Wind blown sands have buried and preserved the soil profiles of some lron Age soils near an Iron Age settlement in the present day Parish of Lodbjerg on the west coast of Jutland, Denmark. Some of these buried soils show signs of Iron Age agriculture, while others were not disturbed. The present study attempts to clarify this difference and to see how lron Age cultivation affected soil-forming processes. We have found that the cultivated soils contain an abundance of fine charcoal and silt, which is integrated with the top horizon of the soil. In fact, this can be used as a diagnostic criterion for the cultivated soils. Our physical and chemical data show that the ancient cultivation affected particle size distribution, distribution of organic matter, C/N ratio, and organic phosphorous content, as well as some other parameters
This paper presents some examples of geological methods applied to archaeological problems. The site is an Iron Age village at Heltborg, Thy, Northern Denmark. The very thick layer of occupation material found in this and other Iran Age villages in the area seems to come from the accumulation of grass turf walls of the houses. This explanation can be confirmed by the geological methods. The boundary between a brownish and a more gray horizon in the occupation material can be explained as a redox boundary. As such it is not related to any archaeological event and in fact crosses the archaeological horizons in the material. Micramorphological methods were used, especially on samples from a burnt house. Here it was possible to identify the floor material as till and to identify wattle and daub material. lt proved possible even to give a likely estimation of the appearance of the wall and the technique used in preparing the inside of the house
An improved corer and associated equipment for obtaining continuous samples of frozen peat are described. We developed the system through laboratory and field trials - on Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada in 2000 and Nordvestø, Carey Islands, Greenland, in 2001 - as part of efforts to collect continuous samples of Arctic peat cores for an environmental archive of heavy metal and persistent organic pollutants. A new system for precise slicing of frozen peat cores and accurate volumetric sub-sampling of slices is also described and illustrated, since pre-analytical preparation of the cores is important for accurate trace analyses, as well as for determination of net accumulation rates. The coring system is portable, weighing 26 kg with no fuel, motor, or samples. The system is designed for Arctic use. It recovers continuous cores up to 10 m below surface in sections 70 cm long and 9.7 cm in diameter, with a cutting head robust enough to penetrate slightly below the organics to probe the substrate. It takes a two-man team approximately 15 minutes per section for sampling and packing. The coring system costs about US 8000inpartsandlabor,plusthecostofthemotor.ItsadaptabilitywillmakeitusefulforrecoveringabroadrangeofQuaternarymaterialsfrozenintheArctic.Ondeˊcrituncarottierperfectionneˊ,ainsiquelemateˊrielauxiliaire,quipermetd′obtenirdeseˊchantillonsencontinudetourbegeleˊe.Lesysteˋmeaeˊteˊmisaupointaˋlasuited′essaisenlaboratoireetsurleterrain−dansl′ı^ledeBathurst(Canada)en2000etaˋNordvestødanslesı^lesCarey(Groenland)en2001−danslecadredetravauxvisantaˋrecueillirdeseˊchantillonsencontinudecarottesdetourbearctiquepourobtenirdesarchivesenvironnementalesdesmeˊtauxlourdsetdespolluantsorganiquespersistants.Enoutre,ondeˊcritetonillustreunnouveausysteˋmepermettantdetrancherlescarottesdetourbegeleˊedefac\conpreˊciseetd′enfaireunsous−eˊchantillonnagevolumeˊtriqueexact,vul′importancedelapreˊparationdescarottespoureffectueruneanalysedetracesrigoureuseainsiquepourdeˊterminerletauxnetd′accumulation.Avecunpoidsde26kgsanscarburant,moteurnieˊchantillons,lesysteˋmedecarottageestportable.Ilestconc\cupoure^treutiliseˊdansl′Arctique.Ilretiredeseˊchantillonsencontinujusqu′aˋuneprofondeurde10mdelasurface,ensectionsde70cmdelongetde9,7cmdediameˋtre,gra^ceaˋunete^tedecoupeassezrobustepourpeˊneˊtrerleˊgeˋrementsouslesdeˊpo^tsorganiquesetsonderlesubstratum.Ilfautenviron15minutesaˋuneeˊquipededeuxhommespoureffectuerl′eˊchantillonnageetl′emballaged′unesection.Leprixdusysteˋmedecarottageestd′environ8000 US en pièces et main-d'œuvre, plus le coût du moteur. Son adaptabilité le rendra utile pour extraire une vaste gamme de matériaux du quaternaire congelés dans l'Arctique
