Food Consumption, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Salt in Urban Areas in Five Sub-Saharan African Countries.

High salt intake is a major risk factor of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Improving knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to salt intake in the general population is a key component of salt reduction strategies. The objective of this study was to describe and compare the KAP of adults related to salt in urban areas of five countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The survey included 588 participants aged 25 to 65 years who were selected using convenience samples in the urban areas of Benin, Guinea, Kenya, Mozambique, and Seychelles. Socio-demographic and food consumption were assessed using a structured closed-ended questionnaire administered by survey officers. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured. Food consumption varied largely between countries. Processed foods high in salt, such as processed meat, cheese, pizzas, and savory snacks were consumed rather infrequently in all the countries, but salt-rich foods, such as soups or bread and salty condiments, were consumed frequently in all countries. The majority of the participants knew that high salt intake can cause health problems (85%) and thought that it is important to limit salt intake (91%). However, slightly over half (56%) of the respondents regularly tried to limit their salt intake while only 8% of the respondents thought that they consumed too much salt. Salt and salty condiments were added most of the time during cooking (92% and 64%, respectively) but rarely at the table (11%). These findings support the need for education campaigns to reduce salt added during cooking and for strategies to reduce salt content in selected manufactured foods in the region

Resurgence of Ebola virus in 2021 in Guinea suggests a new paradigm for outbreaks

These authors contributed equally: Alpha K. Keita, Fara R. Koundouno, Martin Faye, Ariane Düx, Julia Hinzmann.International audienc

“Control-Alt-Delete”: Rebooting Solutions for the E-Waste Problem

A number of efforts have been launched to solve the global electronic waste (e-waste) problem. The efficiency of e-waste recycling is subject to variable national legislation, technical capacity, consumer participation, and even detoxification. E-waste management activities result in procedural irregularities and risk disparities across national boundaries. We review these variables to reveal opportunities for research and policy to reduce the risks from accumulating e-waste and ineffective recycling. Full regulation and consumer participation should be controlled and reinforced to improve local e-waste system. Aiming at standardizing best practice, we alter and identify modular recycling process and infrastructure in eco-industrial parks that will be expectantly effective in countries and regions to handle the similar e-waste stream. Toxicity can be deleted through material substitution and detoxification during the life cycle of electronics. Based on the idea of "Control-Alt-Delete", four patterns of the way forward for global e-waste recycling are proposed to meet a variety of local situations

Myxome de l’oreillette droite : une forme rare de révélation d’insuffisance cardiaque droite chez une patiente de 73 ans

Le Myxome cardiaque est une des plus fréquentes tumeurs bénignes du cœur dont la présentation clinique est peu spécifique, le plus souvent révélé par des signes d’insuffisance cardiaque. La chirurgie, réalisée dans les brefs délais est le seul traitement efficace. L’objectif de ce travail est de rapporter un cas de myxome de l’oreillette droite et la problématique de sa prise en charge en Guinée. Nous rapportons un cas d’un myxome de l’oreillette droite pour la première fois diagnostiquée en Guinée au service de Cardiologie médico-chirurgicale de l’hôpital national Donka à Conakry chez une patiente de 73ans, admise pour insuffisance cardiaque droite décompensée. L’échocardiographie réalisée a mis en évidence un volumineux myxome plongeant dans le ventricule droit avec impact hémodynamique. La prise en charge a été limite à cause du plateau technique chirurgical inexistant (absence de la circulation extra corporelle) se réduisant à un traitement médical. Avec les moyens limites des parents et absence de structure réelle d’assistance médicale pour une évacuation sanitaire dans un centre équipé, la patiente décède 3 jours après. Notre observation illustre la découverte fortuite d’un myxome de l’oreillette droite au stade d’obstruction de la valve atrioventriculaire droite lors d’un bilan de prise en charge de l’insuffisance cardiaque. Et les difficultés de prise en charge chirurgicale dans notre structure hospitalière. Mots clés : Myxome, Oreillette Droite, Insuffisance Cardiaque. English Title: Right Auricle Myxoma: a rare form of discovery of the right heart failure in a 73- year-old patientCardiac myxoma is one of the most common benign tumors of the heart whose clinical presentation is not very specific, most often revealed by signs of heart failure. The surgery, performed in the shortest time is the only effective treatment. The aim of this work is to report a case of myxoma of the right atrium and the problem of its management in Guinea. We report a case of a myxoma of the right atrium diagnosed for the first time in Guinea at the Department of Medico-Surgical Cardiology of the Donka National Hospital in Conakry in a 73-yearold woman admitted for decompensated right heart failure. The ultrasonography cardiac doppler performed revealed a large myxoma plunging into the right ventricle with hemodynamic impact. Management was limited because of the nonexistent surgical technical platform (wout of extracorporeal circulation) reduced to medical treatment. With the parents' limited means and lack of a real medical assistance structure for medical evacuation in an equipped center, the patient dies 3 days later. Our observation illustrates the fortuitous discovery of a myxoma of the right atrium at the stage of obstruction of the right atrioventricular valve during an assessment of the management of heart failure. And the difficulties of surgical management in our hospital structure.Key words: Myxoma, Right Atrium, Heart Failur

Recovery of metals from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) using unconventional solvents based on ionic liquids

International audienceWaste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is the fastest growing type of waste globally and is an important challenge due to its heterogeneity, intrinsic toxicity and potential environmental impact. However, WEEE also represents an important secondary source of critical and valuable elements and must be viewed as a resource within the context of a circular economy. The use of ionic liquids (ILs) to recover metals from WEEE is reviewed with a special emphasis on the use of ILs in leaching and solvent extraction processes. The advantages of ILs as a reaction medium compared to existing conventional solvents lies in their tuneability and potential environmental benefits. Many studies have used ILs for the selective extraction and purification of metals from WEEE, particularly from waste fluorescent lamp phosphor and batteries containing rare-earth elements with promising results. However, significant barriers remain to the commercial use of ILs for treating WEEE and key barriers to progress are identified. In particular more focus is required to improve upstream collection and separation of WEEE, as this would greatly increase the potential to use selective, more efficient, ILs for metal recovery

Greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from production of compost bedding on a dairy farm

Recent developments in composting technology enable dairy farms to produce their own bedding from composted manure. This management practice alters the fate of carbon and nitrogen; however, there is little data availa