Forecasting temporal dynamics of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Northeast Brazil.

IntroductionCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne disease of increasing importance in northeastern Brazil. It is known that sandflies, which spread the causative parasites, have weather-dependent population dynamics. Routinely-gathered weather data may be useful for anticipating disease risk and planning interventions.Methodology/principal findingsWe fit time series models using meteorological covariates to predict CL cases in a rural region of Bahía, Brazil from 1994 to 2004. We used the models to forecast CL cases for the period 2005 to 2008. Models accounting for meteorological predictors reduced mean squared error in one, two, and three month-ahead forecasts by up to 16% relative to forecasts from a null model accounting only for temporal autocorrelation.SignificanceThese outcomes suggest CL risk in northeastern Brazil might be partially dependent on weather. Responses to forecasted CL epidemics may include bolstering clinical capacity and disease surveillance in at-risk areas. Ecological mechanisms by which weather influences CL risk merit future research attention as public health intervention targets

Differential impact of mass and targeted praziquantel delivery on schistosomiasis control in school-aged children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Schistosomiasis is a widespread public health concern in the poorest regions of the world. The principal control strategy is regular praziquantel administration to school-aged children in endemic areas. With calls for the elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem, expanding praziquantel delivery to all community members has been advocated. This systematic review and meta-analysis compares the impact of community-wide and child-targeted praziquantel distribution on schistosomiasis prevalence and intensity in school-aged children. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science to identify papers that reported schistosome prevalence before and after praziquantel administration, either to children only or to all community members. Extracted data included Schistosoma species, drug administration strategy, number of treatment rounds, follow-up interval and prevalence and intensity before and after treatment. We used inverse variance weighted generalised linear models to examine the impact of mass versus targeted drug administration on prevalence reduction, and weighted boxplots to examine the impact on infection intensity reduction. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018095377. In total, 34 articles were eligible for systematic review and 28 for meta-analysis. Schistosoma mansoni was reported in 20 studies; Schistosoma haematobium in 19 studies, and Schistosoma japonicum in two studies. Results of generalised linear models showed no detectable difference between mass and targeted treatment strategies on prevalence reduction in school-aged children for S. mansoni (odds ratio 0.47, 95%CI 0.13-1.68, p = 0.227) and S. haematobium (0.41, 95%CI 0.06-3.03, p = 0.358). Box plots also showed no apparent differences in intensity reduction between the two treatment strategies. The results of this meta-analysis do not support the hypothesis that community-wide treatment is more effective than targeted treatment at reducing schistosomiasis infections in children. This may be due to the relatively small number of included studies, insufficient treatment coverage, persistent infection hotspots and unmeasured confounders. Further field-based studies comparing mass and targeted treatment are required

CrY2H-seq: a massively multiplexed assay for deep-coverage interactome mapping.

Broad-scale protein-protein interaction mapping is a major challenge given the cost, time, and sensitivity constraints of existing technologies. Here, we present a massively multiplexed yeast two-hybrid method, CrY2H-seq, which uses a Cre recombinase interaction reporter to intracellularly fuse the coding sequences of two interacting proteins and next-generation DNA sequencing to identify these interactions en masse. We applied CrY2H-seq to investigate sparsely annotated Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factors interactions. By performing ten independent screens testing a total of 36 million binary interaction combinations, and uncovering a network of 8,577 interactions among 1,453 transcription factors, we demonstrate CrY2H-seq's improved screening capacity, efficiency, and sensitivity over those of existing technologies. The deep-coverage network resource we call AtTFIN-1 recapitulates one-third of previously reported interactions derived from diverse methods, expands the number of known plant transcription factor interactions by three-fold, and reveals previously unknown family-specific interaction module associations with plant reproductive development, root architecture, and circadian coordination

Practices in radiopharmacy: Is the use of a breathing needle a concern on the radiochemical purity of 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals?

This article was retracted on 05 February 2014The action of collecting the patient’s individual doses isn’t subjected to any followed protocol, unlike most practices in the Nuclear Medicine department. In certain departments, the individual doses are withdrawn by perforating the rubber septum at every dose while others choose to keep a needle in the kit to avoid multiple perforations. Radiochemical purity is typically the primary concern for 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals so the potential presence of impurities will affect the radiochemical stability of the radiopharmaceutical and, after being injected to a patient, result in an altered biodistribution and poor image quality. Therefore, it’s important to verify every practice used on the product, which results in a need to learn if the needle kept in the kit at some departments is affecting the radiopharmaceutical’s stability. It is aimed to disseminate the results obtained on a large study performed to evaluate whether there is any correlation between keeping the needle in the kit, during the clinical practice and during the stability period of two different radiopharmaceuticals.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ocular Toxoplasmosis Reactivation During Pregnancy – A Case Report

