Aphorpines and Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids From Bark of Cryptocarya Crassinervia

Two aphorpine alkaloids, (+)-lirinine 1 and (+)-lirioferine 2 and two bezylisoquinoline alkaloids (+)-reticuline 3 and (-)-N-Methylisococlaurine 4 were isolated from bark of Cryptocarya crassinervia. The structures were elucidated by spectral analysis, including 1D-NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT), 2D-NMR (COSY, HMQC, HMBC), UV, IR, and MS and comparison with the published data

Galois covers of type (p,...,p), vanishing cycles formula, and the existence of a torsor structure

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Project Euclid via the URL in this record.In this article we prove a local Riemman-Hurwitz formula which compares the dimensions of the spaces of vanishing cycles in a finite Galois cover of type (p, p, · · · , p) between formal germs of p-adic curves and which generalises the formula proven in [Sa¨ıdi1] in the case of Galois covers of degree p. We also investigate the problem of the existence of a torsor structure for a finite Galois cover of type (p, p, · · · , p) between p-adic schemes

N=2\mathcal{N}=2 Supersymmetry Partial Breaking and Tadpole Anomaly

We consider the $U(1) ^{n}$ extension of the effective $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric $U(1) \times U(1)$ model of $arXiv:1204.2141$; and study the explicit relationship between partial breaking of $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetry constraint and D3 brane tadpole anomaly of type IIB string on Calabi-Yau threefolds in presence of H$^{RR}$ and H$^{NS}$ fluxes. We also comment on supersymmetry breaking in the particular $\mathcal{N}=2$ $U(1)$ Maxwell theory; and study its interpretation in connection with the tadpole anomaly with extra localized flux sources.Comment: LaTex 37 page

High speed computing of ice thickness equation for ice sheet model

Two-dimensional (2-D) ice flow thermodynamics coupled model acts as a vital role for visualizing the ice sheet behaviours of the Antarctica region and the climate system. One of the parameters used in this model is ice thickness. Explicit method of finite difference method (FDM) is used to discretize the ice thickness equation. After that, the equation will be performed on Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) programming by using Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) platform. Nowadays, the demand of GPU for solving the computational problem has been increasing due to the low price and high performance computation properties. This paper investigates the performance of GPU hardware supported by the CUDA parallel programming and capable to compute a large sparse complex system of the ice thickness equation of 2D ice flow thermodynamics model using multiple cores simultaneously and efficiently. The parallel performance evaluation (PPE) is evaluated in terms of execution time, speedup, efficiency, effectiveness and temporal performance

Surveillance of injuries among Kenya Rugby Union (KRU) players — Season 2010

Objective: To determine the incidence and characteristics of injury amongst Kenya rugby union players and associated factors.Design: A whole population prospective cohort study.Methods: 364 registered Kenya rugby union (KRU) players were studiedthroughout the 2010 season. Data on their demographics, injury incidence, pattern and severity were gathered. The study tool used was the Rugby International Consensus Group (RICG) Statement.Results: There were 173 backs and 191 forwards. One hundred and two1 injuries for 60 league games (2400match player hours) were recorded. The incidence of injuries was 42.5/1000 match player hours (mph), (44.2 for forwards and 40.8 for backs). Lower limb injuries were the most common (41.2%). Players were most prone to injuries in the in tackle scenario (63.7%), at the beginning of the season (47.1%), and inthe last quarter (50%) of a game.Conclusion: The injury incidence recorded contrast the earlier Kenyandata but is comparable to international amateur level incidence, uniqueness of the Kenyan environment notwithstanding. The higherrates associated with the tackle/tackled scenario, earlier part of the season and later part of the game, suggest interventions can target player conditioning, and use of protective gear

Brane Realizations of Quantum Hall Solitons and Kac-Moody Lie Algebras

Using quiver gauge theories in (1+2)-dimensions, we give brane realizations of a class of Quantum Hall Solitons (QHS) embedded in Type IIA superstring on the ALE spaces with exotic singularities. These systems are obtained by considering two sets of wrapped D4-branes on 2-spheres. The space-time on which the QHS live is identified with the world-volume of D4-branes wrapped on a collection of intersecting 2-spheres arranged as extended Dynkin diagrams of Kac-Moody Lie algebras. The magnetic source is given by an extra orthogonal D4-brane wrapping a generic 2-cycle in the ALE spaces. It is shown as well that data on the representations of Kac-Moody Lie algebras fix the filling factor of the QHS. In case of finite Dynkin diagrams, we recover results on QHS with integer and fractional filling factors known in the literature. In case of hyperbolic bilayer models, we obtain amongst others filling factors describing holes in the graphene.Comment: Lqtex; 15 page

Strengthening iron folate supplementation of pregnant women in Ntchisi District, Malawi

While an estimated 45% of pregnant women in Malawi are anaemic, only 33% take iron tablets for a minimum of 90 days during pregnancy. The study explored the capacity of health facilities and communities to strengthen antenatal iron folate supplementation in Ntchisi, to support the achievement of Malawi’s nutrition target on halving anaemia in women of reproductive age by 2025. This qualitative study employed systematic random and purposeful sampling. Eight Focus Group Discussions with mothers of children 0-23 months, eight with Care Group volunteers and eight in-depth interviews with Village Health Workers (Health Surveillance Assistants) were conducted in each village falling within the catchment area of each of 8 health facilities. Health facilities had been sampled each from the 7 Traditional Authorities with the district hospital and direct observations had been conducted at each for antenatal care service delivery. 10 key informants from the health facilities and the District Health Office were interviewed. Thus a total of 16 FGDs, 8 HSA interviews, and 10 key informant interviews provided the data analysed in this paper. Data were analysed manually using thematic framework analysis. Poor access to and follow up of antenatal care at the health facility has limited access to iron folate supplements, as the health facility is the main source of Iron folates. Recurrent depletion of stock of iron folate were reported by mothers at most health facilities. Consumer demand for the tablets was low due to side effects, poor acceptability, associated myths, forgetfulness and frustration from having to take a daily medication. There was limited training and education materials at the health facility and community with inadequate support given to women. The absence of clear policies and guidelines on iron folate supplementation resulted in inconsistencies in messaging. Uptake and adherence were not routinely monitored. There is a need to improve the main building blocks of the iron folate programme, including the: delivery system, tablet supply, patient education, consumer demand, monitoring and evaluation and polic

