REDD+ on the rocks? Conflict over forest and politics of justice in Vietnam

In Vietnam, villagers involved in a REDD+ (reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation) pilot protect areas with rocks which have barely a tree on them. The apparent paradox indicates how actual practices differ from general ideas about REDD+ due to ongoing conflict over forest, and how contestations over the meaning of justice are a core element in negotiations over REDD+. We explore these politics of justice by examining how the actors involved in the REDD+ pilot negotiate the particular subjects, dimensions, and authority of justice considered relevant, and show how politics of justice are implicit to practical decisions in project implementation. Contestations over the meaning of justice are an important element in the practices and processes constituting REDD+ at global, national and local levels, challenging uniform definitions of forest justice and how forests ought to be managed

Análisis preliminar del riesgo sanitario por metales pesados en aguas superficiales del partido de Tres Arroyos sujetas a uso recreativo

Surveys for water quality in Tres Arroyos County show the presence of heavy metals in several locations. Considering that water of Tres Arroyos and Claromecó streams is used for recreational purposes during summer, the aim of this paper is to analyze if heavy metals contents (Al, As, Cr, Cu, Hg Mn, Pb y Zn) cause a risk for swimmers. The analysis was made by a recreational health risk assessment (HRA) based on the USEPA probabilistic model including accidental intake and direct skin contact with water in nine points of the basin. The HRA was aggregated (simultaneous exposure to both contact ways) and cumulative (simultaneous exposure to all metals), for non carcinogenic effects, and was made using an additive model. The theoretical individual exposed was a ten years old child (32 kg), that, on average, takes 20 baths/year, 1 hour long each, during 7 years. The results show that the higher value of aggregated and cumulative risk was very low, 7.82E-02, at the Claromecó stream location. So, bathing use of the streams does not represent an adverse health risk considering the assumed conditions of exposure for both types of exposure and all substances simultaneously.Instituto de Limnología "Raúl A. Ringuelet

Análisis preliminar del riesgo sanitario por metales pesados en aguas superficiales del partido de Tres Arroyos sujetas a uso recreativo

Surveys for water quality in Tres Arroyos County show the presence of heavy metals in several locations. Considering that water of Tres Arroyos and Claromecó streams is used for recreational purposes during summer, the aim of this paper is to analyze if heavy metals contents (Al, As, Cr, Cu, Hg Mn, Pb y Zn) cause a risk for swimmers. The analysis was made by a recreational health risk assessment (HRA) based on the USEPA probabilistic model including accidental intake and direct skin contact with water in nine points of the basin. The HRA was aggregated (simultaneous exposure to both contact ways) and cumulative (simultaneous exposure to all metals), for non carcinogenic effects, and was made using an additive model. The theoretical individual exposed was a ten years old child (32 kg), that, on average, takes 20 baths/year, 1 hour long each, during 7 years. The results show that the higher value of aggregated and cumulative risk was very low, 7.82E-02, at the Claromecó stream location. So, bathing use of the streams does not represent an adverse health risk considering the assumed conditions of exposure for both types of exposure and all substances simultaneously.Surveys for water quality in Tres Arroyos County show the presence of heavy metals in several locations. Considering that water of Tres Arroyos and Claromecó streams is used for recreational purposes during summer, the aim of this paper is to analyze if heavy metals contents (Al, As, Cr, Cu, Hg Mn, Pb y Zn) cause a risk for swimmers. The analysis was made by a recreational health risk assessment (HRA) based on the USEPA probabilistic model including accidental intake and direct skin contact with water in nine points of the basin. The HRA was aggregated (simultaneous exposure to both contact ways) and cumulative (simultaneous exposure to all metals), for non carcinogenic effects, and was made using an additive model. The theoretical individual exposed was a ten years old child (32 kg), that, on average, takes 20 baths/year, 1 hour long each, during 7 years. The results show that the higher value of aggregated and cumulative risk was very low, 7.82E-02, at the Claromecó stream location. So, bathing use of the streams does not represent an adverse health risk considering the assumed conditions of exposure for both types of exposure and all substances simultaneously

Análisis preliminar del riesgo sanitario por metales pesados en aguas superficiales del partido de Tres Arroyos sujetas a uso recreativo

