1. Rola systemu varis i vision w nowoczesnej radioterapii

Planowanie leczenia przy użyciu systemów trójwymiarowych spowodowafo skomplikowanie technik napromieniania. Powstają coraz bardziej złożone aparaty do radioterapii wyposażane w asymetryczny kolimator, terapie kątowe, MLC i IMRT. Aby dokładnie odtworzyć parametry napromienianych pó1 przy tak dużej liczbie zmiennych należy bardzo uważnie przejrzeć i odczytać cala dokumentacje dołączona do karty chorego. Tradycyjna forma przygotowania dokumentów do napromieniania zawiera ryzyko, iż dane te mogą być żle odczytane i blednie wprowadzane na aparacie terapeutycznym. Doskonałym rozwiązaniem eliminującym ewentualne pomyłki jest system Varis. Wszystkie dane niezbędne do wykonania poprawnego napromieniania Są umieszczone w elektronicznej karcie pacjenta. Dane do niej Są wpisywane automatycznie z systemu planowania trójwymiarowego lub określane na symulatorze. Napromieniając chorego na aparacie terapeutycznym nie ma możliwości ustawienia aparatu w inny sposób niż zostało to zaplanowane. W systemie zintegrowanego zarządzania radioterapia Varis można dokładnie zaplanować nie tylko sposób leczenia, ale również godzinę, o której chory powinien zgłosić się na aparat terapeutyczny. System Varis pozwala także wykreować róiżnego rodzaju raporty dotyczące pacjentów na podstawie danych zgromadzonych na serwerach. Nierozerwalna Częścią Varisa jest system Vision. Pozwala on na kontrole i weryfikacje ułożenia pacjenta podczas terapii. Służą do tego zdjęcia z symulatora i wykonywane komputerowo zdjęcia weryfikacyjne. System Vision pozwala na bardzo precyzyjna obróbkę otrzymywanych obrazów. Systemy Varis i Vision eliminują lub korygują ewentualne błędy wynikające z niepoprawnego egzekwowania zaplanowanych parametrów fizycznych. Podczas sesji przedstawione zostaną własne doświadczenia Kliniki w stosowaniu wymienionego systemu

All-arthroscopic AMIC procedure for repair of cartilage defects of the knee

PURPOSE: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were introduced into clinical practice due to their ability to differentiate into many types of cells. Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) combines the microfracture method with matrix-based techniques that utilizes a collagen membrane to serve as a scaffold for new bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, allowing effective reconstruction of even large fragments of a damaged cartilage surface. METHODS: All-arthroscopic technique to repair knee cartilage defects using the AMIC technique, which includes the use of a collagen matrix (porcine collagen type I and III) and fibrin glue—technique presentation. CONCLUSION: This technical note introduces an all-arthroscopic AMIC technique to reconstruct extensive cartilage defects (without bone defects). The technique may be used for treatment of all location of knee cartilage lesions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: V

148. Changes in lateral dimensions of irradiated volume and their impact on the accuracy of dose delivery during radiotherapy for head and neck cancer

AimTo assess changes in lateral dimensions of irradiated volume during head and neck cancer radiotherapy and their impact on dose delivery accuracy.Material and methodsLateral dimensions of irradiated volumes were measured in 5 predefined points using computed tomography, simulator and manually with calipers, prior to treatment and then bi-weekly. For each measurement reference point dose was calculated and verified using in vivo dosimetry. Early radiation reactions, patient's weight changes and the need to modify radiotherapy accessories were also assessed. All these parameters were analyzed in relation to tumor site and stage, treatment field size, radiation dose and the degree of radiation reactions.ResultsThe study included 33 head and neck cancer patients (24 men and 9 women) aged 24–77 (median 56). All patients were irradiated using the parallel opposed megavoltage fields ranging from 49 to 180 cm2 (median 121 cm2) to the dose of 44 to 80 Gy (median 66 Gy). Radiation reactions included mucositis (grade 3 – 1 patient, grade 2 – 17 patients, grade 1 – 13 patients) and dysphagia (grade 2 – 12 patients, grade 1 – 16 patients). The body mass changes during radiotherapy ranged from −18 to +4 kg (median −5 kg). In 1 patient radiotherapy accessories had to be modified three times during the treatment, in 6 – twice and in 10 – once. Lateral dimensions changes >5 mm occurred in all but one patient (range −37 to +16 mm). Theoretical doses calculated for changed dimensions varied from prescribed by −2.5% to +6% (median +2%). Differences larger than 5% were present in 4.8% of calculations. In vivo dose measurements (after introduction of necessary corrections) demonstrated difference from prescribed dose larger than 5% in 7.6% of measurements.ConclusionChanges in the lateral dimensions of irradiated volume during head and neck cancer radiotherapy may lead to some inaccuracies in delivered doses. Such situations may necessitate adequate corrections of dose calculations and modification of radiotherapy accessories during the course of treatment

