17 research outputs found
The Hamburg/ESO R-process Enhanced Star survey (HERES). V. Detailed abundance analysis of the r-process enhanced star HE 2327-5642
We report on a detailed abundance analysis of the strongly r-process enhanced
giant star, HE 2327-5642 ([Fe/H] = -2.78, [r/Fe] = +0.99). Determination of
stellar parameters and element abundances was based on analysis of high-quality
VLT/UVES spectra. The surface gravity was calculated from the NLTE ionization
balance between Fe I and Fe II, and Ca I and Ca II. Accurate abundances for a
total of 40 elements and for 23 neutron-capture elements beyond Sr and up to Th
were determined. The heavy element abundance pattern of HE 2327-5642 is in
excellent agreement with those previously derived for other strongly r-process
enhanced stars. Elements in the range from Ba to Hf match the scaled Solar
r-process pattern very well. No firm conclusion can be drawn with respect to a
relationship between the fisrt neutron-capture peak elements, Sr to Pd, in HE
2327-5642 and the Solar r-process, due to the uncertainty of the latter. A
clear distinction in Sr/Eu abundance ratios was found between the halo stars
with different europium enhancement. The strongly r-process enhanced stars
reveal a low Sr/Eu abundance ratio at [Sr/Eu] = -0.92+-0.13, while the stars
with 0 < [Eu/Fe] < 1 and [Eu/Fe] < 0 have 0.36 dex and 0.93 dex larger Sr/Eu
values, respectively. Radioactive dating for HE 2327-5642 with the observed
thorium and rare-earth element abundance pairs results in an average age of
13.3 Gyr, when based on the high-entropy wind calculations, and 5.9 Gyr, when
using the Solar r-residuals. HE 2327-5642 is suspected to be radial-velocity
variable based on our high-resolution spectra, covering ~4.3 years.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, accepted to A&
The Hamburg/ESO R-process Enhanced Star survey (HERES) III. HE 0338-3945 and the formation of the r+s stars
We have derived abundances of 33 elements and upper limits for 6 additional
elements for the metal-poor ([Fe/H] = -2.42) turn-off star HE 0338-3945 from
high-quality VLT-UVES spectra. The star is heavily enriched, by about a factor
of 100 relative to iron and the Sun, in the heavy s-elements (Ba, La, ..). It
is also heavily enriched in Eu, which is generally considered an r-element, and
in other similar elements. It is less enriched, by about a factor of 10, in the
lighter s-elements (Sr, Y and Zr). C is also strongly enhanced and, to a
somewhat lesser degree, N and O. These abundance estimates are subject to
severe uncertainties due to NLTE and thermal inhomogeneities which are not
taken into detailed consideration. However, an interesting result, which is
most probably robust in spite of these uncertainties, emerges: the abundances
derived for this star are very similar to those of other stars with an overall
enhancement of all elements beyond the iron peak.
We have defined criteria for this class of stars, r+s stars, and discuss nine
different scenarios to explain their origin. None of these explanations is
found to be entirely convincing. The most plausible hypotheses involve a binary
system in which the primary component goes through its giant branch and
asymptotic giant branch phases and produces CNO and s-elements which are dumped
onto the observed star. Whether the r-element Eu is produced by supernovae
before the star was formed (perhaps triggering the formation of a low-mass
binary), by a companion as it explodes as a supernova (possibly triggered by
mass transfer), or whether it is possibly produced in a high-neutron-density
version of the s-process is still unclear. Several suggestions are made on how
to clarify this situation.Comment: Accepted for A&A; 22 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables. Table 2 is in
electronic form and available at http://www.astro.uu.se/~karin/table2.dat
with description at http://www.astro.uu.se/~karin/jonsellReadMe
Immunohistochemical differentiation and localization analysis of sweat glands in the adult human axilla
BACKGROUND: The classic concept of axillary glands differentiates between eccrine glands, producing abundant clear, nonodorous sweat; and apocrine glands, excreting small amounts of turbid, odorous milky sweat. A third type of sweat glands, the "apoeccrine" glands, were recently identified. To define the different types of sweat glands and their location and number, the authors carried out a prospective histologic study on adult human axillary skin, including various immunohistochemical markers. METHODS: Forty-three consecutive Caucasian, subjectively normhidrotic patients, who underwent a surgical procedure in the axilla unrelated to the axillary glands, were included in the study. For verification of normhidrosis, the gravimetric test was carried out by measuring the amount of sweat secretion per minute. Then, a 1 x 1-cm measuring piece of skin and subcutaneous tissue was excised in the apex of the axilla, divided into three samples--altogether, 129 samples--and processed for histologic examination. RESULTS: In the dermis, the authors found only very few eccrine (average, 0.3 gland/cm in only 12 percent of all patients) and apocrine glands (average, 0.1 gland/cm in only 4.7 percent of patients), and no apoeccrine glands in any patient. In the subcutaneous tissue, the mean number of glands per centimeter squared was 10 for the eccrine glands, nine for the apocrine glands, and six for the apoeccrine glands. CONCLUSIONS: In the authors' Caucasian subjects, all or most of the sweat glands were found in the subcutaneous tissue near the border to the dermis and not in the dermis. For extremely hyperfunctioning sweat glands, the authors recommend less radical surgical methods, with the preservation of skin, based on the knowledge that most glands are localized in the subcutaneous tissue
Behavior of hyperreflective foci in non-infectious uveitic macular edema, a 12-month follow-up prospective study
Effect of reader experience on variability, evaluation time and accuracy of coronary plaque detection with computed tomography coronary angiography
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of reader experience on variability, evaluation time and accuracy in the detection of coronary artery plaques with computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA). METHODS: Three independent, blinded readers with three different experience levels twice labelled 50 retrospectively electrocardiography (ECG)-gated contrast-enhanced dual-source CTCA data sets (15 female, age 67.3 +/- 10.4 years, range 46-86 years) indicating the presence or absence of coronary plaques. The evaluation times for the readings were recorded. Intra- and interobserver variability expressed as kappa statistics and sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values were calculated for plaque detection, with a consensus reading of the three readers taken as the standard of reference. A bootstrap method was applied in the statistical analysis to account for clustering. RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between reader experience and, respectively, evaluation times (r = -0.59, p < 0.05) and intraobserver variability (r = 0.73, p < 0.05). The evaluation time significantly differed among the readers (p < 0.05). The observer variability for plaque detection, compared with the consensus, varied between kappa = 0.582 and kappa = 0.802. Variability of plaque detection was significantly smaller (p < 0.05) and more accurate (p < 0.05) for the most experienced reader. CONCLUSION: Reader experience significantly correlated with observer variability, evaluation time and accuracy of coronary plaque detection at CTCA