61 research outputs found

    Single-cell transcriptomics reveals shared immunosuppressive landscapes of mouse and human neuroblastoma

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    BACKGROUND High-risk neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer with still a dismal prognosis, despite multimodal and intensive therapies. Tumor microenvironment represents a key component of the tumor ecosystem the complexity of which has to be accurately understood to define selective targeting opportunities, including immune-based therapies. METHODS We combined various approaches including single-cell transcriptomics to dissect the tumor microenvironment of both a transgenic mouse neuroblastoma model and a cohort of 10 biopsies from neuroblastoma patients, either at diagnosis or at relapse. Features of related cells were validated by multicolor flow cytometry and functional assays. RESULTS We show that the immune microenvironment of MYCN-driven mouse neuroblastoma is characterized by a low content of T cells, several phenotypes of macrophages and a population of cells expressing signatures of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that are molecularly distinct from the various macrophage subsets. We document two cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) subsets, one of which corresponding to CAF-S1, known to have immunosuppressive functions. Our data unravel a complex content in myeloid cells in patient tumors and further document a striking correspondence of the microenvironment populations between both mouse and human tumors. We show that mouse intratumor T cells exhibit increased expression of inhibitory receptors at the protein level. Consistently, T cells from patients are characterized by features of exhaustion, expressing inhibitory receptors and showing low expression of effector cytokines. We further functionally demonstrate that MDSCs isolated from mouse neuroblastoma have immunosuppressive properties, impairing the proliferation of T lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that neuroblastoma tumors have an immunocompromised microenvironment characterized by dysfunctional T cells and accumulation of immunosuppressive cells. Our work provides a new and precious data resource to better understand the neuroblastoma ecosystem and suggest novel therapeutic strategies, targeting both tumor cells and components of the microenvironment

    Fostering responsible research with genome editing technologies : a European perspective

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    In this consensus paper resulting from a meeting that involved representatives from more than 20 European partners, we recommend the foundation of an expert group (European Steering Committee) to assess the potential benefits and draw-backs of genome editing (off-targets, mosaicisms, etc.), and to design risk matrices and scenarios for a responsible use of this promising technology. In addition, this European steering committee will contribute in promoting an open debate on societal aspects prior to a translation into national and international legislation.peer-reviewe

    COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

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    Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≀ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≄ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

    L’interdisciplinaritĂ© s’invite dans les systĂšmes complexes : les journĂ©es de Rochebrune

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    Trente chercheurs, de sciences sociales et de sciences de l’information, Ă©taient rĂ©unis une semaine fin janvier 2014 pour les journĂ©es de Rochebrune, « rencontres interdisciplinaires sur les systĂšmes complexes naturels et artificiels », qui ont lieu chaque annĂ©e depuis 1992. Le thĂšme choisi, « Multi-trans-interdisciplinarité », ouvrait explicitement un bilan de ces journĂ©es. Nous retenons de ce bilan une sĂ©rie d’interrogations. Quels sont les liens qui se tissent entre les disciplines et quels sont les objectifs de construction Ă  plusieurs points de vue ? Comment valoriser les diffĂ©rences de langages et de mĂ©thodes entre disciplines ? À quelles conditions les modĂšles peuvent-ils intĂ©grer des connaissances hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšnes ? La recherche d’unification, source d’innovations et d’enrichissement, prĂ©sente Ă©galement les risques d’un lissage des disciplines, d’une perte de spĂ©cificitĂ© du langage, et d’une domination par les sciences de l’information. À la fois outil technique et cadre conceptuel, les systĂšmes complexes apportent des entrĂ©es multiples pour la construction, l’intĂ©gration ou la confrontation interdisciplinaire

    Un CĂ©ratopogonide nouveau [Dipt.]

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    Harant Hervé, Cellier MylÚne. Un Cératopogonide nouveau [Dipt.]. In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 54 (1), janvier 1949. pp. 10-11

    RĂ©silience, adaptation, changement : l’interdisciplinaritĂ© questionnĂ©e

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    La troisiĂšme confĂ©rence internationale du rĂ©seau Resilience Alliance « RĂ©silience et dĂ©veloppement : mobiliser pour la transformation », s’est tenue Ă  Montpellier du 4 au 8 mai 2014. L’objectif de cette manifestation Ă©tait de confronter les nombreuses approches de la rĂ©silience autour du thĂšme de la transformation. Nous analysons la place de l’interdisciplinaritĂ© dans cet important rassemblement. Quelles sont les mĂ©thodes mises en place dans le travail entre disciplines ? Quels sont les questionnements et les dĂ©fis soulevĂ©s ? Quels concepts ou cadres thĂ©oriques se rĂ©vĂšlent innovants ? Les technologies de l’information et l’outillage maths-informatique apportent-ils des solutions ? Au fil de ce compte rendu, nous montrons que l’interdisciplinaritĂ© est finalement un enjeu important de la « mobilisation pour la transformation », explicite dans le titre de la confĂ©rence, mais que les dĂ©fis sont loin d’ĂȘtre rĂ©solus

    Jouer pour comprendre les enjeux de la concertation sur l’établissement des Plans de PrĂ©vention des Risques Technologiques (PPRT)

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    Riskopolis est un jeu de rĂŽles que l’on peut classer dans la catĂ©gorie des serious games. Il possĂšde donc Ă  la fois une dimension « ludique » et une dimension « éducative ». Son objet est de simuler une situation de concertation entre diffĂ©rents types d’usagers dans un contexte d’amĂ©nagement d’une ville industrielle. Il s’agit principalement de voir comment, par la nĂ©gociation, rendre compatibles des activitĂ©s de production Ă  risque avec d’autres types de fonctions urbaines (habiter, produire..
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