13 research outputs found
Variação genética de componentes do crescimento em progénies jovens de uma população de clones de seringueira
A Simple Effective Clean Practice Protocol Significantly Improves Hand Decontamination and Infection Control Measures in the Acute Surgical Setting
Influence of trampling-induced microtopography on growth of the soil crust bryophyte Ceratodon purpureus
Afforestation using micro-catchment water harvesting system with microphytic crust treatment on semi-arid Loess Plateau: A preliminary result
OARSI Clinical Trials Recommendations: Design and conduct of implementation trials of interventions for osteoarthritis
Acid-base and bio-energetics during balanced versus unbalanced normovolaemic haemodilution
Fluids balanced to avoid acid-base disturbances may be preferable to saline, which causes metabolic acidosis in high volume. We evaluated acid-base and bio-energetic effects of haemodilution with a crystalloid balanced on physical chemical principles, versus crystalloids causing metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis. Anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated Sprague-Dawley rats (n=32, allocated to four groups) underwent six exchanges of 9 ml crystalloids for 3 ml/blood. Exchange was with one of three crystalloids with strong ion difference (SID) values of 0, 24 (balanced) and 40 mEq/l. Controls did not undergo haemodilution. Mean haemoglobin concentration fell 11 to approximately 50 g/l after haemodilution. With SID 24 mEq/l fluid, metabolic acid-base remained unchanged. Dilution with SID 0 mEq/l and 40 mEq/l fluids caused a progressive metabolic acidosis and alkalosis respectively. Standard base excess (SBE) and haemoglobin concentration were directly con-elated in the SID 0 mEq/l group (R-2 = 0.61), indirectly correlated in the SBE 40 mEq/1 group (R-2 = 0.48) and showed no correlation in the SID 24 mEq/l group (R-2=0.003). There were no significant differences between final ileal values of CO2 gap, nucleotides concentration, energy charge, or luminal lactate concentration. SID 40 mEq/l crystalloid dilution caused a significant rise in subcutaneous lactate. In this group mean kidney ATP concentration was significantly less than controls and renal energy charge significantly lower than SID 0 mEq/l and control groups. We conclude that a crystalloid SID of 24 mEq/l provides balanced haemodilution. Bio-eneigetic perturbations with higher SID haemodilution may be more severe and need further investigation