43 research outputs found
Quest for hyperheavy toroidal nuclei
We investigate the possibility of observing toroidal breakup configurations in Au+Au collisions using the CHIMERA multidetector system. BUU simulations indicate that the threshold energy for toroidal configuration
formation is around 23 MeV/nucleon. The simulations of the Decay process using the static model code ETNA indicate the sensitivity of some observables to different studied break-up geometries
Deformation effects in Ni nuclei produced in Si+Si at 112 MeV
Velocity and energy spectra of the light charged particles (protons and
-particles) emitted in the Si(E = 112 MeV) + Si
reaction have been measured at the Strasbourg VIVITRON Tandem facility. The
ICARE charged particle multidetector array was used to obtain exclusive spectra
of the light particles in the angular range 15 - 150 degree and to determine
the angular correlations of these particles with respect to the emission angles
of the evaporation residues. The experimental data are analysed in the
framework of the statistical model. The exclusive energy spectra of
-particles emitted from the Si + Si compound system are
generally well reproduced by Monte Carlo calculations using spin-dependent
level densities. This spin dependence approach suggests the onset of large
deformations at high spin. A re-analysis of previous -particle data
from the Si + Si compound system, using the same spin-dependent
parametrization, is also presented in the framework of a general discussion of
the occurrence of large deformation effects in the A ~ 60 mass region.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figure
Correlation Functions for Diffusion-Limited Annihilation, A + A -> 0
The full hierarchy of multiple-point correlation functions for
diffusion-limited annihilation, A + A -> 0, is obtained analytically and
explicitly, following the method of intervals. In the long time asymptotic
limit, the correlation functions of annihilation are identical to those of
coalescence, A + A -> A, despite differences between the two models in other
statistical measures, such as the interparticle distribution function
Global characteristics of (197)Au+ (197)Au collisions at 23 AMeV
We present the current status of nuclear dynamics studies performed by the BREAKUP group with the 4 pi CHIMERA array, for the system Au-197 + Au-197 at 23 AMeV
Fusion and Binary-Decay Mechanisms in the Cl+Mg System at E/A 8 MeV/Nucleon
Compound-nucleus fusion and binary-reaction mechanisms have been investigated
for the Cl+Mg system at an incident beam energy of E= 282
MeV. Charge distributions, inclusive energy spectra, and angular distributions
have been obtained for the evaporation residues and the binary fragments.
Angle-integrated cross sections have been determined for evaporation residues
from both the complete and incomplete fusion mechanisms. Energy spectra for
binary fragment channels near to the entrance-channel mass partition are
characterized by an inelastic contribution that is in addition to a fully
energy damped component. The fully damped component which is observed in all
the binary mass channels can be associated with decay times that are comparable
to, or longer than the rotation period. The observed mass-dependent cross
sections for the fully damped component are well reproduced by the fission
transition-state model, suggesting a fusion followed by fission origin. The
present data cannot, however, rule out the possibility that a long-lived
orbiting mechanism accounts for part or all of this yield.Comment: 41 pages standard REVTeX file, 14 Figures available upon request -
25 Years of Self-organized Criticality: Concepts and Controversies
Introduced by the late Per Bak and his colleagues, self-organized criticality (SOC) has been one of the most stimulating concepts to come out of statistical mechanics and condensed matter theory in the last few decades, and has played a significant role in the development of complexity science. SOC, and more generally fractals and power laws, have attracted much comment, ranging from the very positive to the polemical. The other papers (Aschwanden et al. in Space Sci. Rev., 2014, this issue; McAteer et al. in Space Sci. Rev., 2015, this issue; Sharma et al. in Space Sci. Rev. 2015, in preparation) in this special issue showcase the considerable body of observations in solar, magnetospheric and fusion plasma inspired by the SOC idea, and expose the fertile role the new paradigm has played in approaches to modeling and understanding multiscale plasma instabilities. This very broad impact, and the necessary process of adapting a scientific hypothesis to the conditions of a given physical system, has meant that SOC as studied in these fields has sometimes differed significantly from the definition originally given by its creators. In Bak’s own field of theoretical physics there are significant observational and theoretical open questions, even 25 years on (Pruessner 2012). One aim of the present review is to address the dichotomy between the great reception SOC has received in some areas, and its shortcomings, as they became manifest in the controversies it triggered. Our article tries to clear up what we think are misunderstandings of SOC in fields more remote from its origins in statistical mechanics, condensed matter and dynamical systems by revisiting Bak, Tang and Wiesenfeld’s original papers
Two-stage description of charge distributions in
Spallation reactions are studied in the framework of a two-stage model. The intra-nuclear cascade (INC) stage of the reaction is simulated with the code ISABEL and a Constrained Molecular Dynamics (CoMD) code. The de-excitation of the highly excited pre-fragments is described with the multi-sequential binary decay code MECO, based on a generalized Weisskopf-Ewing formalism. Emission of nucleons, gamma rays and IMFs in their ground, excited bound and unbound states is considered. Calculated cross sections are compared with the experimental charge distributions of 56Fe + p spallation reaction products studied at GSI with the fragment separator FRS in the energy-range 0.3 − 1.5 GeV/A. At all bombarding energies, a good description of the experimental data is obtained with ISABEL-MECO using a global set of parameters. A preliminary calculation with CoMD-MECO at 1GeV/A is discussed
Microscopic description of proton-induced spallation reactions with the constrained molecular dynamics (CoMD) model
We studied the complete dynamics of the proton-induced spallation process with the microscopic framework of the constrained molecular dynamics (CoMD) model. We performed calculations of proton-induced spallation reactions on 181Ta, 208Pb, and 238U targets with the CoMD model and compared the results with a standard two-step approach based on an intranuclear cascade model followed by a statistical deexcitation model. The calculations were also compared with recent experimental data from the literature. Our calculations showed agreement with some aspects of the experimental data and suggest further improvements in the models. We point out that this CoMD study represents the first complete dynamical description of spallation reactions with a microscopic N-body approach and may lead to advancements in the physics-based modeling of the spallation process. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd
Stability criteria and fluctuations around nonequilibrium states
A stochastic formulation of the stability of, nonequilibrium states is discussed. An entropy balance equation, including the effect of both the macroscopic evolution and of the fluctuations is derived. In the linear region of thermodynamics Prigogine's minimum entropy production, theorem is extended to include the effect of fluctuations. The latter are shown to reïnforce the return of the system to its steady state distribution. © 1984 Springer-Verlag.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe