La Traza Oculta de la Plaza de Toros de la Real Maestranza de Caballería de Sevilla. Sobre la Geometría de su Planta

Perhaps one of the most showy characteristics of the Bullring of the Real Maestranza de Caballeria of Seville is the singularity of its geometric layout, the irregularity of its arena. An unusual form to which no convincing justification has been found. There are no documents that explain it in the archives of the Corporation and there is no doubt about the solvency and dexterity of the major teachers, military engineers and architects who built it over a hundred and twenty years. Now, we think we have found an explanation for this irregular geometry. A reasoning based on the history of it construction, also in the observation of the historical and new planimetry, and especially in the knowledge that has provided us with the building of the works of reform and conservation carried out In it during these last years.Quizás una de las características más llamativas de la Plaza de la Real Maestranza de Caballería de Sevilla sea la singularidad de su traza, la irregularidad de su ruedo. Una forma insólita a la que no se ha encontrado justificación convincente. No existen documentos que la expliquen en los archivos de la Corporación y tampoco puede dudarse de la solvencia y destreza de los maestros mayores, ingenieros militares y arquitectos que a lo largo de ciento veinte años la levantaron. Ahora, creemos haber encontrado una explicación a esa geometría irregular. Un razonamiento basado en la historia de su construcción, también en la observación tanto de la planimetría histórica conservada como de los nuevos levantamientos, y sobre todo en el conocimiento que nos han proporcionado del edificio las obras de reforma y conservación llevadas a cabo en ella durante estos últimos años

Evolución del proyecto del Salto del Jándula. Proceso de integración de la central hidroeléctrica en el cuerpo de presa

The Salto of Jandula is one of the paradigmatic civil works of the 20th century. Its characteristic hydroelectric power station attached to the dam has made it an indisputable reference among architects, engineers and historians. And this polyhedral look is not accidental, since from its beginning, it was proposed as a multidisciplinary project related to large territorial plans. Irrigation in the Guadalquivir valley and an ambitious project to channel the river between Córdoba and Seville were the reasons why this work was built, but the origin of the unique solution that characterizes its hydroelectric use is less known and is actually a result decanted throughout successive projects.El Salto del Jándula es una de las obras civiles paradigmáticas del siglo XX. Su característica central hidroeléctrica adosada al cuerpo de presa la ha convertido en referencia indiscutible entre arquitectos, ingenieros o historiadores. Y esta mirada poliédrica no es casual, pues desde su inicio se planteó como un proyecto multidisciplinar ligado a grandes planes territoriales. El riego en el valle del Guadalquivir y un ambicioso proyecto de canalización del río entre Córdoba y Sevilla fueron las razones por la que esta obra se llevaría a término, mas el origen de la singular solución que caracteriza su aprovechamiento hidroeléctrico es menos conocido siendo en realidad un resultado decantado a lo largo de sucesivos proyectos

New distributional records for bats of the Argentine Patagonia and the southernmost known record for a molossid bat in the world

We add new localities to the distribution of bats of the families Molossidae and Vespertilionidae in south- ern Argentina. We report the southernmost known record for any bat species of the family Molossidae in the world, which corresponds to a locality in the Argentine province of Santa Cruz, for Tadarida brasiliensis. Also, new records of this species are added to the provinces of Chubut and Río Negro. Additionally, we provide new localities that extend the distribution of some species of Vespertilioni- dae, by adding Histiotus magellanicus and Lasiurus varius to Chubut, and new records for Histiotus montanus to Santa Cruz and for Myotis chiloensis to Chubut and Tierra del Fuego.Fil: Díaz, María Mónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentina. Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina; ArgentinaFil: Barquez, Ruben Marcos. Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Carbajal, Mirta N.. Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina; Argentina. Fundación Inalafquen; ArgentinaFil: Failla, Mauricio. Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina; Argentina. Fundación Inalafque; Argentin

Modelado numérico para estudiar interfases fluido-sólidas ante excitaciones dinámicas

