The impact of the prevailing organizational culture on the adoption of green marketing in chemical-industry companies in three Arab states in west Asia

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the prevailing organizational culture on the adoption of green marketing in chemical-industry companies in three countries: Syria, Kuwait and Jordan. The research used a survey methodology. A questionnaire was designed and administered simultaneously in the three countries using three different samples consisting of 220 respondents, 12 respondents, and 132 respondents, respectively. The questionnaires collected from the three samples were coded and analyzed. The study concluded that the organizational culture in the samples from the three countries has positive attitudes towards the adoption of green marketing. The Kuwaiti sample has the highest level of positive attitudes in comparison with the other two samples. The task-oriented culture is the dominant prevailing organizational culture in the chemical-industry companies located in Syria and Jordan, but a fulfillment-oriented culture is the dominant prevailing organizational culture in chemical-industry companies located in Kuwait. Our analysis shows that the impact of the prevailing organizational culture differs in accordance with differences in employee education level, country, and years of experience.Organizational culture; Chemical industrial companies; Green marketing; Culture

PATIENT SATISFACTION EVALUATION ON HOSPITALS; COMPARISON STUDY BETWEEN ACCREDITED AND NON ACCREDITED HOSPITALS IN JORDAN

The research aim is to compare accredited and non-accredited hospitals in relation to patient's satisfaction in Jordan and to address the question if there is a correlation between patient's satisfaction and accreditation. The researchers adopt a quantitative methodology. T test was used to test the main hypotheses. Patient satisfaction was measured using the SERVQUAL scale (tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy). 1000 questionnaires were distributed to stratified random sample of hospitals' inpatients. The results show considerable evidence that accreditation significantly improves patients' satisfaction. Accordingly, accreditation programs should be reinforced as a tool to improve health service quality

Can Cause-Related Marketing (CRM) ‘Light’ up the Brand Image? An Insight into the Perceptions of Jordanian Consumers

The main aim of this research study is to examine the influence of Cause-Related Marketing (CRM) campaigns on the perceived brand image, brand loyalty and intention to buy among Jordanian customers. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 300 shoppers by using convenience sampling in Amman, Jordan. The results of the study showed that CRM is mainly used by corporations in order to demonstrate their commitment to charitable behavior and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The study revealed that customers in Jordan understand the underlying idea and purpose of CRM practice and have clear perceptions and attitudes about it. Keywords: Cause-Related Marketing (CRM), Brand Image, Purchase Intention, Solidarity Purchase, Brand Loyalty, Consumer Buying Behavior, Commitment to Society. JEL Classifications: M31 DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-36-02 Publication date: December 31st 202

Chromium and lead contamination in commercial poultry feeds of Bangladesh

Heavy metals contamination into food chain is considered as an emerging crisis throughout the world especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. The concentration of heavy metals including Cr and Pb in commercial poultry feed samples (protein meal feed, meat and bone meal and fish meal feed) were detected by using Air/ Acetylene Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean concentration of heavy metals were found in protein meal feed in a range where Cr 10.63 to 218.10 mg kg-1 and Pb 7.37 to 52.25 mg kg-1. In meat and bone meal feed samples, Cr was recorded from 9.15 to 40.59 mg kg-1 and Pb 5.0 to 61.42 mg kg-1. Cr was found 17.68 to 78.39 mg kg-1 and Pb 3.54to 16.44 mg kg-1 in fish meal feed samples. However, results showed that all feed samples contained chromium and lead where both metals were present at alarming levels in most of the samples. It is therefore suggested that regular detection of heavy metals especially Cr and Pb should be done to evaluate the health risks and to protect the end user from food that might harmful for their health.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 6 (2): 57-60, December, 201

Examining marketing cyber-security in the digital age: Evidence from marketing platforms

