A Study on Kudal Kirumi

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: AIM: Kudal Kirumi (Worm infestations) is prevalent world wide and more in regions with poor standards of personal and food hygiene and inadequate sanitation. It is said that 40% of world’s population are affected. In tropics expecially children are more prone to infestation due to over crowding and lack of knowledge. The principle aim of study of Kudal Kirumi with clinical study is to collect and review the views and ideas of the ancient Siddhars about this disease, having this basic aim in mind the following aim have been drawn. OBJECTIVE: 1. To make a clinical study on the basis of Siddha Literature. 2. To utilize the diagnostic methods mentioned by the Siddhars. 3. To make a comparative study on Naakkupuchi Noi and Masarai Puzhu Noi regarding their incidence & their effects on age, sex, occupation, etc. 4. To know the extent of correlation of aetiology, signs and symptoms of Naakkupuchi Noi with Ascariasis and Masarai Puzhu Noi with Giardiasis. 5. To use modern parameters in the investigation of the disease that enhances to observe the progress of the patient. 6. To have clinical trial on Kudal Kirumi with Vidangathi Chooranam. 7. To do the Pharmacological and Bio-chemical analysis of the drug. 8. To high light the factors like diet, land climate condition and mainly the hygienic measures in the incidence Naakkupuchi Noi & Masarai Puzhu Noi. 9. To make an awareness about the disease and counselling to the patients about the hygienic life. SUUMARY Infection is most prevalent in tropical and subtropical climates due to lack of sanitary facilities or the use of human faeces as fertilizer (night soil). Infection may also be acquired through ingestion of contaminated fruits and vegetables. Most infected individuals are asymptomatic due to low worm load. Clinical manifestations occur due to intestinal complications. Twenty patients from both sexes of different age groups were selected and a careful detailed history was elicited and diagnosis was made on both the siddha and modern methodology. Among 20 persons 12 were male and 8 were female. The patients were treated with “Vidangathi Chooranam” internally in the in-patient ward of postgraduate Kuzhanthai marathuvam department. Modern investigation also be done. Some of the patients varied in sex, age & in all other respect such as socio-economic status. I took a statistics with the aid of details mentioned in the case sheet. The detailed clinical analysis of the trail drug is done in the Bio- Chemical laboratory in Government siddha medical college, Palayamkottai. The pharmacological analysis of trial drug was done in the dept. of pharmacology in Government Siddha Madical College, Palayamkottai. The drug Vidangathi Chooranam is having good laxative action, very good anti spasmodic action and good antihistamine action. During the course of treatment no signs of complications were reported & recorded. On the basis of clinical results achieved with the evidences of faeces examination at the time of admission and discharge the Vidangathi Chooranam” was proved to be more effective in anthelmintic action for Ascariasis and for Giardiasis, where more than 80% of the cases were completely relieved. CONCLUSION In this clinical study results were found to be satisfactory. Almost the clinical feature of Naakku Puchi correlates with Ascariasis and Masaraipuzhu noi with Giardiasis. The results revealted that the predisposing factors for Naakku Puchi Noi and Masaraipuzhu Noi were contaminated food, unhygienic habits, lack of environmental sanitation and poor socioeconomic condition of the affected person. The trail drug Vidangathi chooranam was effective and given good results in the present research finding show that 80% cases how been completed cured and 20% cases showed moterate relief study. The preparation and administration of the trail drug was very simple economically cheap, easily available. Clinically the drugs are free from adverse effects. So it is concluded that the drug Vidangathi Chooranam was very effective in the treatment of Naakku Puchi Noi and Masaraipuzhu Noi

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous extract leaves of Murraya koenigii linn in small animal models

Background: The present study was carried out to evaluate the analgesic activity of aqueous extract leaves of Murraya koenigii linn in Albino rats using tail flick method, Eddy’s hot plate methods and anti-inflammatory activity in Carrageenan induced paw edema in rats.Methods: The analgesic activity was evaluated using Eddy’s hot plate induced hyperalgesia and tail flick method, which served as thermal induced pain, where the animal were placed on the hot plate and the reaction time to (lick the paw/jump out) from the hot plate was observed, 0, 30, 60, 90 mins. Murraya 300 mg, 600 mg/kg/body weight (BW) and ibuprofen (5 mg/kg BW) was administered per oral. The anti-inflammatory activity was measured by Carrageenan induced paw edema volumes at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hrs using mercury plethysmometer, which served as chemical induced pain models.Results:  The mean reaction time in Murraya at a dose of 600 mg/kg at 0 min 5.45±0.72, at 30 mins 6.52±1.03, at 60 mins 7.6±0.81, at 90 mins 8.8±0.63 respectively. The mean reaction time increased significantly with Murraya at dose of 600 mg/kg when compared with control.In the ibuprofen group, the mean reaction time at 0 hr was 0.28±0.04, at 1 hr 0.34±0.05, at 2 hrs 0.46±0.03, at 3 hrs 0.61±0.05, at 4 hrs 0.76±0.05. The mean reaction time Murraya in group 600 mg/kg at 0 hr 0.27±0.04, at 1 hrs 0.39±0.03, at 2 hrs 0.48±0.06, at 3 hrs 0.68±0.05, at 6 hrs 0.80±0.03, respectively.Conclusions: The results indicate that the aqueous extract of Murraya (leaf) extract revealed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory in thermal and chemical induced pain models