An improved corer and associated equipment for obtaining continuous samples of frozen peat are described. We developed the system through laboratory and field trials - on Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada in 2000 and Nordvestø, Carey Islands, Greenland, in 2001 - as part of efforts to collect continuous samples of Arctic peat cores for an environmental archive of heavy metal and persistent organic pollutants. A new system for precise slicing of frozen peat cores and accurate volumetric sub-sampling of slices is also described and illustrated, since pre-analytical preparation of the cores is important for accurate trace analyses, as well as for determination of net accumulation rates. The coring system is portable, weighing 26 kg with no fuel, motor, or samples. The system is designed for Arctic use. It recovers continuous cores up to 10 m below surface in sections 70 cm long and 9.7 cm in diameter, with a cutting head robust enough to penetrate slightly below the organics to probe the substrate. It takes a two-man team approximately 15 minutes per section for sampling and packing. The coring system costs about US 8000inpartsandlabor,plusthecostofthemotor.ItsadaptabilitywillmakeitusefulforrecoveringabroadrangeofQuaternarymaterialsfrozenintheArctic.Ondeˊcrituncarottierperfectionneˊ,ainsiquelemateˊrielauxiliaire,quipermetd′obtenirdeseˊchantillonsencontinudetourbegeleˊe.Lesysteˋmeaeˊteˊmisaupointaˋlasuited′essaisenlaboratoireetsurleterrain−dansl′ı^ledeBathurst(Canada)en2000etaˋNordvestødanslesı^lesCarey(Groenland)en2001−danslecadredetravauxvisantaˋrecueillirdeseˊchantillonsencontinudecarottesdetourbearctiquepourobtenirdesarchivesenvironnementalesdesmeˊtauxlourdsetdespolluantsorganiquespersistants.Enoutre,ondeˊcritetonillustreunnouveausysteˋmepermettantdetrancherlescarottesdetourbegeleˊedefac\conpreˊciseetd′enfaireunsous−eˊchantillonnagevolumeˊtriqueexact,vul′importancedelapreˊparationdescarottespoureffectueruneanalysedetracesrigoureuseainsiquepourdeˊterminerletauxnetd′accumulation.Avecunpoidsde26kgsanscarburant,moteurnieˊchantillons,lesysteˋmedecarottageestportable.Ilestconc\cupoure^treutiliseˊdansl′Arctique.Ilretiredeseˊchantillonsencontinujusqu′aˋuneprofondeurde10mdelasurface,ensectionsde70cmdelongetde9,7cmdediameˋtre,gra^ceaˋunete^tedecoupeassezrobustepourpeˊneˊtrerleˊgeˋrementsouslesdeˊpo^tsorganiquesetsonderlesubstratum.Ilfautenviron15minutesaˋuneeˊquipededeuxhommespoureffectuerl′eˊchantillonnageetl′emballaged′unesection.Leprixdusysteˋmedecarottageestd′environ8000 US en pièces et main-d'œuvre, plus le coût du moteur. Son adaptabilité le rendra utile pour extraire une vaste gamme de matériaux du quaternaire congelés dans l'Arctique
Epidemiologiske undersøgelser har vist, at grundstoffet arsen selv i små mængder kan forårsage alvorlige sygdomme. Grænseværdien i drikkevand er derfor sænket til en femtedel af den tidligere værdi. Det giver en del problemer for grundvandet som drikkevandsressource
Mars Simulerings Laboratoriet på Aarhus Universitet har bidraget med vigtig viden i forbindelse med Mars-missionerne, og der er også udsigt til, at igangværende projekter kommer i betragtning til NASAs og ESAs Mars-ekspeditioner i 2007 og 2011
Arctic permafrost soils store substantial reserves of organic matter (OM) from which microbial transformation contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions of CH4 and CO2. However, many younger sediments exposed by glacier retreat and sea level change in fjord landscapes lack significant organic carbon resources, so their capacity to promote greenhouse gas emissions is unclear. We therefore studied the effects of increased temperatures (4°C and 21°C) and OM on rates of Fe(III) reduction, CO2 production, and methanogenesis in three different Holocene sedimentary units from a single site within the former marine limit of Adventdalen, Svalbard. Higher temperature and OM addition generally stimulated CH4 production and CO2 production and an increase in Bacteria and Archaea abundance in all units, whereas an equal stimulation of Fe(II) production by OM amendment and an increase in temperature to 21°C was only observed in a diamicton. We observed an accumulation of Fe(II) in beach and delta deposits as well but saw no stimulating effect of additional OM or increased temperature. Interestingly, we observed a small but significant production of CH4 in all units despite the presence of large reservoirs of Fe(III), sulfate, and nitrate, indicating either the availability of substrates that are primarily used by methanogens or a tight physical coupling between fermentation and methanogenesis by direct electron transfer. Our study clearly illustrates a significant challenge that comes with the large heterogeneity on a narrow spatial scale that one encounters when studying soils that have complex histories.publishedVersio
В статье выделяются основные этапы процесса возникновения и развития еврейской прессы Крыма, вводится в научный оборот ряд еврейских изданий.У статті виділяються основні етапи процесу виникнення і розвитку єврейської преси Криму, вводиться в науковий обіг ряд єврейських видань.The article researches the Jewish Crimean mass-media
Языковая временная семантика в лингвистических исследованиях последних лет рассматривается как широкая сфера языковых/речевых отношений различных категорий (грамматических, функционально-
семантических, текстовых), т.е. как область пересечения, иногда концентрации аспектуального, собственно темпорального, таксисного и другого аналогичного содержания, где центральное место принадлежит
глагольной единице, потенциальные функциональные возможности которой и определяют указанные грамматические отношения