Influence of soil chemical composition on U, 226Ra and 210Pb uptake in leaves and fruits of Quercus ilex L

10 páginas, 4 figuras, 4 tablasTo determine their transfer factors, activity concentrations of natural radionuclides were measured in the leaves and acorns of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) trees collected from seven locations with different soil properties and radionuclide activity concentrations. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of the soils were also analysed to investigate the effect these had on radionuclide absorption by the trees. Soil chemistry showed significant effects on radionuclide incorporation into Quercus ilex L. tissues. A significant relationship was established between activity concentrations and soil content of Ca and P with 238U and 226Ra in the leaves and acorns of Quercus ilex L. Differentiated transfer was found for 40K, which showed greater transfer to the leaves than the other radionuclides. The activity concentration of U and 226Ra was higher in the fruits than in the leaves, with the opposite effect being observed for 40K. The risk of U and 226Ra transfer into the food chain through acorn consumption by livestock is predicted to increase in soils poor in Ca and rich in P.Sampling in Tres Cantos location was performed in the CIEMAT (Spain) Scientific Infrastructure Sin-235, supported by an agreement between CIEMAT and Ayuntamiento de Madrid. The authors J.A. Suarez-Navarro and V.M. Exposito-Suarez are grateful for the support of CIEMAT for the internal project 353-M_CU_PILARPeer reviewe

f(R) theories

Over the past decade, f(R) theories have been extensively studied as one of the simplest modifications to General Relativity. In this article we review various applications of f(R) theories to cosmology and gravity - such as inflation, dark energy, local gravity constraints, cosmological perturbations, and spherically symmetric solutions in weak and strong gravitational backgrounds. We present a number of ways to distinguish those theories from General Relativity observationally and experimentally. We also discuss the extension to other modified gravity theories such as Brans-Dicke theory and Gauss-Bonnet gravity, and address models that can satisfy both cosmological and local gravity constraints.Comment: 156 pages, 14 figures, Invited review article in Living Reviews in Relativity, Published version, Comments are welcom

Long daytime napping is associated with increased adiposity and type 2 diabetes in an elderly population with metabolic syndrome

Research examining associations between objectively-measured napping time and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate daytime napping in relation to T2D and adiposity measures in elderly individuals from the Mediterranean region. A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 2190 elderly participants with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome, in the PREDIMED-Plus trial, was carried out. Accelerometer-derived napping was measured. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for T2D were obtained using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression with constant time. Linear regression models were fitted to examine associations of napping with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Participants napping ≥90 min had a higher prevalence of T2D (PR 1.37 (1.06, 1.78)) compared with those napping 5 to <30 min per day. Significant positive associations with BMI and WC were found in those participants napping ≥30 min as compared to those napping 5 to <30 min per day. The findings of this study suggest that longer daytime napping is associated with higher T2D prevalence and greater adiposity measures in an elderly Spanish population at high cardiovascular risk

Toxicity of wine effluents and assessment of a depuration system for their control: assay with tadpoles of Rhinella arenarum (BUFONIDAE)

We evaluated the toxicity of the winery effluent and the efficiency of a symbiotic depuration system by means an experiment with Rhinella arenarum tadpoles. The studied effluent was taken from warehouses during the cleaning season. These effluents subsequently subjected to the purification treatment under evaluation. The effluent samples differentiated into two treatment levels: “raw” where the effluent was evaluated with field conditions and “treated” where the effluent was previously filtered with the symbiotic depuration system. The results of the bioassays compared with the physicochemical parameters determined in the effluent samples. The lethal response had a clear-cut correspondence with the effluent quality assessed utilizing physicochemical parameters. In all cases, dilution of the samples resulted in a significant reduction of their toxicity. It concluded that (a) winery effluents could be harmful to tadpoles of R. arenarum, (b) the symbiotic purification system used to treat wine effluents it would produce a significant reduction in the contaminant levels of the effluent. However, this reduction in contaminant levels does not provide sufficient safety for the release of the effluents into the environment.Fil: Navas Romero, Ana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Herrera Moratta, Mario Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, María Rosa. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga, Lorena Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Filosofía, Humanidades y Artes. Instituto de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Echegaray, Marcelo Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Sanabria, Eduardo Alfredo. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Filosofía, Humanidades y Artes. Instituto de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentin

Predicting the onset and persistence of episodes of depression in primary health care. The predictD-Spain study: Methodology

Background: The effects of putative risk factors on the onset and/or persistence of depression remain unclear. We aim to develop comprehensive models to predict the onset and persistence of episodes of depression in primary care. Here we explain the general methodology of the predictD-Spain study and evaluate the reliability of the questionnaires used. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study. A systematic random sample of general practice attendees aged 18 to 75 has been recruited in seven Spanish provinces. Depression is being measured with the CIDI at baseline, and at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. A set of individual, environmental, genetic, professional and organizational risk factors are to be assessed at each follow-up point. In a separate reliability study, a proportional random sample of 401 participants completed the test-retest (251 researcher-administered and 150 self-administered) between October 2005 and February 2006. We have also checked 118,398 items for data entry from a random sample of 480 patients stratified by province. Results: All items and questionnaires had good test-retest reliability for both methods of administration, except for the use of recreational drugs over the previous six months. Cronbach's alphas were good and their factorial analyses coherent for the three scales evaluated (social support from family and friends, dissatisfaction with paid work, and dissatisfaction with unpaid work). There were 191 (0.16%) data entry errors. Conclusion: The items and questionnaires were reliable and data quality control was excellent. When we eventually obtain our risk index for the onset and persistence of depression, we will be able to determine the individual risk of each patient evaluated in primary health care.The research in Spain was funded by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Health (grant FIS references: PI04/1980, PI0/41771, PI04/2450, and PI06/1442), Andalusian Council of Health (grant references: 05/403, 06/278 and 08/0194), and the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (grant reference SAF 2006/07192). The Malaga sample, as part of the predictD-International study, was also funded by a grant from The European Commission (reference QL4-CT2002-00683)

K2-99 revisited: a non-inflated warm Jupiter, and a temperate giant planet on a 522-d orbit around a subgiant

We report new photometric and spectroscopic observations of the K2-99 planetary system. Asteroseismic analysis of the short-cadence light curve from K2’s Campaign 17 allows us to refine the stellar properties. We find K2-99 to be significantly smaller than previously thought, with R⋆ = 2.55 ± 0.02 R⊙. The new light curve also contains four transits of K2-99 b, which we use to improve our knowledge of the planetary properties. We find the planet to be a non-inflated warm Jupiter, with Rb = 1.06 ± 0.01 RJup⁠. 60 new radial velocity measurements from HARPS, HARPS-N, and HIRES enable the determination of the orbital parameters of K2-99 c, which were previously poorly constrained. We find that this outer planet has a minimum mass Mcsin ic = 8.4 ± 0.2 MJup⁠, and an eccentric orbit (ec = 0.210 ± 0.009) with a period of 522.2 ± 1.4 d. Upcoming TESS observations in 2022 have a good chance of detecting the transit of this planet, if the mutual inclination between the two planetary orbits is small

Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω‐3 fatty acids (long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9‐y follow‐up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.92) for all‐cause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58–1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67–1.05) for all‐cause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29–0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22–1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all‐cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45–0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all‐cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish‐derived long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639