The influence of physical exercise on alterations in concentrations of neuropeptide Y, leptin and other selected hormonal and metabolic parameters in sportspeople

The aim of this study was to evaluate the behaviour and relationships between hormones, and metabolic blood parameters essential for energetic balance control during rest, exercise and restitution. Two groups of young boys (17 cyclists and 11 canoeists) were tested twice. Tests were performed on a cycloergometer. During the first study, anaerobic threshold was determined by a non-invasive method and in the second one - cyclists performed prolonged 2-hour exercise below anaerobic threshold and canoeists - 20-min effort above anaerobic threshold. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), leptin, insulin, C-peptide, metabolic clearance of insulin, growth hormone (GH), somatomedin C (IGF1) and glycaemia were analysed. Values of NPY and GH measured directly after exercise were significantly higher than the values of these parameters at rest, in both groups. However, effort did not cause significant changes in leptin concentration and insulin clearance in both groups. Besides, it was shown that 20-min exercise had no influence on insulin concentration in canoeists blood. In these studies significantly lower IGF1 value during restitution than directly after exercise was also noted in the cyclists group. Relations between measured hormonal parameters indicate that some mechanisms, which supply the organism with necessary energetic substrates during the effort, and accelerate the restitution are activated

Chemical Composition and in Vitro Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Eucalyptus gillii Essential Oil and Extracts

In this study, essential oil and various extracts (hexane, petroleum ether, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water) of Eucalyptus gilii were screened for their chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The essential oil chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), respectively. Thirty four compounds were identified, corresponding to 99.5% of the total essential oil. Tannins [104.9-251.3 g catechin equivalent (CE)/Kg dry mass], flavonoids [3.3-34.3 g quercetin equivalent (QE)/Kg dry mass], phenolics [4.7-216.6 g gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/Kg dry mass] and anthocyannins [1.2-45.3 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent (C3GE)/Kg dry mass] of various extracts were investigated. Free radical scavenging capacity of all samples was determinedt. In the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the IC50 of essential oil was 163.5 ± 10.7 mg/L and in the 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate (ABTS) assay, it was 94.7 ± 7.1 mg/L. Among the various extracts, the water extract showed the best result (IC50 = 11.4 ± 0.6 mg/L) in the DPPH assay which was comparable to vitamin C (IC50 = 4.4 ± 0.2 mg/L). The antimicrobial activities were evaluated against different bacterial and fungal strains. Gram positive bacteria were found to be more sensitive to the essential oil and extracts than Gram negative ones. Anthocyanins seem to have a major effect on the growth of Bacillus subtilis (R2 = 0.79). A significant antifungal activity was observed against the yeast and fungi. Correlations between chemical composition and antioxidant activities were studied and R2 values were about 0.96 for the effect of phenolics on the DPPH assay

Exogenous steroid hormones stimulate full development of autonomous endosperm in Arabidopsis thaliana

Most flowering plants, including important crops, require double fertilization to form an embryo and endosperm, which nourishes it. Independence from fertilization is a feature of apomictic plants that produce seeds, from which the plants that are clones of the mother plant arise. The phenomenon of apomixis occurs in some sexual plants under specific circumstances. Since the launch of a fertilization-independent mechanism is considered a useful tool for plant breeding, there have been efforts to artificially induce apomixis. We have been able to produce fertilization-independent endosperm in vitro in Arabidopsis over the last few years. This paper demonstrates the methods of improving the quality of the endosperm obtained using plant and mammalian steroid hormones. Additionally, it shows the study on the autonomous endosperm (AE) formation mechanism in vitro.This paper examines the effect of exogenous steroid hormones on unfertilized egg and central cell divisions in culture of unpollinated pistils of Arabidopsis Col-0 wild-type and fie-1 mutant. All media with hormones used (estrone, androsterone, progesterone, and epibrassinolide) stimulated central cell divisions and fertilization-independent endosperm development. The stages of AE development followed the pattern of Arabidopsis thaliana wild type after fertilization. Subsequent stages of AE were observed from 2-nuclear up to cellular with the most advanced occurring on medium with 24-epibrassinolide and progesterone. The significant influence of mammalian sex hormones on speed of AE development and differentiation was noticed. Using restriction analysis, the changes in methylation of FIE gene was established under in vitro condition. The authors of this paper showed that Arabidopsis thaliana has a high potency to fertilization-independent development