ResumenEste trabajo trata sobre la propagación de ondas en interfases fluido-sólidas debidas a excitaciones dinámicas, que son conocidas como ondas de Scholte. Se ha estudiado una amplia gama de materiales sólidos elásticos empleados en la ingeniería. La interfase une un medio acústico (fluido) y otro sólido. Se ha demostrado que por medio de un análisis de ondas difractadas en un fluido es posible deducir las características mecánicas del medio sólido, específicamente sus velocidades de propagación. Para este propósito, el campo difractado de onda de presión y desplazamientos, debido a una onda inicial de presión en el fluido, se expresa mediante las representaciones integrales de frontera, las cuales satisfacen la ecuación de movimiento. La presión inicial en el fluido es representada mediante una función de Hankel de segunda especie y orden cero. La solución a este problema de propagación de ondas se obtiene por medio del método indirecto de elementos frontera, que es equivalente al bien conocido teorema de representación de Somigliana. La validación de los resultados se realiza por medio del método del número de onda discreto. En primer lugar, se muestran espectros de presiones que ilustran el comportamiento del fluido para cada material sólido considerado, y después se aplica la transformada rápida de Fourier para mostrar los resultados en el dominio del tiempo, donde se ejemplifica la aparición de las ondas de Scholte y la cantidad de energía que transportan.AbstractThis work shows the wave propagation in fluid-solid interfaces due to dynamic excitations, such interface waves are known as Scholte's waves. We studied a wide range of elastic solid materials used in engineering. The interface connects an acoustic medium (fluid) and another solid. It has been shown that by means of an analysis of diffracted waves in a fluid, it is possible to deduce the mechanical characteristics of the solid medium, specifically, its propagation velocities. For this purpose, the diffracted field of pressures and displacements, due to an initial pressure in the fluid, are expressed using boundary integral representations, which satisfy the equation of motion. The initial pressure in the fluid is represented by a Hankel's function of second kind and zero order. The solution to this problem of wave propagation is obtained by means of the Indirect Boundary Element Method, which is equivalent to the well-known Somigliana's representation theorem. The validation of the results was performed by means of the Discrete Wave Number Method. Firstly, spectra of pressures to illustrate the behavior of the fluid for each solid material considered are included, then, the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm to display the results in the time domain is applied, where the emergence of Scholte's waves and the amount of energy that they carry are highlighted

Differences in Attachment, Resilience, and Negative Affect in Non-Treatment-Seeking and Treatment-Seeking EMS Professionals

Emergency medical service (EMS) professionals have a stressful vocation, inarguably worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic, which affects their mental health and makes them a vulnerable population warranting further study. However, to date, no published research has compared non-treatment and treatment-seeking EMS professionals in the same greater metropolitan area. In this study, we examined differences and similarities among the non-treatment-seeking EMS professionals (n = 57) from a local EMS agency and treatment-seeking EMS personnel (n = 53) from a non-profit community treatment center on six assessment instruments that measure attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, resilience, depression, generalized anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidality. The Mann-Whitney U test revealed attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, depression, generalized anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were significantly higher in the treatment-seeking sample compared to the non-treatment-seeking group

Differences in Suicidality in Non–Treatment-Seeking and Treatment-Seeking Law Enforcement Officers: A Cross-sectional Study

Objective: Law enforcement officers (LEOs) are exposed to high levels of occupational trauma and face added stress from heightened public scrutiny and COVID-19, which may result in suicide. It is crucial to understand differences between LEOs who seek treatment and those who do not. Method: We compared LEOs from the same greater metropolitan area who sought treatment with those who did not. Participants completed validated measures assessing posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety, depression, and suicidality. Results: The treatment-seeking sample scores were higher on all standardized assessments. Bivariate logistic regression results indicated that the non–treatment-seeking sample\u27s odds of experiencing suicidality were 1.76 times the odds for the treatment seeking sample. Conclusions: This suggests that many LEOs experiencing suicidality may not be seeking treatment and highlights the role that posttraumatic stress disorder may play in determining whether LEOs seek treatment or not

Propagation of Rayleighs waves in cracked media

Este trabajo está enfocado a la obtención de resultados numéricos que permitan la detección y caracterización de grietas sub-superficiales en sólidos mediante la incidencia de ondas elásticas de Rayleigh. Los resultados se obtienen a partir de ecuaciones integrales de frontera, que pertenecen al campo de la elastodinámica. Una vez que se aplican las condiciones de frontera se obtiene un sistema de ecuaciones integrales del tipo Fredholm de segunda especie y orden cero, el cual es resuelto mediante eliminación gaussiana. El método que se emplea para la discretización de dichas ecuaciones es conocido como «método indirecto de elementos frontera», el cual puede ser visto como una derivación del teorema clásico de Somigliana. A partir de los análisis realizados en el dominio de la frecuencia emergen picos de resonancia que permiten inferir la presencia de grietas mediante los cocientes espectrales. Se analizaron varios modelos de medios agrietados donde se pretende evidenciar la gran utilidad que presenta el uso de los cocientes espectrales para identificar grietas. Se estudiaron los efectos de la orientación y la localización de las grietas. Los resultados obtenidos presentan buena concordancia con los publicados previamente.This work is focused on the finding of numerical results for detection and characterization of sub-surface cracks in solids under the incidence of Rayleighs elastic waves. The results are obtained from boundary integral equations, which belong to the field of dynamics of elasticity. Once applied the boundary conditions, a system of Fredholms integral equations of second kind and zero order is obtained, which is solved using Gaussian elimination. The method that is used for the solution of such integral equations is known as the Indirect Boundary Element Method, which can be seen as a derivation of the Somiglianas classic theorem. On the basis of the analysis made in the frequency domain, resonance peaks emerge and allow us to infer the presence of cracks through the spectral ratios. Several models of cracked media were analyzed, where analyses reveal the great utility that displays the use of spectral ratios to identify cracks. We studied the effects of orientation and location of cracks. The results show good agreement with the previously published.Peer Reviewe

Zebrafish behavioural profiling identifies GABA and serotonin receptor ligands related to sedation and paradoxical excitation.

