Ways of optimizing medical services for children at educational institutions under the Health Care system reform in Ukraine.

Aim – scientific substantiation of the ways to optimize preventive childhood medicine under the health care system reform in Ukraine. The medical, sanitary and epidemiological conditions of children’s stay were studied at 147 schools in five oblasts of Ukraine and the city of Kyiv. The following methods were used: system analysis, analytical, mathematical and statistical, bibliosemantic, modeling and expert assessments. The results of an expert assessment (224 specialists) on the optimization of medical services for schoolchildren were analyzed. The main risk factors for schoolchildren staying at educational institutions were identified: daily routine failure, non-compliance with the hygiene requirements for the premises where the educational process is carried out, as well as failure in food and water quality and safety. The levels of medical observation provision were analyzed. There were suggested two ways of maintaining the role of medical personnel in preserving and enhancing the health of schoolchildren: involving doctors of primary care centers of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and creating an autonomous medical service in the institutions of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine in accordance with the current licensing requirements. The issues of prevention and promotion of children's health, including schoolchildren, are one of the key aspects of the training of medical personnel at all stages. Such programs need to be modernized on the basis of a competency approach, taking into account the current needs of the health care system and the best international experience in resolving these issues

Health-promoting activities in education

The article discusses issues of health-saving activities aimed at strengthening the health of schoolchildren and students by means of physical education, through the formation of cognitive, activity, motivational and evaluative-productive components of the individualВ статье рассматриваются вопросы здоровьесберегающей деятельности, направленной на укрепление здоровья школьников и студентов средствами физической культуры, через сформированность когнитивного, деятельностного, мотивационного и оценочно-результативного компонентов личност

Monitoring of the diamondback moth (<i>Plutella xylostella</i> L.) on the <i>Brassica oleracea</i> L. collection in the vicinity of St. Petersburg

Background. Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) has now acquired the status of the most dangerous pest of plants from the Brassicaceae family in the world, including Russia. In order to identify genotypes resistant to the pest, cabbage accessions from the VIR global collection were assessed in the field according to plant infestation and damage by diamondback moth in the vicinity of St. Petersburg.Materials and methods. The infestation of plants by diamondback moth was assessed on model accessions when examining all plants in the plot by (1) the number of larvae and pupae, and (2) leaf damage, assessed using a standard scoring scale. The number of adults was monitored using sticky Delta traps of two designs: (1) cardboard traps equipped with commercial dispensers with synthetic sex pheromone, and (2) plastic LED traps designed at VIZR.Results. The results of field surveys attested to very high variation among cabbage accessions in the rates of infestation and damage to plants caused by diamondback moth. The data on the abundance of adults caught by pheromone traps correlated well with the estimates of larval and pupal density of the pest on plants. The capture rate of diamondback moths with LED traps varied greatly during the season. In June/early July, i.e., during the period of the so called “white” nights, LED traps caught diamondback moths much worse than pheromone ones, but during the second half of July and August their capture rate significantly exceeded that of pheromone traps. As a result, the relationship between numbers of diamondback moth larvae on plants and adults in LED traps turned out to be negative. Conclusion. The resulting materials indicate obvious prospects of studying the VIR global collection in order to identify sources of host plant resistance to diamondback moth. The abundance of this pest in northern regions of its spreading is recommended to be controlled with pheromone traps

Differentiated approach to correcting low vitamin D status in adolescent girls in Moscow

Introduction. The work is devoted to the study of vitamin D status in adolescent girls and the selection of adequate doses for its correction.Study objective. To study the dynamics of calcidiol concentration in the blood serum against vitamin D3 intake and evaluate the effectiveness of correcting doses of vitamin in adolescent girls from Moscow.Study design. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, randomized clinical study.Materials and methods. The study involved adolescent girls aged from 11 to 17 years (n = 218) from I-II health groups, with determined serum level of 25(OH)D. Participants were randomly assigned to the main and control groups. The adolescent girls in the study group received vitamin D3 tablets, and the control group received a placebo. Study duration was 6 months. The dose of vitamin D3 was dependent on baseline serum caLcidioL levels and ranged from 800 IU to 2000 IU. Vitamin D status was redetermined in the girls who completed the treatment (n = 192).Results. Initially, 96.4% of girls had a low vitamin D status, while vitamin D insufficiency was observed in 26.6%, deficiency in 57.8%, deep deficiency in 12%. The median level of 25(OH)D in the main group before taking the vitamin was 16.25 ng/ml, after taking - 24.1            ng/ml, in the control group - 17.9 and 11.4 ng/ml, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). In the main group, an increase in the content of the metabolite was observed in 94.9% of the subjects, the initially identified pronounced deficit was completely absent.Conclusions. A differentiated approach to prescribing different doses of cholecalciferon, depending on the baseline level of 25(OH)D, BMI and age, is an effective method for replenishing vitamin D deficiency in adolescents. The high probability of normalization of vitamin D status in certain age groups, mainly with the appointment of low corrective doses of cholecalciferol justifies the possibility of their use for 6 months or more in adolescents during puberty period

