426 research outputs found
Modern Didactic Text in Russian: Mechanisms of Perception and Principles of Construction
The article is devoted to the study of cognitive mechanisms of perception of textual information: stages and peculiarities of its intellectual processing and its understanding and internalization in the light of the activity-based theory of cognition. The author analyzes the existing approaches to the definition of the essence of the modern didactic text, which is not to focus on memorizing concepts, but on the development of independence and creative attitude to learning. This requires a fundamentally new approach to the structure of the textbook as a whole and its individual sections (themes) in particular, taking into account the psychological laws of information acquisition and specific features of formation of cognitive and metacognitive operations of the child. Special attention is given to psycholinguistic methods and techniques of identification of the nature of reception of the didactic text in the unity of its formal and content parameters. The article poses a postulate about the need to take into consideration these mechanisms in the process of design (development) of a didactic text in Russian for students of secondary general education institutions. The didactic text is analyzed from two angles: 1) from the standpoint of the person reading (listening to) the text and modeling the image of the content of the text perceived in their mind; 2) from the standpoint of the author of the text. The article contains experimental data, which make it possible to identify the factors that determine the nature of perception of the didactic text. The author concentrates her attention on individual psychological differences of information perception both via verbal and non-verbal codes and specificity of acquisition of information presented in different ways (in particular, by way of algorithms or equivalents). The authorβs analysis of typical exercises and tasks (including after-reading tasks), which can be found in modern textbooks of the Russian language, in terms of their cognitive βcomfortβ and efficiency for children with different lateral profiles is methodologically important. The study reveals the factors facilitating perception and understanding of the learning material or hindering these processes. The research results include a practical guide for teachers-philologists, specialists in methods, and psycholinguists regarding the form and the content of didactic texts (including game-based ones) for teaching Russian.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½- ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ: ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌ Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΉ, Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ² (ΡΠ΅ΠΌ) Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° Π² Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ»Π°Ρ ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ (ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ) ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π£ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
: 1) Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ (ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ) ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π· ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°; 2) Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π΅ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ; ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ (Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ). ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ (Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
), ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΡ, Π² Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Β«ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ» ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ-ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° (Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ) ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΡ
Creative syncretism of speech genres threats and appeasement in sacred texts of traditional folk culture
The article analyzes the texts of archaic folk culture (spells, incantations, incantations, divination), which are considered as a set of cultural codes of sacred communication, not limited to verbal components. Explores the nature of speech genres of threat and appeasement which, in the analyzed texts that embody a conditional set of real and imaginary, deshow existing in the popular mind the strategy of interaction with the unreal world. The analysis allows us to speak of a "creative syncretism" of techniques for creating a suggestive effect of the described cultural texts, which have the same structure, common presuppositions and a set of language tools for different intentions. The structure of the suggestive mental scenario of texts, which correlates with the features of mythological thinking, is determined.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ Π°ΡΡ
Π°ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ (Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΆΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π±ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎ Β«ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Β» ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ³Π³Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ². ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠ³Π³Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Ocular hemodynamics in patients with posterior uveitis entities
Background: In spite of recent advances in ophthalmology, the diagnosis and treatment of uveitis is still a challenge.
Purpose: To assess ocular hemodynamics in patients with primary and recurrent posterior uveitis (focal and disseminated chorioretinitis) using ophthalmic rheography.
Material and Methods: One hundred and eighteen patients (mean age Β± standard deviation, 37.2 Β± 1.5 years) with posterior uveitis were included in the study. The median duration of recurrent posterior uveitis was 2920 days (range, 1080 to 5110 days). The etiology of chorioretinitis was not established in all patients of the study. The age-matched control group was composed of 16 healthy volunteers (32 eyes). Patients and controls underwent ophthalmic rheography (ORG) with Reocom, the computerized rheography apparatus (Kharkiv, Ukraine). ORG included measurements of ocular pulse blood filling (expressed as RQ, β° rheographic coefficient) and vascular tone (expressed as alpha/T percentage index), and volumetric pulse blood filling rate (expressed as Ohm/s).
Results: In primary focal and disseminated chorioretinitis, inflammation was characterized by increased ocular circulation, which was manifested by (a) 20% increased ocular pulse blood filling (both for unilateral and bilateral inflammation); (b) 1.4-times and twice, respectively, increased volumetric pulse blood filling rate and (c) 12.5% and 33.3%, respectively, increased vascular tone in large-caliber vessels and small-caliber vessels. Ocular hemodynamics was increased in patients with unilateral recurrent focal, bilateral recurrent focal and bilateral recurrent disseminated chorioretinitis in the period of recurrence; particularly, ocular pulse blood filling was 17% increased, and volumetric pulse blood filling rate, 1.6 times increased. In addition, vascular tone in large-caliber vessels was increased. The period of remission in patients with focal chorioretinitis was characterized by normal ocular pulse blood filling, whereas in those with recurrent disseminated chorioretinitis, by 20% decreased ocular pulse blood filling compared to the norm. Volumetric pulse blood filling rate in the period or remission was 1.4-1.5-times increased in patients with focal chorioretinitis, but not in those with disseminated chorioretinitis.