Calidad de vida en los adultos mayores con Síndrome Coronario Agudo

Introducción: El Síndrome Coronario Agudo (SCA) se caracteriza por las múltiples afecciones que terminan reduciendo o deteniendo el flujo sanguíneo a nivel del musculo cardiaco el cual presenta manifestaciones clínicas como el infarto de miocardio, la angina con y sin elevación del segmento ST. La calidad de vida puede definirse como la necesidad de la persona por mejorar su estilo de vida mediante comportamientos saludables teniendo en cuenta aspectos físicos, mentales y sociales (Sweis, 2022) por lo tanto, el rol de los cuidados de enfermería gira en torno a la planeación de intervenciones que buscan mejorar los cuidados de la persona para aumentar su esperanza y calidad de vida. Metodología: La siguiente revisión de literatura se realizó con el fin de dar respuesta a la pregunta de investigación formulada bajo el formato PICO la cual comprendió la búsqueda de artículos científicos haciendo uso de los términos boléanos y palabras clave como síndrome coronario agudo, enfermedades cardiovasculares, atención de enfermería, entre otras palabras relacionadas con el concepto de calidad de vida en los adultos mayores con SCA, cambios físicos y psicológicos que ocurren durante el curso de la enfermedad, así como las intervenciones de enfermería que se emplearían en los pacientes con alteraciones cardiovasculares. Resultados: Dentro de la búsqueda realizada en 19 bases de datos se seleccionaron 30 artículos de investigación con los cuales se logró determinar que los factores personales influyen notablemente en la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores con SCA. Las alteraciones cardio vasculares no son los únicos cambios que se experimentan durante el curso de esta enfermedad ya que a nivel psicológico se generan sentimientos de incertidumbre y depresión además de comorbilidades como hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia, enfermedad circulatoria y periodontitis. En cuánto a las intervenciones de enfermería que son aplicables a los adultos mayores con SCA se encontraron la rehabilitación cardiaca, la educación sobre la enfermedad cardiaca y técnicas de manejo y equilibrio emocional que facilitan la reducción de los niveles de depresión y ansiedad mejorando la auto eficiencia y la capacidad de afrontamiento en adultos mayores con más de 6 meses hospitalizados. Conclusiones: Los adultos mayores son la población con más alto nivel de adquisición de SCA debido al desgaste cardiaco influenciado por factores personales; las intervenciones de enfermería centradas en la rehabilitación cardiaca, correcta administración de medicamentos antiplaquetarios, anticoagulantes, entre otros mejoran la calidad en la atención y los cuidados prestados a los adultos mayores con SCA. La adecuada educación a pacientes y familiares disminuye el riesgo de depresión y ansiedad que se genera en el ámbito hospitalario y que afectan directamente la calidad de vida los adultos mayores con SCA. Palabras clave: Calidad de vida, síndrome coronario agudo, factores personales, cambios fisiológicos y psicológicos, intervenciones de enfermería.Introduction: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is characterized by multiple conditions that end up reducing or stopping blood flow at the level of the cardiac muscle which presents clinical manifestations such as myocardial infarction, angina with and without ST segment elevation. Quality of life can be defined as the person's need to improve his or her lifestyle through healthy behaviors taking into account physical, mental and social aspects (Sweis, 2022); therefore, the role of nursing care revolves around the planning of interventions that seek to improve the person's care in order to increase his or her life expectancy and quality of life. Methodology: The following literature review was conducted in order to answer the research question formulated under the PICO format, which included the search for scientific articles using the terms Boléanos and keywords such as acute coronary syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, nursing care, among other words related to the concept of quality of life in older adults with ACS, physical and psychological changes that occur during the course of the disease, as well as the nursing interventions that would be used in patients with cardiovascular alterations. Results: A search of 19 databases led to the selection of 30 research articles from which it was possible to determine that personal factors have a significant influence on the quality of life of older adults with ACS. Cardiovascular alterations are not the only changes experienced during the course of this disease, since at the psychological level feelings of uncertainty and depression are generated, in addition to comorbidities such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, circulatory disease and periodontitis. As for nursing interventions that are applicable to older adults with ACS, we found cardiac rehabilitation, education about heart disease and emotional management and balancing techniques that facilitate the reduction of depression and anxiety levels improving self-efficacy and coping capacity in older adults with more than 6 months hospitalized. Conclusions: Older adults are the population with the highest level of ACS acquisition due to cardiac wear and tear influenced by personal factors; nursing interventions focused on cardiac rehabilitation, correct administration of antiplatelet drugs, anticoagulants, among others improve the quality of attention and care provided to older adults with ACS. Adequate education of patients and family members reduces the risk of depression and anxiety generated in the hospital setting, which directly affect the quality of life of older adults with ACS.Resumen. – Abstract. – Introducción. -- Planteamiento Del Problema. – Antecedentes. – Justificación. – Objetivos. -- Objetivo General. -- Objetivos Específicos. -- Marco Teórico. -- Marco Disciplinar. – Metodología. -- Criterios de Inclusión. -- Criterios de Exclusión. -- Palabras claves. -- Estrategia de Búsqueda. – Resultados. -- Concepto de Calidad de Vida. -- Cambios fisiopatológicos y psicológicos. -- Intervenciones de enfermería en adultos mayores con alteraciones cardiovasculares. – Discusión. – Limitaciones. – Recomendaciones. – Conclusiones. -- Referencias Bibliográficas. -- Anexo A. -- Cesión de derechos. -- Anexo B . -- Matriz de bú[email protected]@campusucc.edu.coSilvia.perezmejia@[email protected]