The concept of special escrow accounts to improve mortgage housing loans in Russia

Purpose: The article aims to identify and evaluate the key determinants of improving mortgage lending in Russia. Increasing the participation of financial institutions in the application of escrow accounts is of paramount importance in terms of fine-tuning the process of improving mortgage lending in Russia. Design/Methodology/Approach: In order to further improve housing mortgage lending, it seems necessary: firstly, to identify new opportunities that contribute to the development of a system of interaction between credit and financial organizations and borrowers in terms of using the innovative functions of escrow accounts; secondly, to highlight the functions, during the application of which the increase in the efficiency of the escrow account mechanism will be optimal; thirdly, to formulate recommendations on the implementation of the necessary changes in the process of applying escrow accounts, taking into account the peculiarities of mortgage lending in Russia. Findings: To fully take into account the potential impact of special escrow accounts on the process of interaction between the lender and the borrower, an additional escrow account functionality was developed, aimed at improving mortgage lending. Practical Implications: The results of the study can be put into practice in order to expand the range of escrow account functions used in the process of mortgage lending in Russia. Originality/Value: The main contribution of this study is the emphasis on the need to introduce innovative approaches to increase the functionality of escrow accounts used in the process of mortgage lending in Russia.peer-reviewe

RESEARCH IN SENSITIVITY TO ANTIBIOTICS, ANTISEPTICS IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA STRAINS ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS

Background. Infections caused by Pseudomonas are one of the topical issues of medicine.Objective. The aim of the research was to study sensityvity to antibiotics, antiseptics of P. aeruginosa clinical strains that cause infectious complications in patients with burns.Methods. Microbiological study of biological material, received from 435 patients with burns of the 3rd-4th stages (2011-2015 years). In early terms of burn disease 127 clinical strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated from patients. Standard methods were used to identify clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa by their morphological, tinctirial, culture and biochemical properties. The research of antimicrobial action of antiseptics, antibiotics against Pseudomonas were carried out by means of standard methods according to the Directive of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (No. 167 from 05.04.2007 р.) and guidelines of National Committee of Clinical and Laboratory Study (NCCLS, 2002).Results. It was established that P. aeruginosa caused infectious complications in 23.9% of patients among other pathogens. Clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were found to be low sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanate (30.76%), ceftazidime (25.92%), cefoperazonum/sulbactam (46.15%), aztreonam (51.85%), tobramycin (38.46%), amicacin (70.34%), doxiciclini (26.92%), fluoroquinolones (59.26%). The analitical progistic criteria of decrease of sensitivity to ceftazidime, cefepim, meropenem and gatifloxacin were found in P. aeruginosa. This pathogen was determined to be sensitive to decasan ®, antimicrobial composition of decamethoxine ®, iodine pvidone.Conclusions. Clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, being highly resistant to antibiotics, are also very sensitive to antiseptics decasan ®, antimicrobial of decamethoxine®, povidone iodine

The study of antimicrobial properties of film materials based on biopolymers and antiseptics

The development of new biomaterials with improved properties is becoming increasingly important in a wide range of applications. However, some of the most sought-after properties are anti-microbial properties, which can help prevent unwanted wound infections, especially in the face of growing antibiotic resistance of bacteria. The aim of the study was to study the effect of antimicrobial biomaterials based on calcium alginate, as a polymer system of local prolonged delivery of quaternary ammonium compounds, on reference and clinical strains of microorganisms. Samples of antimicrobial biomaterials contained decamethoxin (0.03-0.07 wt%), and polymers (polyvinyl alcohol and calcium alginate). Reference and clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used for the study. The sensitivity of strains of microorganisms was determined by the disk-diffusion method according to the generally accepted method. The result of antimicrobial activity was assessed after 24 hours. The mean (M), the mean error of the mean (± m), and the criterion for the significance of differences (p) were calculated. The presence of differences between the research data was assessed by the Student's t-criterion. The results were considered reliable at p<0.05. High antimicrobial properties of the studied samples of antimicrobial biomaterials based on calcium alginate and decamethoxin have been established. It was revealed that the samples of polymeric biomaterials have a higher activity against gram-positive microorganisms compared to gram-negative strains. The composition is not inferior to the antimicrobial effect of a solution of decamethoxin and chlorhexidine in relation to all strains of microorganisms