Conclusion: Ocular pulse blood filling, volumetric pulse blood filling rate, and vascular tone in large-caliber and small-caliber vessels were increased in patients with primary posterior uveitis and those with recurrent posterior uveitis in the period of recurrence, both for unilateral and bilateral inflammation. In patients with recurrent posterior uveitis, the period of remission was characterized by a wide range of changes, from normal values to mild deficits, in ocular pulse blood filling, as well as increased vascular tone in vessels, which requires adequate anti-ischemic treatment in the period between recurrences
Problems of research of speech activities of bilingual students in the context of contemporary linguistic situation
Situation of bilinguism is discussed on the basis of people speaking both Armenian (native for the person or his/her ancestors) and Russian. One of the languages is, as a rule, dominating in the mind of the bilingual person, it βforces outβ the second, though the ideal situation may occur when both languages are equal, their usage is accompanied by meta-language reflection on both of them, their differences and similarities.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ, Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π°ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ (ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ²), ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ, Β«Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΒ» Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ, Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, β ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
, ΠΈΡ
ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ
Problematic Issues of Associative Orthography
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Β«ΠΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΒ», Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠΈ.The article presents an analysis of the project βOur Spelling Dictionaryβ, which is based on the principles of associative spelling. The positive and negative aspects of theoretical and practical approaches to the use of associative mechanisms for memorizing words with unverifiable spellings are revealed. The problem of experimental verification of multisensory integration in teaching spelling based on associative memory is outlined
Realization of potential of enterprise structure development as the criterion of ensuring the object-differentiated approach to rendering the state support : the Russian Federation
The objective of the research. Undertaken in the conditions of an economic crisis and sanctions restrictions the attempts of system optimization of business activity state regulation in Russia still don't contribute to increase in business sector efficiency and to full accomplishment of all assigned social and economic functions.
In the article the author rationalizes the point, assuming that in the basis of state regulation system the implementation level of entrepreneurial structure capacity, as the most adequate criterion of rendering the state support of business activity, which besides shall carry an object-differentiated nature, shall be laid.
Short description of methodology. In the article authors offer an original interpretation of the concept "potential of enterprise structure development" and a method to calculate an indicator "the realization level of potential of enterprise structure development" as key criterion at realizing an object-differentiated approach to rendering the state support of enterprise structures.
Compilation of the most important research results and their significance. In the article based on the formed differentiation criteria of measures of the state support of entrepreneurial structures authors offer the measures system differentiated on the bases of the implementation level of potential of entrepreneurial structures development and the importance of this structure in strategic priorities system of territorial development on preferential creation of institutional conditions for an entrepreneurship development; on internal capacity development of entrepreneurial structures; on direct support of business activity.peer-reviewe
Reading the Signsβ: Aspects of Perception of a Game Polycode Text in Space of a Modern City
One of the new linguocreative practices of organizing the city space as a cultural text is analyzed. The game discourse of polycode texts is considered, which combine elements of different semiotic systems: signs of traffic rules, supplemented by visualized symbolic allusions and quotations, collectively referring to the motifs of famous works of art. The constructive principles of modeling the associative context of polycode posters placed in the Literary Quarter of Yekaterinburg are characterized. The universality of the generation of game texts of any semiotic nature on the basis of an operational technique that creates the effects of associative deducibility and associative integration is substantiated. The novelty of the study is related to the description of the algorithm for creating and deciphering a game polycode text of this type, identifying the factors and strategies for reading it by the addressee. The dynamic component of the semantic diversity of the analyzed texts is experimentally verified, taking into account the respondentsβ recognition of the prototypes of the game transform, reflection on the connection between its visual and verbal components, and the ability to derive allusive implicatures. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of game transform decoding strategies in the light of the mechanisms of linguocreative thinking based on the switching of associative stereotypes in the language game register
MOOΠ‘: new model of e-learning in secondary vocational education
The article describes models of massive open online courses regarding secondary vocational educationΠ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½-ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈ
The 2011 October Draconids Outburst. II. Meteoroid Chemical Abundances from Fireball Spectroscopy
On October 8, 2011 the Earth crossed dust trails ejected from comet
21P/Giacobini-Zinner in the late 19th and early 20th Century. This gave rise to
an outburst in the activity of the October Draconid meteor shower, and an
international team was organized to analyze this event. The SPanish Meteor
Network (SPMN) joined this initiative and recorded the October Draconids by
means of low light level CCD cameras. In addition, spectroscopic observations
were carried out. Tens of multi-station meteor trails were recorded, including
an extraordinarily bright October Draconid fireball (absolute mag. -10.5) that
was simultaneously imaged from three SPMN meteor ob-serving stations located in
Andalusia. Its spectrum was obtained, showing a clear evolution in the relative
intensity of emission lines as the fireball penetrated deeper into the
atmosphere. Here we focus on the analysis of this remarkable spectrum, but also
discuss the atmospheric trajectory, atmospheric penetration, and orbital data
computed for this bolide which was probably released during
21P/Giacobini-Zinner return to perihelion in 1907. The spectrum is discussed
together with the tensile strength for the October Draconid meteoroids. The
chemical profile evolution of the main rocky elements for this extremely bright
bolide is compared with the elemental abundances obtained for 5 October
Draconid fireballs also recorded during our spectroscopic campaign but observed
only at a single station. Significant chemical heterogeneity between the small
meteoroids is found as we should expect for cometary aggregates being formed by
diverse dust components.Comment: Manuscript in press in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society. Accepted for publication in MNRAS on April 28th, 2013 Manuscript
Pages: 28 Tables: 5 Figures: 12. Manuscript associated: "The 2011 October
Draconids outburst. I. Orbital elements, meteoroid fluxes and
21P/Giacobini-Zinner delivered mass to Earth" by Trigo-Rodriguez et al. is
also in press in the same journa
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