Classification of N=2 supersymmetric CFT_{4}s: Indefinite Series

Using geometric engineering method of 4D $\mathcal{N}=2$ quiver gauge theories and results on the classification of Kac-Moody (KM) algebras, we show on explicit examples that there exist three sectors of $\mathcal{N}=2$ infrared CFT$_{4}$s. Since the geometric engineering of these CFT$_{4}$s involve type II strings on K3 fibered CY3 singularities, we conjecture the existence of three kinds of singular complex surfaces containing, in addition to the two standard classes, a third indefinite set. To illustrate this hypothesis, we give explicit examples of K3 surfaces with H$_{3}^{4}$ and E$_{10}$ hyperbolic singularities. We also derive a hierarchy of indefinite complex algebraic geometries based on affine $A_{r}$ and T$$ algebras going beyond the hyperbolic subset. Such hierarchical surfaces have a remarkable signature that is manifested by the presence of poles.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure

Uses of palmyra palmplant parts in three regions of East Java, Indonesia

Palmyra palm (Borassusflabellifer L.), is one of the palm trees highly associated with farmers in agro-forestry system in Indonesia. About 28,068 farmers cultivated 9,355 hectares of palmyra palm in East Java, Indonesia. Two regions which have highest palmyra palm in East Java are Sumenep in Madura islands and Tuban in East java mainland with production areas of about 5,535.70 and 1,832.45 hectares respectively. Pasuruan has special and well-known fresh palmyra palm sap, but there is scarcity of data on the number of plants or areas planted. However, development of industries at the area has displaced a large number of palmyras due to land use change. Field surveys were carried out at Gunungsari village, Beji district in Pasuruan, a single village of palmyra in Pasuruan; in the districts of Semanding and Palang in Tuban, and three districts, Pragaan, Lenteng, and Dungkek in Sumenep. One or two villages in Tuban and Sumenep were selected based on information from local official governments. A total of 180 palmyra farmers comprising of 30 farmers from each studydistrict were interviewed. The interview solicited several information including the use of palmyra plant parts such as leaves, fruits, sap, trunks and other parts. Results of the study showed that there were several differences in the uses of palmyra palm plant parts across three regions in East Java. Uses of leaves, fruits, sap, trunks and other parts of palmyra palm varied in each region both on the type of use and on the percentage of each use. The differences may be as a result of different cultural characteristics of regions and populations studied. For instance, farmers in Pasuruan and Tuban use almost all plant parts just like those in East java mainland, and both regions have massive industrial development. Farmers in Sumenep, Madura differed mostly in their use of almost all parts of palmyra plant, especially leaves and sap. Leaves and sapappeared as most used parts in the three regions and have more commercial value than other parts. Uses of plant parts as traditional medicine and processed fruits seemed comparatively low in all the three regions. Based on the differences in characteristics of the utilization of plant parts in three regions of East Java, it appears that Pasuruan is superior in fresh sap; Tuban in fresh fruits and Sumenep Madura with jaggery and palmyra leaf weaving products and raw leaves

Prediction of necrotic core and hypoxic zone of multicellular spheroids in a microbioreactor with a U-shaped barrier

© 2018 by the authors. Microfluidic devices have been widely used for biological and cellular studies. Microbioreactors for three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroid culture are now considered as the next generation in in vitro diagnostic tools. The feasibility of using 3D cell aggregates to form multicellular spheroids in a microbioreactor with U-shaped barriers has been demonstrated experimentally. A barrier array is an alternative to commonly used microwell traps. The present study investigates oxygen and glucose concentration distributions as key parameters in a U-shaped array microbioreactor using finite element simulation. The effect of spheroid diameter, inlet concentration and flow rate of the medium are systematically studied. In all cases, the channel walls are considered to be permeable to oxygen. Necrotic and hypoxic or quiescent regions corresponding to both oxygen and glucose concentration distributions are identified for various conditions. The results show that the entire quiescent and necrotic regions become larger with increasing spheroid diameter and decreasing inlet and wall concentration. The shear stress (0.5-9 mPa) imposed on the spheroid surface by the fluid flow was compared with the critical values to predict possible damage to the cells. Finally, optimum range of medium inlet concentration (0.13-0.2 mM for oxygen and 3-11 mM for glucose) and flow rate (5-20 μL/min) are found to form the largest possible multicellular spheroid (500 μm), without any quiescent and necrotic regions with an acceptable shear stress. The effect of cell-trap types on the oxygen and glucose concentration inside the spheroid was also investigated. The levels of oxygen and glucose concentration for the microwell are much lower than those for the other two traps. The U-shaped barrier created with microposts allows for a continuous flow of culture medium, and so improves the glucose concentration compared to that in the integrated U-shaped barrier. Oxygen concentration for both types of U-shaped barriers is nearly the same. Due to the advantage of using U-shaped barriers to culture multicellular spheroids, the results of this paper can help to choose the experimental and design parameters of the microbioreactor