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii and may be acquired from food or water contaminated with cat feces or by vertical transmission. Severe fetal complications can overcome during pregnancy. There are also rare case-reports of congenital toxoplasmosis from previously immunized pregnant women; usually these women being had prior retinal toxoplasmic lesions. Immunosuppresion is one of the risk factors which accounts for some of these cases. Case report: 30 year-old pregnant woman, OI 2002, brazilian, previously healthy, admitted in Ophtalmology Department because of sudden left eye amaurosis in June, 2010. The fundoscopy revealed retinal scars suggesting previous infections; she was treated with corticoids and spiramycin for ocular toxoplasmosis reactivation. Previous serum analysis (2008) showed immunity to T. Gondii, but in July the IgM was negative and high levels of specific IgG were found (1227UI/mL). The serologic findings were later confirmed by a more accurate laboratory technique which found the IgM to be also positive. An amniocentesis was performed and it was negative for fetal transmission. Clinical and ultrasound follow-up throughout the rest of the gestational period was normal; daily spiramycin intake was maintained. An uneventful term delivery was performed. Neither the newborn’s serum analysis nor the histopathological study of the placenta were positive for congenital infection. Conclusion: Toxoplasmosis reactivation in pregnant women without immunosuppression is rare but is more likely to occur if previous post-infectious retinal scars are present. T. gondii infection is endemic in Brazil, so the geographical origin is important. If risk factors are present, fundoscopy should be performed every three months during pregnancy and one should always be aware of any visual symptoms. If you suspect reactivation, start medical prophylaxis for fetal transmission, perform amniocentesis and regular ultrasound follow-up

Comparison of the transcriptional landscapes between human and mouse tissues

Although the similarities between humans and mice are typically highlighted, morphologically and genetically, there are many differences. To better understand these two species on a molecular level, we performed a comparison of the expression profiles of 15 tissues by deep RNA sequencing and examined the similarities and differences in the transcriptome for both protein-coding and -noncoding transcripts. Although commonalities are evident in the expression of tissue-specific genes between the two species, the expression for many sets of genes was found to be more similar in different tissues within the same species than between species. These findings were further corroborated by associated epigenetic histone mark analyses. We also find that many noncoding transcripts are expressed at a low level and are not detectable at appreciable levels across individuals. Moreover, the majority lack obvious sequence homologs between species, even when we restrict our attention to those which are most highly reproducible across biological replicates. Overall, our results indicate that there is considerable RNA expression diversity between humans and mice, well beyond what was described previously, likely reflecting the fundamental physiological differences between these two organisms

Polypropylene Filled with Glass Microspheres (Glass Bubbles™): Obtaining a Syntactic Foam

Syntactic foams are foams where the cells (empty spaces) are created by hollow glass or polymeric spheres with diameters in the range of 10 to 100 µm. The use of Glass BubblesTM is suitable for obtaining low-density syntactic polypropylene foam without great loss in mechanical properties. The hollow spaces in PP syntactic foams may also improve the thermal insulating properties, in addition to isotropy and better surface finishing, due to the presence of the spherical filler. The main steps of this work included preliminary experiments using a torque rheometer to determine the resistance of the spheres to a minimum shear; obtaining the material in a pilot scale using a Single Screw Extruder, followed by pelletization of the material and injection of test specimens. Also, the analysis of homogeneity of the composites and the degree of interaction between polymeric matrix/filler in the presence or absence of functionalization agents was done with Scanning Electron Microscopy.Espumas sintáticas são materiais cujas células são formadas por esferas ocas, de vidro ou poliméricas, com diâmetros na faixa de 10 a 100 µm. A utilização de Glass BubblesTM para a obtenção de espumas sintáticas de polipropileno é uma opção para obter material de baixa densidade sem grande perda de propriedades mecânicas. Os espaços vazios no material também melhoram as propriedades de isolamento térmico. Além disso, o formato esférico da carga promove distribuição isotrópica de tensões e melhor acabamento superficial das peças. As principais etapas deste trabalho foram: experimentos preliminares em um reômetro de torque para determinar a resistência das esferas a um mínimo de cisalhamento; extrusão do material em escala piloto, utilizando uma extrusora mono-rosca, seguida por peletização e injeção de corpos-de-prova; análise da homogeneidade dos compósitos e do grau de interação entre a matriz polimérica e a carga na presença e na ausência de agentes de funcionalização, através de microscopia ótica de varredura.130137Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP