An inquiry into food price information : specials and nonspecials

The major objectives of this study were to determine the food price information available to consumers, to determine factors which influence consumers' choices, to determine what home economics teachers teach on how to get the most for the food dollar, to determine teachers' and consumers' awareness of the Consumer Price Finder Program, and to determine teachers' and consumers' definitions of a food special and how to identify a special in a newspaper advertisement. The data were obtained from two populations: 39 secondary school home economics teachers from Guilford and Mecklenburg Counties in North Carolina, and 150 consumers from six intact community groups in the Greensboro, North Carolina, area. All participants were volunteer subjects who lived in areas where the Consumer Price Finder Program was available. Two questionnaires were developed to collect the needed data from the teachers and the consumers. The data were analyzed descriptively

A comparison of scholastic achievements of married and unmarried high school students

Following World War II, American colleges and universities coped with a new problem as married veterans enrolled in large numbers. That enrollment is now an expected trend. One college recently reported a rise in the past ten years from five to almost 25 per cent of its students married. At the present time 20 per cent who graduate from that college marry during their enrollment.1 Havemann reported that University of California administrators expect the proportion of married students to rise by 50 to 75 per cent in the next ten years.2 A report from the Bureau of the Census stated that one fourth, or 24 per cent, of the college students in the United States in October, 1956, were married and living with their spouses.3 Those students and families have become such an accepted part of most larger campuses that planning for the future has included their peculiar needs

Maximally connected topological spaces

A connected topological space is called maximally connected if every proper expansion of this space is disconnected. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the existance of and the properties of maximally connected topological spaces. For many years it was unknown whether or not there existed maximally connected Hausdorff spaces. Particular interest concerning maximally connected Hausdorff spaces settled around the existance of a maximally connected expansion of the usual topology on the set of real numbers. Recently, in fact during the writing of this thesis, this problem was solved independently by J. A. Guthrie, H. E. Stone, and Wage. All three men have constructed examples of maximally connected Hausdorff spaces. Regretably, none of these have been published at the time of this writing

Study of Y*l (1385) decay modes

The purpose of this study was to investigate the processes for the three body productions near the 1.670 GeV center of mass energy region. The processes studied included the quasi two body mode, i.e. K¯p ? Y1*n, pure phase space production and combinations of the two processes

Predicting social-skill proficiency in young children from adult ratings of children's instrumental competence

One purpose of the present investigation was to examine the measurement properties (i.e., factor structure and reliability) of the COMPSCALE instrument designed by Lange, MacKinnon, and Nida (in press). In view of Lange et al.'s attempt to design items that assess instrumentality, it was expected that the majority of COMPSCALE items would load on a single factor, and the Cronbach alpha coefficient would reveal strong correlations among COMPSCALE items. A second purpose of the present study was to examine the predictive power of the COMPSCALE relative to traditional measures of competent functioning (i.e. the Kohn Social Competence Scale- Preschool and the Detroit Test of Learning Aptitude-Primary). These general indices of competent development were examined as predictors of four social outcome measures. A sociometric rating scale of children's popularity with peers (Asher, Singleton, Tinsley, & Hymel, 1979) was used to assess the effectiveness of children's social skills. Rubin's (1982a, 1982b) measure of social problem-solving (both categories and flexibility) was used to assess children's social knowledge. Gratch's (1964) "penny task" was used to assess children's perspective-taking ability

Bi-topological spaces

Kelly initiated the study of bi-topological spaces in [3]. In this paper the concepts of pairwise-T, pairwise regular, pairwise Hausdorff, quasi-pseudo-metrizable, and quasi-metrizable are introduced, and the following theorem is proved. Theorem. If (X, P, Q) is a pairwise regular bi-topological space satisfying the second axiom of countability, then (X, P, Q) is quasi-pseudo-metrizable. If in addition (X, P, Q) is pairwise Hausdorff, it is quasi-metrizable. The concepts underlying the above definitions do not easily rarry over to concepts such as pairwise compact, pairwise connected, and pairwise continuous, as is partially demonstrated in [2]. This author was therefore led to investigate other possible ways for defining properties in bi-topological spaces. One idea investigated was that of bi-open sets. A similar idea has recently been studied in [1]. It is the purpose of this paper to introduce the concept of bi-open sets in bi-topological spaces and to demonstrate how properties of topological spaces can easily be expressed for bi-topological spaces

Conformity Behavior In Schizophrenics

The present study addressed the question of conformity behavior in schizophrenia. Fenichel (1945), Cameron (1947), and Mowrer (1950) theorized that schizophrenia entails reduced monitoring of the external world. As conformity behavior is based largely upon awareness of the external world, it follows that schizophrenia should be accompanied by reduced conformity behavior. A number of studies researching the above hypothesis were examined. These studies reported mixed results. The methodologies used in these studies were compared and contrasted in an attempt to explain their inconsistent results. Many inconsistencies were found, but no single pattern appeared that could account for the varied, past results. Thus, the present study selected and examined one promising variable, confederate status, and incorporated a previously neglected matching dimension, verbal intelligence

A process-focused feasibility study of At the Core : a physical activity promotion program for people with multiple sclerosis

People who live with Multiple Sclerosis tend to be less physically active (PA) than age matched peers. Physical activity promotion programs that target physical inactivity, build self-efficacy for PA, and educate on how to be physically active are needed for this population. Content experts and people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) were invited to complete surveys to review At the Core. Survey respondents who were also pwMS were then invited to participate in a focus group. People with MS were also recruited to participate in 2 weeks of the At the Core program, which was preceded by pre-testing and followed by post-testing. Survey participants included 17 pwMS and 12 content experts. The focus group from survey participants consisted of 2 pwMS. Two pwMS participated in the small-scale study implementation and following focus group. Likert ratings from the survey and participant step counts from the implementation study were analyzed descriptively. Responses from open-ended survey questions and both focus groups were analyzed using Atlas.ti. Field notes were also taken during the implementation study. Trustworthiness was established through data triangulation of the survey, open ended, focus group data and field notes. Three main themes were identified as positive program attributes, suggested changes, and physical activity behavior. Overall, based on feedback from both surveys and focus groups, the program was found to be feasible with the need for minor modifications

Acidente com material perfurocortante entre profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital universitário

Os riscos ocupacionais a que os profissionais da equipe de enfermagem estão sujeitos no desempenho de suasfunções são consideráveis. Assim estabeleceu-se como objetivo deste estudo analisar os acidentes perfurocortantesno período de 2002 a 2006, envolvendo a equipe de enfermagem de um hospital universitário, para compreender ocontexto em que ocorrem. A utilização destas informações pode ser ferramenta de prevenção. Estudo descritivo,retrospectivo quantitativo e qualitativo. Na análise quantitativa foi utilizada estatística descritiva e na qualitativao discurso do sujeito coletivo. Por meio das fichas de notificação do Núcleo de Vigilância Epidemiológica doHospital, foi possível identificar acidentes do gênero no período pesquisado. Entrevistas foram direcionadas àsvítimas de acidentes que tiveram como paciente-fonte portador de Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana, hepatite B e C. Os achados demonstraram que ainda persiste um grau significativodo desconhecimento ou banalização dos acidentes entre profissionais da saúde

Sphingomyelin Functions as a Novel Receptor for Helicobacter pylori VacA

The vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori binds and enters epithelial cells, ultimately resulting in cellular vacuolation. Several host factors have been reported to be important for VacA function, but none of these have been demonstrated to be essential for toxin binding to the plasma membrane. Thus, the identity of cell surface receptors critical for both toxin binding and function has remained elusive. Here, we identify VacA as the first bacterial virulence factor that exploits the important plasma membrane sphingolipid, sphingomyelin (SM), as a cellular receptor. Depletion of plasma membrane SM with sphingomyelinase inhibited VacA-mediated vacuolation and significantly reduced the sensitivity of HeLa cells, as well as several other cell lines, to VacA. Further analysis revealed that SM is critical for VacA interactions with the plasma membrane. Restoring plasma membrane SM in cells previously depleted of SM was sufficient to rescue both toxin vacuolation activity and plasma membrane binding. VacA association with detergent-resistant membranes was inhibited in cells pretreated with SMase C, indicating the importance of SM for VacA association with lipid raft microdomains. Finally, VacA bound to SM in an in vitro ELISA assay in a manner competitively inhibited by lysenin, a known SM-binding protein. Our results suggest a model where VacA may exploit the capacity of SM to preferentially partition into lipid rafts in order to access the raft-associated cellular machinery previously shown to be required for toxin entry into host cells