Религиоведение в высшей школе: сравнительный анализ содержания учебных изданий

The problem of the content of educational publications for university students on religious studies, recently published, is an important and urgent research problem, as it shows the dependence of their content on sociocultural changes taking place in the field of domestic religious studies: object, research methodology, scientific approaches and principles. Research Methods. To identify factors affecting the content of educational publications, a comparative analysis was carried out (total number - 38) according to the criteria: time of publication of the educational publication; orientation of the educational publication (specialty, field of study, level of education); structure of religious studies as a system of knowledge about religion; the definition of religion as a basic concept; neutrality of the position of the authors of educational publications in relation to a particular religion. Textbooks and teaching aids prepared by teams of authors and published in large Russian publishing houses or in university publishing houses were analyzed. Research results and discussion. Based on the analysis, the evolution of the content of educational publications, its correlation with the ongoing sociocultural changes and vectors of the study of religion in Russian and foreign science is shown. Changes in the structure of knowledge and the field of religious studies, differences in the ways of presenting material were revealed; the applied character of some sections for students of the areas of "Law", "Social Work" is noted, taking into account the features of future professional activity. There are fixed differences in the "neutrality" of the author's position in relation to a particular religion, and equidistance from religious institutions or faiths. Conclusions. Russian educational publications on religious studies have undergone significant ideological and substantial changes since the Soviet era of scientific atheism. In the studied Russian educational publications, there is a systematic knowledge of religion that has been established in the academic community of religious scholars. However, the share of new contemporary topics about religion of a debatable nature is not high. It was revealed that the authors of educational publications, affiliated with major religious centers, occupy an objective, neutral position in the description of religions and faiths. The subjectivity, the lack of neutrality of the authors, as well as a certain non-observance of the secular nature of higher education in Russia was found in educational publications of institutions that do not have specialized departments of religious studies. The organization of material in educational publications makes it difficult for students to independently compare religions. © 2020 LLC Ecological Help. All rights reserved

Inclusive education at school: Contradictions and problems of organizing an accessible environment (for example, schools in the Russian Federation)

The system of Russian school education is moving from a medical understanding of disability to a social one - a model of social inclusion. The purpose of the article: to investigate the contradictions in development and the current state of the accessible educational environment in inclusive and mass schools, as well as in specialized schools with adaptive programs. To collect and analyze the databases, a qualitative strategy was used a series of semi-formalized interviews, the objects of which were both teachers of inclusive, correctional and mass schools, and parents raising children with disabilities (for example, Yekaterinburg). There are fixed contradictions and problems in the implementation of inclusive education: the incompetence of teachers (discriminatory attitudes, psychological unreadiness), methodological insecurity, the content of continuing education programs and professional retraining of teachers without taking into account the needs of the educational institution; lack of continuity of preschool and school education (system of preparing children with disabilities for school). The importance of the conceptual restructuring of the inclusion system in the Russian school was established taking into account the value component (tolerant attitudes of both children, parents and the entire teaching staff; psychological readiness for communication and interaction), rather than infrastructural. © 2019 LLC Ecological Help. All rights reserved

ТЕПЛООТДАЧА НА БОКОВОЙ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ РАБОЧЕГО ОБЪЕМА ЦИКЛОННЫХ КАМЕР С ДВУСТОРОННИМИ НЕСИММЕТРИЧНЫМИ ВВОДОМ И ВЫВОДОМ ГАЗОВ