IoT-Enhanced Healthcare: A Patient Care Evaluation Using the IoT Healthcare Test

Empirical insights into the significant effects of IoT-Enhanced Healthcare on patient care and health outcomes are provided by this study. The transformational potential of IoT technology is shown by data generated from a varied patient group, which includes continuous monitoring of blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, and blood glucose levels via IoT devices. The usage of IoT devices is directly correlated with greater cardiovascular stability, as shown by consistently normal vital signs, according to statistical assessments. Additionally, the data highlights how patients using IoT devices have better control over their blood glucose levels, as seen by fewer cases of increased glucose levels. Evaluations of the quality of patient care show improved levels of satisfaction, efficacy of therapy, and communication, highlighting the benefits of IoT-Enhanced Healthcare. The evaluation of the outcomes of the IoT Healthcare Test confirms the precision and dependability of IoT devices in medical diagnosis, highlighting the significance of IoT-Enhanced Healthcare in transforming patient care. Together, these results provide strong evidence of IoT's ability to improve patient outcomes, treatment quality, and patient health

From synthesis to bioactivity: A comprehensive study of Cu-based biocidal tool

The present study reports on the biogenic synthesis of a copper-based biocidal material through the fermentation of gruel, a traditional non-alcoholic beverage. This process may involve a bio-beneficiation mechanism, in which the indigenous microorganisms in the ferment interact with the material. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the powder's crystalline copper composition. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the crucial role of organic acids in the capping process. Transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted to characterize the powder. Furthermore, the biocidal material was combined with the anticancer drug curcumin to explore its additional anti-proliferative effects, including apoptosis, on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines in vitro. These findings highlight the potential of this biogenic copper material as a promising candidate for biomedical applications

Swarms of ctenophore Pleurobrachia pileus (O. F. Müller, 1776) in the waters of Sundarban: A menace to the fisheries?

1089-1092An unusual swarm of Pleurobrachia pileus (O. F. Müller, 1776) was recorded in the Sundarban coastal waters of Bay of Bengal, Northern Indian Ocean during the winter monsoon season of 2018. The species occurred in the Sundarban waters with an average abundance of 6,766 individual m-3 which in turn diminished the population of other zooplankton and fish. The hydrographical characters observed in the swarm stations favoured the proliferation of Pleurobrachia pileus and the unique factors were low temperature (18.9 – 20.9 °C), high salinity (~24 psu) and associated high biological production. The phenomenon of P. pileus swarm has not been reported earlier from the coastal waters of Sundarban, therefore, our incidental observation provides further insight to explore the study area

A Spitzer Survey for Dust in Type IIn Supernovae

Recent observations suggest that Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn) may exhibit late-time (>100 days) infrared (IR) emission from warm dust more than other types of core-collapse SNe. Mid-IR observations, which span the peak of the thermal spectral energy distribution, provide useful constraints on the properties of the dust and, ultimately, the circumstellar environment, explosion mechanism, and progenitor system. Due to the low SN IIn rate (<10% of all core-collapse SNe), few IR observations exist for this subclass. The handful of isolated studies, however, show late-time IR emission from warm dust that, in some cases, extends for five or six years post-discovery. While previous Spitzer/IRAC surveys have searched for dust in SNe, none have targeted the Type IIn subclass. This article presents results from a warm Spitzer/IRAC survey of the positions of all 68 known SNe IIn within a distance of 250 Mpc between 1999 and 2008 that have remained unobserved by Spitzer more than 100 days post-discovery. The detection of late-time emission from ten targets (~15%) nearly doubles the database of existing mid-IR observations of SNe IIn. Although optical spectra show evidence for new dust formation in some cases, the data show that in most cases the likely origin of the mid-IR emission is pre-existing dust, which is continuously heated by optical emission generated by ongoing circumstellar interaction between the forward shock and circumstellar medium. Furthermore, an emerging trend suggests that these SNe decline at ~1000--2000 days post-discovery once the forward shock overruns the dust shell. The mass-loss rates associated with these dust shells are consistent with luminous blue variable (LBV) progenitors.Comment: Accepted for publication to ApJ, 17 pages, 10 figures, 10 table

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causal agent of vascular wilt disease of tomato: Biology to diversity– A review

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the widely grown vegetables worldwide. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is the significant contributory pathogen of tomato vascular wilt. The initial symptoms of the disease appear in the lower leaves gradually, trail by wilting of the plants. It has been reported that FOL penetrates the tomato plant, colonizing and leaving the vascular tissue dark brown, and this discoloration extends to the apex, leading to the plants wilting, collapsing and dying. Therefore, it has been widely accepted that wilting caused by this fungus is the result of a combination of various physiological activities, including the accumulation of fungal mycelia in and around xylem, mycotoxin production, inactivation of host defense, and the production of tyloses; however, wilting symptoms are variable. Therefore, the selection of molecular markers may be a more effective means of screening tomato races. Several studies on the detection of FOL have been carried out and have suggested the potency of the technique for diagnosing FOL. This review focuses on biology and variability of FOL, understanding and presenting a holistic picture of the vascular wilt disease of tomato in relation to disease model, biology, virulence. We conclude that genomic and proteomic approachesare greater tools for identification of informative candidates involved in pathogenicity, which can be considered as one of the approaches in managing the disease