The quarantine control and the methods of disinfection of tomato and cucumber seeds in different regions of Russian Federation

Quarantine phytopathogenic analysis of different sorts of tomato and cucumber seeds used in greenhouses in Russian Federation was studied. The common number of fungi and bacteria colonizing the outside and inside of seeds were determined. The characterization of micromycetes and bacteria complex disseminating the seeds was established. The phytotoxic infectious microorganisms were isolated. The negligible effect of some physical and chemical factors in seeds disinfectant was shown. The high antagonistic activity against phytopathogens as a new method of biocontrol with Trichoderma harziamum was proposed

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПСИХОГРАФІЧНОЇ СЕГМЕНТАЦІЇ ДЛЯ НАЛАГОДЖЕННЯ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ У СФЕРІ ПІДГОТОВКИ ЛІКАРІВ

Purpose: to provide recommendations for targeted communication with key groups of consumers of continuing professional development (CPD) services based on previous segmentation. Materials and Methods. The answers of 1768 respondents representing all regions of Ukraine, about the importance of factors in choosing the form of CPD subjected to factor analysis, which resulted in four factors were used as variables for cluster analysis (k-means method). The results were evaluated on the basis of descriptive statistics, the statistical probability of the difference was determined by pairwise comparison, and by analysis of variance. Results. As a result of segmentation, carried out on the basis of the analysis of questionnaires of doctors – consumers of educational services, four key factors of a choice of the form of CPD are revealed: professionalism, accessibility, the level of social activity, formalism of the student – on the basis of which seven clusters of students were formed, differing in socio-demographic and psychographic characteristics. Conclusions. Critical tasks are the optimization of the educational process, minimizing the flow of documents and time off from work, establishing work with online media, accounting, analysis, communication with existing consumers of educational services.Мета: надати рекомендації для здійснення прицільної комунікації з ключовими групами споживачів послуг безперервного професійного розвитку на основі попередньої сегментації. Матеріали і методи. Анкети 1768 респондентів, які представляють всі регіони України, щодо важливості чинників вибору форми безперервного професійного розвитку піддано факторному аналізу, за результатами якого отримано чотири фактори, значення яких використано для проведення кластерного аналізу (метод к-середніх). Оцінку результатів здійснювали на основі даних дескриптивної статистики, статистичну вірогідність різниці показників визначали методи попарного порівняння та дисперсійного аналізу. Результати. У результаті сегментування, здійсненого на основі аналізу анкет лікарів – споживачів освітніх послуг, виявлено чотири ключові фактори вибору форми безперервного професійного розвитку: професійність, доступність навчального курсу, рівень соціальної активності, формалізм слухача, на основі яких утворено сім кластерів слухачів, що відрізняються за соціодемографічними та психографічними характеристиками. Висновки. Критичними завданнями є оптимізація освітнього процесу, мінімізація документообігу, часу відриву від роботи фахівців, налагодження роботи з онлайн-медіа, облік, аналіз та комунікація з наявними освітніми послугами

The relative contribution of nmdars to excitatory postsynaptic currents is controlled by ca2+-induced inactivation