The current study aimed to examine marketing cyber-security (DDoS Attacks, Cross-Site Scripting, SQL Attacks, and passwords attacks) in the digital age by presenting evidence from digital marketing platforms. Depending on the quantitative approach and utilizing a questionnaire as a tool, (133) marketing managers in digital marketing companies in Jordan responded to an online questionnaire. SPSS was used to screen and analyze the gathered data. Results of the study accepted the main hypothesis, and it appeared that marketing cyber-security has a statistically positive influence on marketing platforms, in addition to that, it appeared that the highest influence of sub-variables was for the benefit of Structured Query Language (SQL) Attacks explaining 35.8% of the variation. This result meant that SQL attacks-security does have a statistically positive influence on marketing platforms. This hypothesis could be tested through various methodologies, for example, surveys, interviews, focus groups, and/or experiments. The study recommended that marketers should use role-based access to limit the data employees can access and regularly review their permissions. Further recommendations were presented in the study

The impact of marketing auditing on employee’s commitment with marketing ethics in Jordanian Five star Hotels

The study aims to investigate the impact of marketing auditing on employee’s commitment with marketing ethics in Jordanian Five star Hotels. The study population consisted of Jordanian Five stars Hotels employees. A questionnaire was distributed over a convenience sample amounting 200. 125 questionnaires were collected, that is (62.5%) of the total sample. The study results indicated that marketing auditing has positive impact on employee’s commitment with marketing ethics in Jordanian Five star Hotels. There are significant differences in marketing auditing impact on employee’s obligations with marketing ethics in Jordanian Five star Hotels due to gender, academic qualification and experience

Common MEFV mutations in Egyptian patients with familial Mediterranean fever

Background: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) which is an autosomal recessive condition that primarily affect population of the Mediterranean basin. If undiagnosed effectively and treated with colchicine for life it may lead to serious consequences in terms of renal amyloidosis and renal failure. Objectives: We aim to check for the presence of FMF mutations in clinically suspected Egyptian patients, as an important step for family counseling and case management. Subjects and Methods: The study is a pilot study to check for the presence of FMF mutations among suspected cases (24 cases) from Sharkia Governorate. The control subjects (24) were selected from healthy volunteers. We examined FMF mutations by PCR technique for MEFV gene analysis in order to establish a diagnosis of FMF by examining two mutations, M694V and E148Q. Results: We found 58.3% (14/24 cases) of cohort were positive for M694V mutation, and all cohort were negative for E148Q mutation. The normal controls were negative for previous two mutations. Conclusions: PCR technique provides a rapid, reliable, cost-effective, noninvasive, and sensitive test for establishing a diagnosis of FMF in symptomatic patients and also provides a rational basis for medical and genetic counseling of FMF patients and their families.Key Words: FMF, MEFV, mutations, Egypt

Towards Customer's Emotion Management in Marketing: The Role of customers' Emotions on Their Experience

This research study aims at understanding the role of the customers' emotion towards a certain product/service in their experience. In another word, this research aims at finding the relationship between the customers' emotions and the way it influences their experience in a certain purchasing process. A questionnaire was distributed on a random sample of mall visitors through a period of 30 days (month) and it was based on variables including; A) shop clerk's sex, uniform and emotional behavior B) shop's environment C) clerks' friendliness. The results show that positive emotions of the customers which are connected to a positive shopping experience is influential and hence can lead to a positive purchasing decision, in addition to that, it was found out that the shop clerk's positive emotions is very important in supporting the client with a good shopping experience in the store. The gender was also a notion that worth to be noted based on the idea that the results supported that concept of the opposites meet. Finally, the uniform and dress codes for the shopping assistants appeared to be the least influential factor of all. Keywords: Customer emotions, customer experience, in-store customer emotions, provider/buyer encounte

Secure Proximity-Based Identity Pairing using an Untrusted Signalling Service

New protocols such as WebRTC promise seamless in-browser peer-to-peer communications that in theory remove the need for third-party services. In practice, widespread use of Firewalls, NATS and dynamic IP addresses mean that overlay addressing or use of some fixed rendezvous point is still needed. In this paper we describe a proximity-based pairing scheme that uses a signalling service to minimise the trust requirements on the third party, achieving anonymity and avoiding the need for PKI, while still requiring only a simple asymmetric pairing protocol