The heat dissipation on the lateral surface of the cyclone chamber working volume with asymmetrical input and output of gases is considered in the present paper in contrast to the previously executed [1–10]. The relative values of input gas flow and the relative diameters of the outlet are different in each of the halves of the working volume. The heat dissipation by convection to the swirling airflow was studied by the method of variation of the aggregate state of the heating agent – water vapor slightly superheated (at 2–3 °С) condensation. Collecting the condensate produced from the work site through a water lock, providing maintaining of constant pressure in the calorimeter. The quantity of heat transmitted during the experiment was determined by the amount of collected condensate.In the experiments on the camera with two-sided asymmetric output relative gas outlet diameter on one side of the camera varied Relative diameter of the outlet on the other hand remained constant. In the experiences on the camera with the bilateral asymmetrical conditions for the introduction of gases the asymmetry of the introduction of flow was created due to a change in the relative entrance area whoo remained constant. Local heat transfer coefficient was determined for different values dimensionless longitudinal coordinate coinciding with the axis of the chamber, directed toward the outlet, measured from the middle section of the working volume. Еquations for calculation of heat transfer coefficients on the lateral surface of the howling cyclone chambers with unbalanced input and output gases, оbtained in this paper, give the satisfactory agreement of the calculated and experimental data that allows to recommend to their practical application.В настоящей работе, в отличие от исследований [1–10], рассмотрена теплоотдача на боковой поверхности рабочего объема при несимметричных вводе и выводе газов, когда значения относительных площадей входа и относительных диаметров выходного отверстия различны в каждой из половин рабочего объема. Теплоотдачу конвекцией к закрученному потоку воздуха изучали по методу изменения агрегатного состояния греющего агента – конденсации слегка перегретого (на 2–3 оС) водяного пара. Сбор конденсата с рабочего участка производили через гидрозатвор, обеспечивающий поддержание постоянного давления в калориметре. Переданное за время опыта количество теплоты определяли по массе собранного конденсата.В опытах на камере с двусторонним несимметричным выводом газов варьировали относительный диаметр выходного отверстия с одной из сторон камеры Относительный диаметр выходного отверстия с другой стороны сохранялся постоянным. В опытах на камере с двусторонними несимметричными условиями ввода газов несимметрию ввода потока создавали за счет изменения относительной площади входа которая оставалась постоянной. Местный коэффициент теплоотдачи определяли при различных значениях безразмерной продольной координаты, совпадающей с осью камеры, направленной в сторону выходного отверстия, отсчитываемой от среднего сечения рабочего объема. Полученные уравнения для расчета коэффициентов теплоотдачи на боковой поверхности циклонных камер с несимметричными вводом и выводом газов дают удовлетворительное совпадение расчетных и опытных данных, что позволяет рекомендовать их для практического применения

New spirituality from a gender perspective

The report identifies the conceptual foundations of the changes in the religious sphere and describes the features of a new spirituality, that meet the needs of women as active social actors ready to exist outside the usual hierarchical masculine world. At the presentation the results of the first interviews with participants of the new spirituality movement will be presented.В докладе выявлены концептуальные основания происходящих изменений в религиозной сфере и описаны черты новой духовности, которые отвечают потребностям женщин как активных социальных акторов, готовых существовать вне привычного иерархизированного маскулинного мира. На выступлении будут представлены результаты интервью с участницами движения новой духовности

Distance learning: opportunities and challenges in quarantine.

The urgent introduction of distance education into the learning process due to the COVID-19 pandemic has become a spontaneous experiment, requiring urgent decisions, effective mechanisms to implement into the educational process and analysis of ongoing educational process. The possibilities of modern digital technologies made it possible to quickly set up the information component of education and to controle student’s knowledge. A detailed analysis of the communication between the faculty members of the department among themselves and analysis of the features of teaching and self-education of students in the field of medical radiology and oncology based on answers and comments with using Google classroom, Socrative, Messenger Telegram, etc. was made. Issues of communicative interaction between faculty members and students, psychological aspects of distance communication, language of instruction, logistics of distance education and methodological problems are described in details. It has been suggested that distance education may be equally effective for theoretical subjects in full-time study form, but when studying clinical disciplines, the priority should be given to traditional methods of teaching, involving student's bedside training. Taking into account technical possibilities and high risk of development of extreme and emergency situations, it is suggested to introduce permanent readiness for distance education, to create all – Ukrainian distance imitation service of patients’ follow-up. The importance of using the state language in training as the basis for mastering the professional Ukrainian and English language as the basis for mastering international medical experience is indicated

Effects of enzymatically depolymerised fucoidan on effector functions of innate and adaptive immunity cells

The use of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidans) as active pharmaceutical ingredients or adjuvants poses the challenge of obtaining structurally characterised and homogeneous samples or their oligomeric fractions maintaining high biological activity. The authors obtained a highly purified enzymatic hydrolysate of fucoidan from the brown alga Fucus evanescens and compared its biological activity with that of a native sample. The aim of the study was to compare, in vitro and in vivo, the effects of depolymerised fucoidan from the brown alga F. evanescens and native fucoidan on the effector functions of innate and adaptive immunity cells loaded with ovalbumin (OVA). Materials and methods: the effects of the fucoidan samples (depolymerised and native) on the expression of the main immunophenotypic markers by innate and adaptive immunity cells (neutrophils, monocytes, natural killers, and lymphocytes) were studied in vitro using flow cytometry. The levels of serum OVA-specific antibodies (IgG, IgG1, IgG2а) and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12) were studied in vivo using BALB/c mice immunised with OVA. The statistical analysis of the data obtained was performed using the Statistica 10 software package. Results: in vitro, both fucoidan samples altered the expression of the main immunophenotypic markers by innate and adaptive immunity cells, indicating their activation. In vivo, mice treated with the fucoidan samples demonstrated an increase in the levels of OVA-specific antibodies (IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a) and in the production of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10). Conclusions: the effects of enzymatically depolymerised fucoidan on functional activity of innate and adaptive immunity cells are comparable to those of native fucoidan. The findings indicate the possibility of using enzymatic hydrolysis products of fucoidan as adjuvants for a wide range of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines

Investigation of slag formed in the submerged arc welding of the minerals Urals

Dilatometric tests and estimation external and internal surfaces of welded crusts obtained in the process of submerged arc welding of mineral raw materials Urals region are performed. Separation and porosity welding crusts, thermal expansion coefficient of slag and weld metal are investigated.Проведены дилатометрические исследования и оценка внешней и внутренней поверхностей шлаковых корок, полученных в процессе сварки под слоем флюса из минерального сырья Уральского региона. Исследованы отделяемость и пористость сварочных корок, коэффициенты теплового расширения шлака и наплавленного металла

Влияние ферментативно деполимеризованного фукоидана на эффекторные функции клеток врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета

The use of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidans) as active pharmaceutical ingredients or adjuvants poses the challenge of obtaining structurally characterised and homogeneous samples or their oligomeric fractions maintaining high biological activity. The authors obtained a highly purified enzymatic hydrolysate of fucoidan from the brown alga Fucus evanescens and compared its biological activity with that of a native sample. The aim of the study was to compare, in vitro and in vivo, the effects of depolymerised fucoidan from the brown alga F. evanescens and native fucoidan on the effector functions of innate and adaptive immunity cells loaded with ovalbumin (OVA). Materials and methods: the effects of the fucoidan samples (depolymerised and native) on the expression of the main immunophenotypic markers by innate and adaptive immunity cells (neutrophils, monocytes, natural killers, and lymphocytes) were studied in vitro using flow cytometry. The levels of serum OVA-specific antibodies (IgG, IgG1, IgG2а) and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12) were studied in vivo using BALB/c mice immunised with OVA. The statistical analysis of the data obtained was performed using the Statistica 10 software package. Results: in vitro, both fucoidan samples altered the expression of the main immunophenotypic markers by innate and adaptive immunity cells, indicating their activation. In vivo, mice treated with the fucoidan samples demonstrated an increase in the levels of OVA-specific antibodies (IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a) and in the production of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10). Conclusions: the effects of enzymatically depolymerised fucoidan on functional activity of innate and adaptive immunity cells are comparable to those of native fucoidan. The findings indicate the possibility of using enzymatic hydrolysis products of fucoidan as adjuvants for a wide range of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.Использование сульфатированных полисахаридов (фукоиданов) в качестве фармацевтических субстанций или адъювантов связано с решением задачи по получению структурно охарактеризованных и однородных образцов или их олигомерных фракций, сохраняющих высокую биологическую активность. Нами получен высокоочищенный продукт ферментативного гидролиза фукоидана из бурой водоросли Fucus evanescens и дана оценка биологической активности полученного продукта в сравнении с нативным фукоиданом. Цель работы: изучение влияния ферментативно деполимеризованного образца фукоидана из бурой водоросли F. evanescens на эффекторные функции клеток врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета in vitro и in vivo в условиях антигенной нагрузки овальбумином (ОВА) в сравнении с нативным фукоиданом. Материалы и методы: для оценки влияния образцов фукоиданов (ферментативно деполимеризованного и нативного) in vitro на уровень экспрессии основных иммунофенотипических маркеров клеток врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета (нейтрофилов, натуральных киллеров, моноцитов, лимфоцитов) применяли методы проточной цитометрии. В экспериментах in vivo в сыворотке крови мышей линии BALB/c, иммунизированных ОВА, исследовали уровень специфических антител IgG, IgG1, IgG2а и цитокинов (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12). Статистическую обработку полученных данных проводили с помощью пакета программы Statistica 10. Результаты: под влиянием обоих образцов фукоиданов in vitro выявлены изменения уровня экспрессии основных иммунофенотипических маркеров клеток врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета, свидетельствующие об их активации. В условиях in vivo под действием образцов фукоиданов наблюдалось увеличение уровня ОВА-специфических антител (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a) и продукции цитокинов (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10). Выводы: показана активация образцом ферментативно деполимеризованного фукоидана врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета, которая не уступает действию нативного образца фукоидана, что определяет возможность его применения в качестве адъюванта для широкого спектра профилактических и терапевтических вакцин