Anesthetics are generally associated with sedation, but some anesthetics can also increase brain and motor activity-a phenomenon known as paradoxical excitation. Previous studies have identified GABAA receptors as the primary targets of most anesthetic drugs, but how these compounds produce paradoxical excitation is poorly understood. To identify and understand such compounds, we applied a behavior-based drug profiling approach. Here, we show that a subset of central nervous system depressants cause paradoxical excitation in zebrafish. Using this behavior as a readout, we screened thousands of compounds and identified dozens of hits that caused paradoxical excitation. Many hit compounds modulated human GABAA receptors, while others appeared to modulate different neuronal targets, including the human serotonin-6 receptor. Ligands at these receptors generally decreased neuronal activity, but paradoxically increased activity in the caudal hindbrain. Together, these studies identify ligands, targets, and neurons affecting sedation and paradoxical excitation in vivo in zebrafish

Comparación de columna total de ozono OMI-DOAS con mediciones terrestres en Argentina

Total ozone column (TOC) measurements through the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI/NASA EOSAura) are compared with ground-based observations made using Dobson and SAOZ instruments for the period 2004–2019 and 2008–02/2020, respectively. The OMI data were inverted using the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy algorithm (overpass OMI-DOAS). The four ground-based sites used for the analysis are located in subpolar and subtropical latitudes spanning from 34°S to 54°S in the Southern Hemisphere, in the Argentine cities of Buenos Aires (34.58°S, 58.36°W; 25 m a.s.l.), Comodoro Rivadavia (45.86°S, 67.50°W; 46 m a.s.l.), Río Gallegos (51.60°S, 69.30°W; 72 m a.s.l.) and Ushuaia (54.80°S, 68.30°W; 14 m a.s.l.). The linear regression analyzes showed correlation values greater than 0.90 for all sites. The OMI measurements revealed an overestimation of less than 4 % with respect to the Dobson instruments, while the comparison with the SAOZ instrument presented a very low underestimation of less than 1 %.En este trabajo se comparan mediciones de columna total de ozono (CTO) del Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI/NASA EOS-Aura), con observaciones terrestres de instrumentos Dobson y SAOZ para el periodo 2004–2019 y 2008–02/2020, respectivamente. Los datos del OMI analizados fueron los invertidos mediante el algoritmo Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (overpass OMI-DOAS). Las 4 estaciones terrestres están ubicadas en latitudes subpolares y subtropicales del Hemisferio Sur, en las ciudades argentinas de Buenos Aires (34,58°S, 58,36°O; 25 m s.n.m.), Comodoro Rivadavia (45,86°S, 67,50°O; 46 m s.n.m.), Río Gallegos (51,60°S, 69,30°O; 72 m s.n.m.) y Ushuaia (54,80°S, 68,30°O; 14 m s.n.m.) cubriendo un rango latitudinal desde los 34°S hasta los 54°S. Los análisis de regresión lineal presentan valores de correlación superior a 0,90. Las mediciones OMI– DOAS muestran una sobrestimación menor al 4 % respecto de los instrumentos Dobson, mientras que la comparación respecto al instrumento SAOZ presenta una muy baja subestimación, menor al 1 %.Fil: Orte, Pablo Facundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Luccini, Eduardo Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Facultad de Química e Ingeniería-Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Wolfram, Elian Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Nollas, Fernando Martin. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Servicio Metereológico Nacional (sede Dorrego).; ArgentinaFil: Pallotta, Juan Vicente. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: D'elia, Raul Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Carbajal, G.. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Servicio Metereológico Nacional (sede Dorrego).; ArgentinaFil: Mbatha, N.. University of Zululand; SudáfricaFil: Hlongwana, N.. University of Zululand; Sudáfric

Two-dimensional probabilistic inversion of plane-wave electromagnetic data: Methodology, model constraints and joint inversion with electrical resistivity data

Probabilistic inversion methods based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation are well suited to quantify parameter and model uncertainty of nonlinear inverse problems. Yet, application of such methods to CPU-intensive forward models can be a daunting task, particularly if the parameter space is high dimensional. Here, we present a 2-D pixel-based MCMC inversion of plane-wave electromagnetic (EM) data. Using synthetic data, we investigate how model parameter uncertainty depends on model structure constraints using different norms of the likelihood function and the model constraints, and study the added benefits of joint inversion of EM and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data. Our results demonstrate that model structure constraints are necessary to stabilize the MCMC inversion results of a highly discretized model. These constraints decrease model parameter uncertainty and facilitate model interpretation. A drawback is that these constraints may lead to posterior distributions that do not fully include the true underlying model, because some of its features exhibit a low sensitivity to the EM data, and hence are difficult to resolve. This problem can be partly mitigated if the plane-wave EM data is augmented with ERT observations. The hierarchical Bayesian inverse formulation introduced and used herein is able to successfully recover the probabilistic properties of the measurement data errors and a model regularization weight. Application of the proposed inversion methodology to field data from an aquifer demonstrates that the posterior mean model realization is very similar to that derived from a deterministic inversion with similar model constraints