A magyar neveléstudomány fejlődésének új irányzatai a XX. század második felében = New Trends in the development of the hungarian science of education in the second half of the 20th century

A kutatás első szakasza a magyar szocialista neveléstudomány 1950-60-as években lezajló intézményesülése paradigmatikus jegyeinek bemutatására vállalkozott. A kutatás második része széleskörű külföldi szakirodalomra alapozva a neveléstudomány posztmodern fordulatának néhány a hazai tudományfejlődést is befolyásoló nemzetközi folyamatait vizsgálta. A kutatást záró harmadik része egy erre a célra kifejleszettt számítógépes diskurzuselemző program felhasználásával az 1996-2006 közötti időszak magyar neveléstudományi diskurzusainak kvalitatív elemezését végezte el négy hazai reprezentatív pedagógiai folyóirat szövegeinek alapján. Ennek keretében feltárásra kerültek 1. neveléstudomány és határtudományai kapcsolatának főbb sajátosságai, 2. az egyes folyóiratok szakirodalmi hivatkozásai alapján a különböző szakmai csoportok egymás közötti kommunikációjának főbb jellemzői, 3. a magyar neveléstudományi diskurzusok fontosabb referenciaszemélyei. A kutatás eredményeit egy 2005-ben megjelenő önálló monográfia (Németh A.: A magyar Neveléstudomány tudománytörténete, továbbá egy 2008-ban megjelenő magyar nyelvű tanulmánykötet (Biró Zsuzsa-Pap K. Tünde (szerk.): valamint két nyomdai előkészítés alatt álló munka, egy magyar (Németh A.- Biró Zs. (szerk.): és egy német, illetve angol nyelvű tanulmánykötet (Hopfner J.-Németh, A-Szabolcs É. (szerk.): Erziehungswissenschaft-Schule-Kindheit) foglalja össze. | The first part of the research aims at describing the paradigmatic features of the institualization of socialist educational science in the 1950s and 1960s. The second part of the research has studied international trends that led to the postmodern turn in educational science with an effect on Hungarian scientific developments, as well. In the third part of the research a qualitative analysis of Hungarian pedagogical discourses has been completed on the basis of texts published in four Hungarian educational journals between 1996 and 2006. The computer program that was used for the educational discourse?analysis was developed by doctoral students participating in the research team. The analysis has revealed (1) the main features of the relationship between educational science and its borderline disciplines, (2) the communication between professional groups, and (3) identified persons who dominated educational discourses in the last decade. The findings of the research have been summarized in a seperate monography by András Németh (A magyar neveléstudomány tudománytörténete), published in 2005; a collection of papers edited by Zsuzsa Bíró and Tünde K. Pap, published in 2008; and two collections of studies, one in Hungarian, edited by András Németh and Zsuzsa Bíró, and one in German and English, titled Erziehungswissenschaft-Schule-Kindheit, currently in press, edited by J. Hopfner, András Németh and Éva Szabolcs

Investigation and modeling of lactic acid fermentation on wheat starch via SSF, CHF and SHF technology

Starch based lactic acid fermentation technology was examined and optimized using a non-amylolitic, mesophilic lactic acid bacterium. Comparing simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) technologies several issues arose and applying the two techniques needed several compromises concerning the overall process time. A combined hydrolysis and fermentation method was developed which incorporate the advantages of SSF and SHF technologies: applying a time delay in inoculation and cutting down hydrolysis time before fermentation, an optimal inoculation and high efficiency was achieved by kinetic model aided experimental work. Experimental verification of the model gave an excellent productivity result: 4.32 g L^-1h^-1 calculated with only the fermentation time, and 2.88 g L^-1h^-1 calculated with the overall time of the two processes. With this method, hydrolysis and fermentation time was successfully reduced, enhancing lactic acid productivity and depressing production cost of this low-value chemical

Difficulties and solutions for the assays of the key enzymes of a new enzymatic glycerol bioconversion

For years our research group has been working on developing a new enzymatic method for the bioconversion of glycerol (a byproduct of biodiesel production) to 1,3-propanediol (PD) and 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA) simultaneously. Our bioconversion method applies three key enzymes in a membrane reactor with coenzyme regeneration: glycerol-dehydratase (GDHt) that produces 3-hydroxy-propionaldehyde (HPA) from glycerol; 1,3-propanediol-oxydoreductase (PDOR) that converts HPA into PD using NADH_2, that is then reoxydized by glycerol-dehydrogenase (GDH) during glycerol-DHA conversion. From an economical point of view crude enzyme solutions of sonicated K. pneumoniae and C. butyricum cells were used. In such a crude enzyme solution it was impossible to determine the GDHt activity with the assays known from the literature, thus a new method for GDHt activity determination was developed based on the measurment of HPA (formed by GDHt) with tryptophan in acidic conditions. Furthermore Lin´s assay for PDOR was also modified, and then successfully adapted to GDH as well. In both cases, NADH2 formation should be followed photometrically, but in crude enzyme solutions a lot of NAD+NADH2 dependent side-reactions disturb the activity determinations. In our improved method, the absorbance change should be recorded without substrate addition until the absorbance becomes stable, then adding the actual substrate the changing readings should be recorded further