Inhibitory control as a mediator of bidirectional effects between early oppositional behavior and maternal depression.

Maternal depression is an established risk factor for child conduct problems, but relatively few studies have tested whether children's behavioral problems exacerbate mothers' depression or whether other child behavioral characteristics (e.g., self-regulation) may mediate bidirectional effects between maternal depression and child disruptive behavior. This longitudinal study examined the parallel growth of maternal depressive symptoms and child oppositional behavior from ages 2 to 5; the magnitude and timing of their bidirectional effects; and whether child inhibitory control, a temperament-based self-regulatory mechanism, mediated effects between maternal depression and child oppositionality. A randomized control trial of 731 at-risk families assessed children annually from ages 2 to 5. Transactional models demonstrated positive and bidirectional associations between mothers' depressive symptoms and children's oppositional behavior from ages 2 to 3, with a less consistent pattern of reciprocal relations up to age 5. Mediation of indirect mother-child effects and child evocative effects depended on the rater of children's inhibitory control. Findings are discussed in regard to how child evocative effects and self-regulatory mechanisms may clarify the transmission of psychopathology within families

The Pictor technique: exploring experiences of collaborative working from the perspectives of generalist and specialist nurses

Interviews are widely used in qualitative research, and can take many different forms (see King and Horrocks, 2010). In this chapter, we will introduce a particular visual tool developed by the authors and colleagues for use in research interviews: the Pictor technique (e.g. King, Bravington, Brooks et al. 2013). The technique requires research participants to construct a ‘Pictor chart’ - a visual representation depicting their role and their work - which the researcher and participant can then use as a basis to explore potentially complex experiences in a research interview setting. We will present here an example from our own applied research to demonstrate how we have used Pictor in research interviews

Experimental Investigation of a 16-inch Impulse-type Supersonic-compressor Rotor

Performance data and characteristics of a 16-inch impulse-type supersonic-compressor rotor are presented. The experimental portion of this investigation was conducted in Freon-12. A peak pressure ratio of 3.6 was obtained with an adiabatic efficiency of 0.80 at design conditions. Performance was continuous from impulse operation, at open throttle, to shock-in-rotor operation at the stall condition

High Abundance of Nesting Long-Eared Owls in North Dakota

The long-eared owl (Asio otus) is a secretive, poorly understood species in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada. In North Dakota the long-eared owl has been considered a species of special concern (Petersen 1991), due mainly to lack of information on its occurrence and nesting status. We discovered 39 long-eared owl nests while searching for Cooper\u27s hawk (Accipiter cooperii) nests in northwestern and north central North Dakota during April and May 2000. Long-eared owl nests mainly were observed at J. Clark Salyer and Des Lacs National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) in the Souris River basin (for study area descriptions see Nenneman et al. 2002) and at Lostwood NWR on the Missouri Coteau landform (Murphy 1993). These 39 nests exceed the total of all state breeding records for the long-eared owl through the early 1970\u27s (Stewart 1975: 159). During 1994 to 1999 we annually found 2 to 12 long-eared owl nests while searching for Cooper\u27s hawk nests in approximately the same area of North Dakota

A mixed finite-element, finite-volume, semi-implicit discretisation for atmospheric dynamics: Cartesian geometry

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this recordTo meet the challenges posed by future generations of massively parallel supercomputers a reformulation of the dynamical core for the Met Office’s weather and climate model is presented. This new dynamical core uses explicit finite-volume type discretisations for the transport of scalar fields coupled with an iterated-implicit, mixed finite-element discretisation for all other terms. The target model aims to maintain the accuracy, stability and mimetic properties of the existing Met Office model independent of the chosen mesh while improving the conservation properties of the model. This paper details that proposed formulation and, as a first step towards complete testing, demonstrates its performance for a number of test cases in (the context of) a Cartesian domain. The new model is shown to produce similar results to both the existing semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian model used at the Met Office and other models in the literature on a range of bubble tests and orographically forced flows in two and three dimensions.Natural Environment Research Council (NERC

