Self-quenching of fundamental phase and amplitude noise in semiconductor lasers with dispersive loss

We show theoretically that the incorporation of a frequency-dependent loss mechanism in a semiconductor laser can lead, in concert with the amplitude-to-phase coupling, to major reductions of the fundamental intensity and phase noise. A loss dispersion of the wrong sign, on the other hand, leads to an increase of the noise and, at a certain strength, to instability

Separation of Coupled Systems of Schrodinger Equations by Darboux transformations

Darboux transformations in one independent variable have found numerous applications in various field of mathematics and physics. In this paper we show that the extension of these transformations to two dimensions can be used to decouple systems of Schrodinger equations and provide explicit representation for three classes of such systems. We show also that there is an elegant relationship between these transformations and analytic complex matrix functions.Comment: 14 page

Quantum Dot Conjugates in Functional Imaging and Highly Sensitive Biochemical Assays

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are characterized by orders of magnitude higher multiphoton linear absorption cross-sections compared with conventional organic dyes. Combined with the QD photoluminescence quantum yield approaching 100%, this fact opens new prospects for the two-photon functional imaging of QDs tagged with highly specific recognition molecules, thus permitting high-quality images with a very low autofluorescence contribution to be obtained. Additionally, unique photostability of QDs enables signal accumulation and significant enhancement of the sensitivity of routine biochemical and immunohistochemical assays to be obtained when the conjugates of QDs, instead of organic dyes, are used. Keywords: Nanocrystals, semiconductor quantum dots, FRET, single-domain antibodies, imaging, multiphoton

STUDY OF THE EFFICIENCY OF SQUEEZING MOISTURE-SATURATED PRODUCTS

The leather industry includes many technological machines; a squeezing roller machine is used in many operations, for example, in squeezing, degreasing, and after drum dyeing of a semi-finished leather product. The paper presents the results of experimental studies obtained by determining the influence of multilayer wet leather semi-finished products with monshons under squeezing on the amount of the moisture extracted. Mathematical dependences of the amount of the moisture extracted, for each layer of a five-layer wet leather semi-finished product on the feed rate between the squeeze rollers and the roller pressure were obtained. Experimental research is of scientific and practical importance for the development of a technological process for extracting moisture from wet leather semi-finished products used in the tannery, since the quality of the extraction affects the quality of subsequent technological operations, such as leather shaping and splitting. An experimental study was performed using the method of mathematical statistics, namely, the method of mathematical planning of the experiment. Mathematical models were obtained for the amount of extracted moisture from five wet leather semi-finished products depending on the rate of their simultaneous feed and the pressure of the squeezing rollers. The results of the experiment showed that in squeezing a five-layer product, the productivity of the technological process of extracting moisture from wet leather semi-finished products increases by five times in comparison with existing squeezing roller machines. The use of the results of the experimental study will contribute to a significant reduction in the energy consumption of the squeezing roller machine by simultaneous multi-layer processing of wet leather semi-finished product

I-LOCALIZED SEQUENCES IN METRIC SPACES

In this paper we have introduced the I-localized and the I^{∗}-localized sequences in metric spaces and investigate some basics properties of the I-localized sequences related with I-Cauchy sequences. Also we have obtained some necessary and sufficient conditions for the I-localized sequences to be an I-Cauchy sequences. It is also defined uniformly the I-localized sequences on metric spaces and its relation with I-Cauchy sequences has been  obtained

(R1497) On the Invariant Subspaces of the Fractional Integral Operator

In operator theory, there is an important problem called the invariant subspace problem. This important problem of mathematics has been clear for more than half a century. However the solution seems to be nowhere in sight. With this motivation, we investigate the invariant subspaces of the fractional integral operator in the Banach space with certain conditions in this paper. Also by using the Duhamel product method, unicellularity of the fractional integral operator on some space is obtained and the description of the invariant subspaces is given

Drug prescribing patterns at primary health care level and related out-of-pocket expenditures in Tajikistan

Background: The Government of Tajikistan is reforming its health system to make access more equitable. Nonetheless, out-of-pocket expenditures (OPE) remain a key modality for purchasing health care. Drugs remain a major driver of household expenditures for health. We conducted a household survey to investigate drug prescribing patterns at primary health care (PHC) level as well as the related OPE. Methods: Adult patients in eight districts who had visited a PHC facility in the period March to May 2014 were interviewed at home, using a structured questionnaire. A descriptive analysis was conducted and regression models were constructed to identify factors influencing the number of drugs provided and the types of drugs prescribed. Results: There were 1281 (80.1 %) patients who received a drug prescription after visiting a doctor at PHC level. 16.2 % of them had five or more drugs prescribed concomitantly. The number of drugs prescribed to patients ranged from 0 to 8 and was statistically different across regions (RRS region =3.3; Khatlon region = 3.1; p = 0.05), after adjusting for age and sex. In 31.1 % of cases, prescriptions included an intra-venous (IV) injection; in 45.6 % of cases, a non-IV injection; in 52.9 % of cases, an antibiotic; and in 61.0 % of cases, vitamins. Patients suffering from a respiratory disease had higher odds of being prescribed an IV injection and antibiotics. Vitamins were widely prescribed across all diseases. In 94.5 % of cases, the patients interviewed procured at least one of the prescribed drugs. Among those who received a prescription, 2.0 % were not able to procure at least one drug due to a lack of money. In 94.9 % of cases, respondents reported purchasing drugs in private pharmacies. Median expenditures for drugs procured following consultation were 45 TS (US$6.9) corresponding to 77.6$ 8.8). Conclusions: In a context where OPE are important, drugs represent an important income source for health service providers. Such a situation does not favour rational prescribing nor efficient service delivery, and is potentially harmful for patients. In particular, the economic ramifications cause high levels of expenditure for patients and households with detrimental, knock-on effects in the more vulnerable segments of the population

Interdenominational consent as the stylobate for sustainable development tatarstan's experience

The relevance of the problem is based on the need to study and share the best practices in interdenominational relations against a backdrop of the global competitive environment on ethno-religious field. This article is aimed to disclosure the strength of interfaith consent in gaining sustainable development, and steps to set up traditions of peaceful coexistence between nations with due regard for national historical memory. The structural and functional approach and historical methods were adopted as key methods to review the given social phenomenon to reveal the stages to set up interdenominational complementary relations. The nature of scaling in interfaith relations is open as well as the significance of complementary intelligibility and social group behavior on the back of religion rebirth. The experience in creation of tolerant communities, ethno-confessional and mental environment is exhibited during post-Soviet period facing global changes in the Euro-Asia domain. This information might be useful for governmental and social institutes as well as become the basis of scientific methods and educational practices

Retinal Schiff base position relative to the surfaces of photoreceptor disk

AbstractSurface-enhanced Raman spectra of native and photobleached bovine rod outer segment disks as well as inside-out (inverted) photoreceptor disks adsorbed on silver hydrosol have been analyzed. Surface-enhanced spectra of inverted disks and disk-monoclonal antibody complexes reveal the short-range mechanism of enhancement. The distance between retinal Schiff base and the cytoplasmic side of native disk has been shown to be 5–10 Å