Analysis of phenolic compounds from different morphological parts of Helichrysum devium by liquid chromatography with on-line UV and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection

A simple and rapid method has been used for the screening and identification of the main phenolic compounds from Helichrysum devium using high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line UV and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (LC-DAD/ESI-MS(n)). The total aerial parts and different morphological parts of the plant, namely leaves, flowers and stems, were analyzed separately. A total of 34 compounds present in the methanolic extract from Helichrysum devium were identified or tentatively characterized based on their UV and mass spectra and retention times. Three of these compounds were positively identified by comparison with reference standards. The phenolic compounds included derivatives of quinic acid, O-glycosylated flavonoids, a caffeic acid derivative and a protocatechuic acid derivative. The characteristic loss of 206 Da from malonylcaffeoyl quinic acid was used to confirm the malonyl linkage to the caffeoyl group. This contribution presents one of the first reports on the analysis of phenolic compounds from Helichrysum devium using LC-DAD/ESI-MS(n) and highlights the prominence of quinic acid derivatives as the main group of phenolic compounds present in these extracts. We also provide evidence that the methanolic extract from the flowers was significantly more complex when compared to that of other morphological parts.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Bio-augmentation of antioxidants and phenolic content of Lablab purpureus by solid state fermentation with GRAS filamentous fungi

The present study was conducted to find out the effect of solid state fermentation on release of phenolics and subsequently on improvement of antioxidant activity of fermented seed and flour of Lablab purpureus (seim), using GRAS filamentous fungi i.e. Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus oryzae. Significant increase in TPC level was observed on 5th day of fermentation of seed and flour with A. awamori and A. oryzae as compared to non-fermented ones. In DPPH and ABTS antioxidant assay, maximum activity was noticed in fermented ethanolic extract of seim seed with A. awamori and A. oryzae on 3rd and 4th day of incubation, respectively. The findings showed higher antioxidant activity formation in fermented seim seed than flour. Significant increase in enzyme activity of α-amylase was also contributed by SSF. This study demonstrated that fermented seed and flour of seim are better source of phytochemicals compared to the non-fermented ones

Antioxidant Activity of Mulberry Fruit Extracts

Phenolic compounds were extracted from the fruits of Morus nigra and Morus alba using methanol and acetone. The sugar-free extracts (SFEs) were prepared using Amberlite XAD-16 column chromatography. All of the SFEs exhibited antioxidant potential as determined by ABTS (0.75–1.25 mmol Trolox/g), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) (EC50 from 48 μg/mL to 79 μg/mL), and reducing power assays. However, a stronger activity was noted for the SFEs obtained from Morus nigra fruits. These extracts also possessed the highest contents of total phenolics: 164 mg/g (methanolic SFE) and 173 mg/g (acetonic SFE). The presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids in the extracts was confirmed using HPLC method and chlorogenic acid and rutin were found as the dominant phenolic constituents in the SFEs

Toxic Compound, Anti-Nutritional Factors and Functional Properties of Protein Isolated from Detoxified Jatropha curcas Seed Cake

Jatropha curcas is a multipurpose tree, which has potential as an alternative source for biodiesel. All of its parts can also be used for human food, animal feed, fertilizer, fuel and traditional medicine. J. curcas seed cake is a low-value by-product obtained from biodiesel production. The seed cake, however, has a high amount of protein, with the presence of a main toxic compound: phorbol esters as well as anti-nutritional factors: trypsin inhibitors, phytic acid, lectin and saponin. The objective of this work was to detoxify J. curcas seed cake and study the toxin, anti-nutritional factors and also functional properties of the protein isolated from the detoxified seed cake. The yield of protein isolate was approximately 70.9%. The protein isolate was obtained without a detectable level of phorbol esters. The solubility of the protein isolate was maximal at pH 12.0 and minimal at pH 4.0. The water and oil binding capacities of the protein isolate were 1.76 g water/g protein and 1.07 mL oil/g protein, respectively. The foam capacity and stability, including emulsion activity and stability of protein isolate, had higher values in a range of basic pHs, while foam and emulsion stabilities decreased with increasing time. The results suggest that the detoxified J. curcas seed cake has potential to be exploited as a novel source of functional protein for food applications