Field scale limited irrigation scenarios for water policy strategies

ABSTRACT. Approaches to reducing irrigation inputs to crops have been studied for the past 50 to 60 years in research settings. Fewer efforts have been made to document limited irrigation responses over a number of seasons on commercial fields. This study compared farm−based irrigation management (FARM) with best management practices (BMP), late initiation of irrigation (LATE), and a restricted allocation (ALLOC). These irrigation management strategies each occupied 1/8 of a center pivot system in southwest Nebraska in continuous corn production, on four cooperating farms, which were replicated at the same sites for 3 to 6 years. Irrigation variables were achieved by irrigating or not irrigating, or by speeding up or slowing down the center pivot. When the grain yields and irrigation amounts were normalized each year using the FARM treatment as the basis, on average for three of four locations, the BMP treatment yielded equal to the FARM treatment, the LATE treatment yielded 93 % of the FARM treatment and the ALLOC yielded 84 % of the FARM treatment. At the same time, it took 76 % and 57 % of the water for the LATE and ALLOC treatments, respectively, to achieve these yields. The adjusted gross returns (yield price – irrigation treatment costs) of the irrigation treatments were analyzed for each location. When the gross returns were normalized using the FARM treatment as the basis, FARM and BMP returns were equal across combinations of high and low input commodity prices and pumping costs. The LATE treatment gross return was 95 % of FARM return. The gross return for the ALLOC treatment was 85 % to 91 % of the FARM treatment. The higher the water costs, the lower the difference between the highest and lowest returning water treatments. Relationships between evapotranspiratio

Evaluation of soluble ST2 as a novel cardiovascular biomarker in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Background: Soluble ST-2 has considerable prognostic value and is used as an aid for risk stratification in identifying patients who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease. The main objective of the study was to analyze the level of soluble ST-2 biomarker in patients with acute myocardial infarction and chronic stable angina patients and secondly to evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes after 30 days.Methods: A total of 71 patients were enrolled into the study, patients were divided into two groups of which 50 patients were in test group (AMI patients) and the remaining 21 patients were in the control group (chronic stable angina). Then, 5ml of blood was collected from the patients and plasma soluble ST-2 was estimated from the sample using ELISA technique. Patients were then followed up to 30 days to ascertain the development of major adverse cardiovascular outcomes.Results: The median concentration of soluble ST-2 in test group was found to be 213.46pg/ml and in control group was found to be 124.53 pg/ml. Soluble ST-2 correlated significantly with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) between the two groups (P value=0.01). Measurement of soluble ST-2 early after MI assists in the prediction of adverse cardiovascular events. In this study, soluble ST-2 was found to be higher in patients with acute myocardial infarction and also in patients with poor ejection fraction.Conclusions: Soluble ST-2 is a novel cardiovascular biomarker that is elevated in patients with acute myocardial infarction

An equatorial wind from the massive young stellar object S140 IRS 1

The discovery of the second equatorial ionized stellar wind from a massive young stellar object is reported. High resolution radio continuum maps of S140 IRS 1 reveal a highly elongated source that is perpendicular to the larger scale bipolar molecular outflow. This picture is confirmed by location of a small scale monopolar near-IR reflection nebula at the base of the blueshifted lobe. A second epoch of observations over a five year baseline show little ordered outward proper motion of clumps as would have been expected for a jet. A third epoch, taken only 50 days after the second, did show significant changes in the radio morphology. These radio properties can all be understood in the context of an equatorial wind driven by radiation pressure from the central star and inner disc acting on the gas in the surface layers of the disc as proposed by Drew et al. (1998). This equatorial wind system is briefly compared with the one in S106IR, and contrasted with other massive young stellar objects that drive ionized jets.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures, accepted by ApJ, minor changes in light of referees repor

BLACK HOLES IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL DILATON GRAVITY THEORIES

Three dimensional black holes in a generalized dilaton gravity action theory are analysed. The theory is specified by two fields, the dilaton and the graviton, and two parameters, the cosmological constant and the Brans-Dicke parameter. It contains seven different cases, of which one distinguishes as special cases, string theory, general relativity and a theory equivalent to four dimensional general relativity with one Killing vector. We study the causal structure and geodesic motion of null and timelike particles in the black hole geometries and find the ADM masses of the different solutions.Comment: 19 pages, latex, 4 figures as uuencoded postscript file