Effects of orientation at the phthalocyanine-CdSe interface on the electron transfer characteristics

A phthalocyanine molecule adsorbed on the (1010) surface of wurtzite CdSe is theoretically modeled by the DFT method. We have found that a linker does not affect substantially the redox properties of phthalocyanine, while saturation of the macrocycle with peripheral substituent groups causes a downward shift in the energy position of its frontier orbitals that can hinder electron injection to the CdSe surface. Tilting of the phthalocyanine molecule relative to the surface also leads to the lowering of its molecular electronic levels relative to the bands of CdSe. At a tilting angle of 30°, the LUMO level of the dye appears to be lower than the conduction band minimum of cadmium selenide, which makes the electron transfer to its hybridized surface unfavorable. By contrast, the HOMO level of the phenylbutyric acid linker provides a suitable intermediate channel for the hole transfer from the valence band of CdSe to the phthalocyanine that points to the possible acceptor behavior of the phthalocyanine molecule in its hybrids with CdSe nanostructures.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe

Modern Aspects of Atibiotic Sensitivity of Prominent Pathogens of Infectious Complications.

In the research antibiotic sensitivity of opportunistic pathogens was studied. In 2011-2015 from 405 patients with burns there were isolated clinical strains of S. aureus (n 130), P. aeruginosa (n 127), A. baumannii (n 176), being the prominent pathogens of infectious complications. Clinical strains of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii obtained all morphological, tentorial, cultural and biochemical qualities, typical for these species of bacteria. On the basis of the received results there wascarried out approximation and interpolation of these data, dynamic prognostic indexes of changes in S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii antibiotic sensitivity were obtained. Low sensitivity to ampicillini/sulbactam (58,63±8,58%), ceftriaxone (55,75±14,24%), gentamicin (57,92±10,76%), tobramycin (64,67±10,3%) in clinical strains of S. аureus was proved. Prognostic optimizations of S. аureus sensitivity to amoxicillini/clavulanat (82,35%), gatifloxacin (94,12%) were determined. Clinical strains of P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii were shown to have low sensitivity to ceftazidime, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam(20,08±2,98%; 48,88±6,49%, respectively). Progressive decrease of sensitivity to amikacin in P. aeruginosa (29,77±7,55%), A. baumannii (17,0±1,34 %) and to gatifloxacin in P. aeruginosa (28,53±1,35%), isolated from patients with burns were determined

Photoreactions of macrocyclic dyes on (1010) wurtzite surface – Interplay between conformation and electronic effects

Macrocyclic dyes such as phthalocyanine and porphyrin molecules are modeled on (10110) wurzite surfaces using the DFT and molecular dynamics approaches. It is found that the single dye anchored on the wurtzite surface stabilizes in an inclined geometry with its core facing the surface at a tilting angle of ca 60 ∘ . The tilting of the dye relative to the crystal surface has a dual effect on the charge transfer from a chromophore to the semiconductor. Increasing the tilting angle leads to a stronger coupling between the lowest level of the semiconductor conduction band and dye’s LUMO, thus raising the tunneling probability of the electron injection. By contrast, the electrostatic interaction between units upon the tilting of macrocycles results in a lowering of the molecule LUMO level with respect to the conduction band minimum of the wurzite crystal, which may hinder the electron transfer. The type of a linker and peripheral substituents significantly affect the mutual conformation of the moieties, and their proper choice can facilitate the photoinduced charge transfer reactions.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Chemical properties and methods of analysis of refractory compounds

Reactions involving refractory metals and the alloys based on them are discussed. Chemical, electrochemical, photometric, spectrophotometric, and X-ray analysis are among the methods described for analyzing the results of the reactions and for determining the chemical properties of these materials