.73 dB improvements for a typical soft failure of +/- 2 GHz subchannel frequency drifts around the optimum, for the two examined objectives

Dissection of DNA double-strand-break repair using novel single-molecule forceps.

Repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) requires multiple proteins to recognize and bind DNA ends, process them for compatibility, and ligate them together. We constructed novel DNA substrates for single-molecule nanomanipulation, allowing us to mechanically detect, probe, and rupture in real-time DSB synapsis by specific human NHEJ components. DNA-PKcs and Ku allow DNA end synapsis on the 100 ms timescale, and the addition of PAXX extends this lifetime to ~2 s. Further addition of XRCC4, XLF and ligase IV results in minute-scale synapsis and leads to robust repair of both strands of the nanomanipulated DNA. The energetic contribution of the different components to synaptic stability is typically on the scale of a few kilocalories per mole. Our results define assembly rules for NHEJ machinery and unveil the importance of weak interactions, rapidly ruptured even at sub-picoNewton forces, in regulating this multicomponent chemomechanical system for genome integrity

Inhibition of DDR1 enhances in vivo chemosensitivity in KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma

Platinum-based chemotherapy in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors is the current standard of care for patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, tumor progression evolves in most cases. Therefore, predictive bioma ricers are needed for better patient stratification and for the identification of new therapeutic strategies, including enhancing the efficacy of chemotoxic agents. Here, we hypothesized that discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) may be both a predictive factor for chemoresistance in patients with LUAD and a potential target positively selected in resistant cells. By using biopsies from patients with LUAD, KRAS-mutant LUAD cell lines, and in vivo genetically engineered KRAS-driven mouse models, we evaluated the role of DDR1 in the context of chemotherapy treatment. We found that DORT is upregulated during chemotherapy both in vitro and in viva. Moreover, analysis of a cohort of patients with LUAD suggested that high DOR1 levels in pretreatment biopsies correlated with poor response to chemotherapy. Additionally, we showed that combining DORI inhibition with chemotherapy prompted a synergistic therapeutic effect and enhanced cell death of KRAS-mutant tumors in vivo. Collectively, this study suggests a potential role for DDR1 as both a predictive and prognostic biomarker, potentially improving the chemotherapy response of patients with LUAD

Prévalence et facteurs de risques d'estomac « plein » à l'admission en salle de naissance

Introduction : l’inhalation pulmonaire du contenu gastrique est un réel sujet de préoccupation en anesthésie. Les modifications anatomiques et physiologiques induites par la grossesse font que la femme enceinte est considérée comme ayant un risque majoré d’inhalation pulmonaire du contenu gastrique en cas d’anesthésie générale. Plusieurs publications récentes ont rapporté des taux de parturientes avec un estomac « plein » en fin d’accouchement compris entre 25 et 50% mais la prévalence et les facteurs de risque d’un contenu gastrique à risque chez la parturiente lors de son admission en salle de naissance sont mal évalués. Leur connaissance permettrait de mieux individualiser la prise en charge des voies aériennes supérieurs des parturientes. Cette étude prospective multicentrique avait donc comme objectif de déterminer la prévalence et les facteurs de risques d’estomac « plein » à l’admission en salle de naissance.Matériel et méthodes : cette étude prospective observationnelle a été réalisée dans six maternités françaises de niveau 3 de décembre 2019 à juin 2021. Les données cliniques et échographiques de 1003 patientes admis pour accouchement, déclenchement ou césariennes programmées ont été incluses et analysées.Résultats : les analyses échographiques de l’antre montrent que 650 (64,8%) des 1003 parturientes incluses et analysées présentaient un estomac « plein ». Dans la cohorte des césariennes programmées (141), nous avons retrouvé 60 (42,5%) patientes sur 141 présentant un estomac « plein ». Le déclenchement, la dilatation du col, les contractions et le travail étaient des facteurs significativement associés à un estomac « plein » en analyse univariée. Le jeûne solide > 6h et le jeûne liquide > 4h étaient rapportés comme facteurs protecteurs d’estomac « plein. Les résultats statistiquement significatifs en analyse univariée ont été inclus dans l’analyse multivariée. Le facteur protecteur d’estomac « plein » mis en évidence était le jeûne solide. (OR 0,19 [0,13-0,27]). Conclusion : notre étude n’a pu mettre en évidence de facteurs de risque clairement identifiés de contenu échographique à risque à l’admission en salle de naissance. En conséquence, la réalisation d’un score de prédiction clinique d’estomac « plein » semble difficilement envisageable. Néanmoins, l’échographie gastrique reste un examen simple, non-invasif et rapide, d’évaluation de la nature et du volume du contenu de l’estomac. La prévalence élevée de d’estomac « plein » retrouvé dans notre étude démontre l’intérêt de la réaliser avant toute anesthésie générale afin de guider le choix de la technique anesthésique pour la gestion des voies aériennes dans la population obstétricale. Les données de notre étude suggèrent une utilisation rentable de l’échographie gastrique en salle de naissance pour des délais de jeûne solide minimaux de 6 heures