Surveys for water quality in Tres Arroyos County show the presence of heavy metals in several locations. Considering that water of Tres Arroyos and Claromecó streams is used for recreational purposes during summer, the aim of this paper is to analyze if heavy metals contents (Al, As, Cr, Cu, Hg Mn, Pb y Zn) cause a risk for swimmers. The analysis was made by a recreational health risk assessment (HRA) based on the USEPA probabilistic model including accidental intake and direct skin contact with water in nine points of the basin. The HRA was aggregated (simultaneous exposure to both contact ways) and cumulative (simultaneous exposure to all metals), for non carcinogenic effects, and was made using an additive model. The theoretical individual exposed was a ten years old child (32 kg), that, on average, takes 20 baths/year, 1 hour long each, during 7 years. The results show that the higher value of aggregated and cumulative risk was very low, 7.82E-02, at the Claromecó stream location. So, bathing use of the streams does not represent an adverse health risk considering the assumed conditions of exposure for both types of exposure and all substances simultaneously.Instituto de Limnología "Raúl A. Ringuelet

Impact of lysosomal storage disorders on biology of mesenchymal stem cells: Evidences from in vitro silencing of glucocerebrosidase (GBA) and alpha-galactosidase A (GLA) enzymes.

Lysosomal storage disorders (LDS) comprise a group of rare multisystemic diseases resulting from inherited gene mutations that impair lysosomal homeostasis. The most common LSDs, Gaucher disease (GD), and Fabry disease (FD) are caused by deficiencies in the lysosomal glucocerebrosidase (GBA) and alpha-galactosidase A (GLA) enzymes, respectively. Given the systemic nature of enzyme deficiency, we hypothesized that the stem cell compartment of GD and FD patients might be also affected. Among stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a commonly investigated population given their role in hematopoiesis and the homeostatic maintenance of many organs and tissues. Since the impairment of MSC functions could pose profound consequences on body physiology, we evaluated whether GBA and GLA silencing could affect the biology of MSCs isolated from bone marrow and amniotic fluid. Those cell populations were chosen given the former's key role in organ physiology and the latter's intriguing potential as an alternative stem cell model for human genetic disease. Our results revealed that GBA and GLA deficiencies prompted cell cycle arrest along with the impairment of autophagic flux and an increase of apoptotic and senescent cell percentages. Moreover, an increase in ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated staining 1 hr after oxidative stress induction and a return to basal level at 48 hr, along with persistent gamma-H2AX staining, indicated that MSCs properly activated DNA repair signaling, though some damages remained unrepaired. Our data therefore suggest that MSCs with reduced GBA or GLA activity are prone to apoptosis and senescence due to impaired autophagy and DNA repair capacity

Relation Between Wound Complication and Lymphocele After Kidney Transplantation: A Monocentric Study

Introduction: Wound complication frequently arises after kidney transplantation and its risk factors are well known. In a previous paper we analyzed these factors, and in this new retrospective study we evaluate the influence of lymphocele in the development of wound complications. Patients and methods: From January 2000 to December 2018, 731 consecutive kidney transplants have been performed in our center. We have analyzed the incidence of wound complication and lymphocele and their risk factors. Results: Out of 731 kidney transplants, we have observed wound complications in 115 patients (15.7%) and lymphocele in 158 patients (21.7%). Of these, 70 patients developed both complications (9.5%), but 6 patients have been excluded because they were in therapy with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors. Twenty-nine patients (45.3%) presented a first level and 35 patients (54.7%) showed second level wound complications. Lymphocele was the only present factor in just 3 cases (4.6%). The other patients showed diabetes in 28 cases (43.7%), overweight/obesity in 38 (59.3%), delayed graft function in 17 (26.5%), and 60 years or more in 38 (57.8%). The association has been found in 30 out 64 patients treated with tacrolimus (46.8%) and in 34 with cyclosporine (53.1%); 40 patients did not receive muscular layer's reconstruction (62.5%). Conclusion: Our experience shows that lymphocele alone is not a predisposing factor for wound dehiscence after kidney transplantation, and they often coexist because they share the same risk factors, the most important being obesity, diabetes and delayed graft function, older age, and surgical techniques. No relation has been observed with calcineurin inhibitor therapy

Multimodal approach to predict neurological outcome after cardiac arrest: A single-center experience

Introduction: The aims of this study were to assess the concordance of different tools and to describe the accuracy of a multimodal approach to predict unfavorable neurological outcome (UO) in cardiac arrest patients. Methods: Retrospective study of adult (>18 years) cardiac arrest patients who underwent multimodal monitoring; UO was defined as cerebral performance category 3-5 at 3 months. Predictors of UO were neurological pupillary index (NPi) 64 2 at 24 h; highly malignant patterns on EEG (HMp) within 48 h; bilateral absence of N20 waves on somato-sensory evoked potentials; and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) > 75 \u3bcg/L. Time-dependent decisional tree (i.e., NPi on day 1; HMp on day 1-2; absent N20 on day 2-3; highest NSE) and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis were used to assess the prediction of UO. Results: Of 137 patients, 104 (73%) had UO. Abnormal NPi, HMp on day 1 or 2, the bilateral absence of N20 or NSE >75 mcg/L had a specificity of 100% to predict UO. The presence of abnormal NPi was highly concordant with HMp and high NSE, and absence of N20 or high NSE with HMp. However, HMp had weak to moderate concordance with other predictors. The time-dependent decisional tree approach identified 73/103 patients (70%) with UO, showing a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 100%. Using the CART approach, HMp on EEG was the only variable significantly associated with UO. Conclusions: This study suggests that patients with UO had often at least two predictors of UO, except for HMp. A multimodal time-dependent approach may be helpful in the prediction of UO after CA. EEG should be included in all multimodal prognostic models

