Isolation, Identification and Seasonal Distribution of Soilborne Fungi in Different Areas of Erbil Governorate

A survey study was undertaken for the isolation and identification of soilborne fungi inhabiting different areas in Erbil, Iraq. A total of 15 soil samples collected seasonally during August 2008-July 2009. Fungi were isolated from soil during this study\u27s period, by soil dilution plate method on selective medium: Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), eighty-one different genera of fungi were isolated during the four seasons; (30, 33, 70, and 53) genera isolated in (summer, autumn, winter and spring) respectively, the most frequently isolated fungi during four seasons were Aspergillus sp. (539x103) colony forming units /g.soil, followed by Penicillium sp. (215x103) cfu/g.soil, Rhizopus spp. (115x103) cfu/g.soil, Emericella spp. (109x103) cfu/g.soil, Fusarium spp. (47x103) cfu/g.soil, and Ulocladium botrytis (47x103) cfu/g.soil, while the least frequently isolated fungal genera were Blakeslea tuningtam, Clasterosporium cyperi, Idriella sp., Naranus cryptomeriae and Torula alternata, (1x103) cfu/g.soil, for each one. Fungi isolated from soil by washing method counted for ninety three species belonging to fifty six genera, among them: Aspergillus sp., Circinella sp., Cunninghamella sp., Mucor spp., Mycelia sterilia, Rhizopus sp

ENERGY COUPLING SITES IN THE ELECTRON-TRANSPORT CHAIN OF ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS

Peer reviewe

Electron transport chain in aerobically cultivated Zymomonas mobilis

Peer reviewe

The motley family of polar compounds (MV) M(X5-xX (x)) based on anionic chains of trans-connected M-(III)(X,X)(6) octahedra (M=Bi, Sb; X, X=Cl, Br, I) and methylviologen (MV) dications

The search for hybrid organic-inorganic materials remains a great challenge in the field of ferroelectrics. Following the discovery of the room temperature ferroelectric material (MV)[BiI3Cl2] (MV2+: methyl-viologen) exhibiting the highest polarization value in the field of hybrid ferroelectrics, we report here nine new hybrids with the general formulation (MV)[(MX5-xX)-X-(III)(x)] (M=Bi, Sb; X, X=CI, Br, I): (MV)[BiCl3.3Br1.7] (1), (MV)[BiCl1.3Br3.7] (2), (MV)[BiBr3.2I1.8] (3), (MV)[SbCl5] (4), (MV)[SbBr5] (5), (MV)[SbCl3.8Br1.2] (6). (MV)[SbCl2.4Br2.6] (7), (MV)[SbI3Cl2] (8) and (MV)[SbBr3.8I1.2] (9). Depending on the presence of polar chains or not, and on the coupling of polar chains, two types of centrosymmetrical structures [C1] and [C2] and two types of polar structures [P1] and [P2] are defined. (2) undergoes a paraelectric-to-relaxor ferroelectric transition around 100-150 K depending of the frequency showing that the Curie temperature, T-C, of (MV)[BiBr5] (243 K) can be modulated by the substitution of Br by Cl. The most interesting family is the [P2] type because the syn coupling of polar chains is in favor of high polarization values, as in (MV)[BiI3Cl2]. Five of the nine new hybrids, (4), (6-9), which have the [P2] type structure are potential ferroelectrics. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Analysis of videofluoroscopic variables affecting swallowing safety and efficiency in ophl patients

Open partial horizontal laryngectomy (OPHL) could represent a valuable alternative to total laryngectomy for selected laryngeal carcinoma. In long-term, occasional aspiration ranges from 12.9 to 67% after OPHL [1]. Rate of aspiration pneumonia can reach the 21.7% [2]. Main causes of swallowing impairment vary from a defective glottic closure to a reduced upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening. At the present time, only one study analysed spatial and temporal videofluoroscopic variables to evaluate factors affecting postoperative aspiration. No studies before have compared videofluoroscopic variables between OPHL patients with and without dysphagia

Bismuth-Based Coordination Polymers with Efficient Aggregation-Induced Phosphorescence and Reversible Mechanochromic Luminescence

Two bismuth coordination polymers (CPs), (TBA)[BiBr4(bp4mo)] (TBA=tetrabutylammonium) and [BiBr3(bp4mo)2], which are based on the rarely used simple ditopic ligand N-oxide-4,4′-bipyridine (bp4mo), show mechanochromic luminescence (MCL). High solid-state phosphorescence quantum yields of up to 85 % were determined for (TBA)[BiBr4(bp4mo)] (λem=540 nm). Thorough investigations of the luminescence properties combined with DFT and TDDFT calculations revealed that the emission is due to aggregation-induced phosphorescence (AIP). Upon grinding, both samples became amorphous, and their luminescence changed from yellow to orange and red, respectively. Heating or exposure to water vapor led to the recovery of the initial luminescence. These materials are the first examples of mechanochromic phosphors based on bismuth(III)

Aggregation induced phosphorescent N-oxyde-2,2′-bipyridine bismuth complexes and polymorphism-dependent emission

Unprecedented bismuth complexes, based on the rarely used ditopic ligand N-oxide-2,2′-bipyridine (bp2mo), crystallizing as three polymorphs, α- (1), β- (2) and γ-[BiBr3(bp2mo)2] (3), exhibit phosphorescence with a quantum yield up to 17% for the crystal phase (1), while the complex displays a weak fluorescence in solution. A study of the luminescence properties combined with DFT/TDDFT calculations reveals that the lighting phenomenon originated by aggregation induced phosphorescence correlated with the weak intermolecular interactions present in the different crystal phases

Vascular Burden Predicts Gait, Mood, and Executive Function Disturbances in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Results from the Gait and Brain Study

International audienc

Bipyridinium-bis(carboxylate) Radical Based Materials: X-ray, EPR and Paramagnetic Solid-State NMR Investigations

The zwitterionic 1,1′-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium (bp4pc) has been synthesized and crystals of its hydrated form bp4pc·2H2O and of its protonated reduced form H-bp4pc have been obtained. Upon heating, bp4pc·2H2O undergoes partial dehydration, leading to bp4pc·H2O at 160 °C, together with a color change from yellow (room temperature) to green (140 °C) and finally to brown (160–180 °C). Analysis of bond lengths in the solid state reveals the expected short (d = 1.425 Å) and long (d = 1.485 Å) C–C central bond lengths in the all-radical salt H-bp4pc and bp4pc·2H2O, respectively, whereas the distance of 1.475 Å in bp4pc·H2O does not allow a conclusion to be drawn regarding the presence of radicals in this compound. EPR and solid-state paramagnetic NMR experiments of H-bp4pc and the hydrated zwitterion bp4pc·2H2O at different temperatures, however, show that the color change of the latter upon heating is due to the presence of bipyridinium radicals, the concentration of which, although low, increases with increasing temperature. The nature of the electron donor involved in this thermal-induced electron transfer is not fully understood. Most plausible is the possibility that it is the carboxylate group with an intramolecular electron-transfer process; on the other hand it, cannot be excluded that the electron stems from the water molecule, which decomposes into O2, H+, and e– giving H-bp4pc entities