© 2016 Valiullina, Zakharova, Mukhtarov, Draguhn, Burnashev and Rozov. NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are important mediators of excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity. A hallmark of these channels is their high permeability to Ca2+. At the same time, they are themselves inhibited by the elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration. It is unclear however, whether the Ca2+ entry associated with single NMDAR mediated synaptic events is sufficient to self-inhibit their activation. Such auto-regulation would have important effects on the dynamics of synaptic excitation in several central neuronal networks. Therefore, we studied NMDAR-mediated synaptic currents in mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Postsynaptic responses to subthreshold Schaffer collateral stimulation depended strongly on the absence or presence of intracellular Ca2+ buffers. Loading of pyramidal cells with exogenous Ca2+ buffers increased the amplitude and decay time of NMDAR mediated EPSCs (EPSPs) and prolonged the time window for action potential (AP) generation. Our data indicate that the Ca2+ influx mediated by unitary synaptic events is sufficient to produce detectable self-inhibition of NMDARs even at a physiological Mg2+ concentration. Therefore, the contribution of NMDARs to synaptic excitation is strongly controlled by both previous synaptic activity as well as by the Ca2+ buffer capacity of postsynaptic neurons

«Микробиологическая чистота» сухих питательных сред, используемых для оценки стерильности иммунобиологических лекарственных препаратов

Medicinal products fail sterility testing if visual observation shows the growth of microorganisms that manifests itself as turbidity, sedimentation, flocculation and other changes in the growth medium. A key factor allowing robust determination of changes in the culture that may be suspected of contamination is the quality of growth media used, namely their transparency, and absence of foreign matter detectable by microscopic examination of the growth media smears. The presence of such foreign matter makes it especially difficult to interpret the results of testing of immunobiological products, namely live bacterial vaccines, because they cause turbidity of the media due to their specific composition. The article dwells upon the results of testing (in terms of Transparency and Microbial content) of dehydrated growth media recommended by the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 13th ed., General monograph 1.2.4.0003.15 for sterility testing of immunobiological medicinal products. The study revealed the presence of microorganisms, including pathogenic ones, in the growth media. In view of the fact that certificates of analysis and technical documentation accompanying components of growth media and dehydrated growth media produced by most national and foreign manufacturers do not contain any data on the acceptable levels of microorganisms it is argued that these products have to be tested for microbial content. The study also investigated the ways of improving the quality of commercial dehydrated growth media at the preparation stage.Несоответствие лекарственных средств требованиям испытания по показателю «Стерильность» устанавливается при обнаружении роста микроорганизмов, определяемого визуально по наличию мутности, осадка, хлопьев и других изменений питательной среды (ПС). Определяющим фактором, позволяющим достоверно установить наличие изменений в посевах, подозрительных на контаминацию, является качество используемых ПС, а именно их прозрачность, а также отсутствие в них загрязнений, обнаруживаемых при микроскопии мазков ПС. Присутствие таких загрязнений особенно затрудняет интерпретацию результатов испытания иммунобиологических лекарственных препаратов (ИЛП), вызывающих помутнение среды вследствие особенностей своего состава, в частности живых бактериальных вакцин. В основу статьи положены исследования качества образцов сухих ПС, рекомендуемых Государственной фармакопеей Российской Федерации XIII издания ОФС.1.2.4.0003.15 для проведения испытания на стерильность ИЛП, по показателям «Прозрачность» и «Микробная обсемененность». Установлено, что среды обсеменены различной микрофлорой, в том числе и патогенной. Учитывая отсутствие в сертификатах качества и в технической документации на компоненты ПС и на сухие ПС большинства отечественных и зарубежных производителей информации об уровне их допустимой обсемененности, обоснована необходимость оценивать их качество по показателю «Микробная обсемененность». Изучена возможность улучшения качества изготовленных промышленным способом сухих ПС на этапе приготовления

Self-organization and solubilization in binary systems based on hyperbranched polyesters polyols

© 2014 Elsevier B.V. The work includes the determination of relationships of the solubilization process of biodegradable hyperbranched polyester polyols Boltorn H. x of second, third and fourth generation by nonionic surfactants (TX-100, Brij-35, Tween-20). The impact of hyperbranched polyester polyols in binary systems Boltorn H. x/surfactant on surface-active properties of surfactants, dimensions of assemblies and solubilization capacity has been estimated with respect to Orange OT dye. It has been shown that solubilization capacity rises by an order of magnitude in binary system Boltorn H. x/TX-100 and decreases in binary system Boltorn H. x/Tween-20