Genotoxic effects of neutrophils and hypochlorous acid

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Type 1A Endoleak after TEVAR in the Aortic Arch: A Review of the Literature

Aortic arch repair is a challenging intervention. Open surgical repair is still considered the gold standard, but in high-risk patients, it is not always a reasonable option, making endovascular approaches an enticing, when not the only available, alternative for treatment. The strategies more commonly adopted are surgical supra-aortic trunk (SAT) rerouting followed by deployment of a standard thoracic endoprosthesis, chimney techniques, custom-made scalloped, fenestrated, and branched devices, and in situ or physician-modified fenestrations. If we excluded techniques involving SAT rerouting where the arch anatomy is surgically modified in order to make deployment in the aortic arch of a standard thoracic endoprosthesis possible, in the other techniques, one or more SATs are incorporated in the thoracic endoprosthesis. In these cases, no matter what solution is adopted, because of the morphology of the aorta at this level, achieving an ideal sealing is extremely difficult, and endovascular treatments of the arch are burdened by an increased risk of type IA endoleaks. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched. We identified 1277 records. After reading titles, abstracts, and full texts, we excluded 1231 records. Exclusion criteria were low-quality evidence, abstracts, case reports, conference presentations, reviews, editorials, and expert opinions. A total of 48 studies were included, for a total of 3114 patients. A type IA endoleak occurred in 248 patients (7.7%) with a mean incidence of 18.8% in chimney procedures, 4.8% and 3%, respectively, in fenestrated and branched devices, and 2.2% in in situ fenestration. We excluded from our analysis scalloped technology that is used when the target vessel originates from a healthy landing zone and represents a different anatomical setting. Type IA endoleaks are a concern with all types of endovascular aortic arch repair, and they can compromise the outcomes of the procedure. The rate of type IA endoleaks appears to be significantly higher in chimney procedures. In order to maximize sealing, whenever possible, endovascular repair of the arch should be achieved with custom-made fenestrated devices. However, chimney configurations are still a valuable solution particularly in the emergency setting, although in such a procedure, to guarantee accurate postoperative management and follow-up, an imaging protocol could be useful

Ultrasound Effectiveness of Steroid Injection for hand Psoriatic Dactylitis: Results from a Longitudinal Observational Study

Introduction: To assess clinical and ultrasound effectiveness of steroid injection (local treatment, LT) into the digital flexor tendon sheath for the treatment of psoriatic dactylitis compared to systemic treatment (ST) alone. Methods: In this observational, multicentre, prospective study, 88 cases of symptomatic hand dactylitis were evaluated clinically and sonographically by high-frequency ultrasound (US) probe in both greyscale (GS) and power Doppler (PD). The presence of flexor tenosynovitis (FT), soft tissue oedema (STO), peritendon extensor inflammation and synovitis was assessed (including DACtylitis glObal Sonographic—DACTOS—score) before treatment, at 1-month (T1) and 3-months (T3) follow-up. LT was proposed to all patients. Patients refusing LT were treated with oral NSAIDs. Patients continued the same baseline csDMARDs and/or corticosteroid therapy during the whole follow-up period. US response was defined for DACTOS score < 3 and US remission for DACTOS score = 0. Results: At T3 evaluation the ST group showed a significantly higher persistence (grade > 1) of FT and STO (p < 0.001 for all) and MCP synovitis (p = 0.001). US remission was achieved only in the LT group (at T3 31% vs. 0, p < 0.001). The percentage of patients with DACTOS < 3 was significantly greater in the LT group compared with ST group, at both T1 (49% vs. 5%, p < 0.001) and T3 evaluation (76% vs. 7%, p < 0.001). In multiple conditional logistic regression analysis, the only factor associated with US remission was LT (T3 odds ratio = 41.21, p < 0.001). Conclusions: US confirmed the effectiveness of steroid injection for dactylitis by demonstrating that it involves the resolution of extra-articular inflammation, in particular FT and STO