Emplacement and Displacement: Perceiving the Landscape Through Aboriginal Australian Acrylic Painting

Aboriginal Australian acrylic paintings have long been considered representations of mythologically invested landscape. This understanding has been made problematic by recent writings on ‘dwelling’. As common usage of the term ‘landscape’ seems to prioritize vision, to suggest that the acrylic paintings are landscapes only strengthens the suspicion that they are artifacts of displacement or distancing, rather than examples of the emplacement emphasized in this ‘dwelling perspective’. However, this paper will demonstrate that the relationship between acrylic painting and the land is more complex than such an interpretation. It will argue that the Aboriginal objectification of their relationship to the land is not inherently a distancing of the land

Paintings, Publics, and Protocols: The Early Paintings from Papunya

The paintings in acrylic media in Central Australia are known for their capacity to objectify not only indigenous presence but also indigenous understandings of the world in the broader, surrounding society. However, this objectification of knowledge from a revelatory regime of value into one organized in other ways, is fraught with difficulty. Some paintings executed in the early period of this art movement are now considered inappropriate for general pubic exhibition because of their restricted esoteric meanings. The issue has been a controversial one in Australia, and museums and galleries must attend increasingly to developing protocols to satisfy Indigenous epistemological frameworks.Les peintures acryliques d’Australie centrale sont connues pour leur capacité de concrétiser non seulement la présence autochtone, mais aussi les compréhensions indigènes du monde dans la société environnante élargie. Cependant, cette concrétisation du savoir d’un régime de valeurs basées sur la révélation en un autre savoir, organisé d’une autre manière, est empreinte de difficultés. La présence de certaines de ces peintures, exécutées au début de ce mouvement artistique, est aujourd’hui jugée inappropriée dans les expositions grand public, parce que leurs significations ésotériques sont confidentielles. Cette question a fait l’objet d’une grande controverse en Australie, et les musées et galeries doivent de plus en plus s’efforcer d’élaborer des protocoles pour satisfaire aux cadres épistémologiques autochtones

Postcard: Agricultural Experimental Station, Manhattan Kansas

This black and white printed postcard is a repurposed postcard for correspondence. Printed text regarding the Fredonia Linseed Oil Works Co. has been marked out on the front and back of the card. Over the top of the original test is handwriting on the back and front of the card.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/tj_postcards/1723/thumbnail.jp

Quantifying Information Flow with Beliefs

To reason about information flow, a new model is developed that describes how attacker beliefs change due to the attacker's observation of the execution of a probabilistic (or deterministic) program. The model enables compositional reasoning about information flow from attacks involving sequences of interactions. The model also supports a new metric for quantitative information flow that measures accuracy of an attacker's beliefs. Applying this new metric reveals inadequacies of traditional information flow metrics, which are based on reduction of uncertainty. However, the new metric is sufficiently general that it can be instantiated to measure either accuracy or uncertainty. The new metric can also be used to reason about misinformation; deterministic programs are shown to be incapable of producing misinformation. Additionally, programs in which nondeterministic choices are made by insiders, who collude with attackers, can be analyzed

JRIF: Reactive Information Flow Control for Java

A reactive information flow (RIF) automaton for a value v specifies (i) allowed uses for v and (ii) the RIF automaton for any value that might be directly or indirectly derived from v. RIF automata thus specify how transforming a value alters how the result might be used. Such labels are more expressive than existing approaches for controlling downgrading. We devised a type system around RIF automata and incorporated it into Jif, a dialect of Java that supports a classic form of labels for information flow. By implementing a compiler for the resulting JRIF language, we demonstrate how easy it is to replace a classic information-flow type system by a more expressive RIF-based type system. We programmed two example applications in JRIF, and we discuss insights they provide into the benefits of RIF-based security labels.Supported in part by AFOSR grants F9550-06-0019 and FA9550-11-1-0137, National Science Foundation grants 0430161, 0964409, and CCF-0424422 (TRUST), ONR grants N00014-01- 1-0968 and N00014-09-1-0652, and grants from Microsoft

Lowest cost, nearest term options for a manned Mars mission

This study is part of a NASA/USRA Advanced Design Program project executed for the purpose of examining the requirements of a first manned Mars mission. The mission, classified as a split/sprint mission, has been designed for a crew of six with a total manned trip time of one year

Candidate Type II Quasars at 2 < z < 4.3 in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III

At low redshifts, dust-obscured quasars often have strong yet narrow permitted lines in the rest-frame optical and ultraviolet, excited by the central active nucleus, earning the designation Type II quasars. We present a sample of 145 candidate Type II quasars at redshifts between 2 and 4.3, encompassing the epoch at which quasar activity peaked in the universe. These objects, selected from the quasar sample of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III, are characterized by weak continuum in the rest-frame ultraviolet (typical continuum magnitude of i \approx 22) and strong lines of CIV and Ly \alpha, with Full Width at Half Maximum less than 2000 kms-1. The continuum magnitudes correspond to an absolute magnitude of -23 or brighter at redshift 3, too bright to be due exclusively to the host galaxies of these objects. Roughly one third of the objects are detected in the shorter-wavelength bands of the WISE survey; the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these objects appear to be intermediate between classic Type I and Type II quasars seen at lower redshift. Five objects are detected at rest frame 6\mu m by Spitzer, implying bolometric luminosities of several times 10^46 erg s-1. We have obtained polarization measurements for two objects; they are roughly 3% polarized. We suggest that these objects are luminous quasars, with modest dust extinction (A_V ~ 0.5 mag), whose ultraviolet continuum also includes a substantial scattering contribution. Alternatively, the line of sight to the central engines of these objects may be partially obscured by optically thick material.Comment: 26 pages, 13 figures, 10 tables, 4 machine readable tables. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Modes of Multiple Star Formation

This paper argues that star forming environments should be classified into finer divisions than the traditional isolated and clustered modes. Using the observed set of galactic open clusters and theoretical considerations regarding cluster formation, we estimate the fraction of star formation that takes place within clusters. We find that less than 10% of the stellar population originates from star forming regions destined to become open clusters, confirming earlier estimates. The smallest clusters included in the observational surveys (having at least N=100 members) roughly coincide with the smallest stellar systems that are expected to evolve as clusters in a dynamical sense. We show that stellar systems with too few members N < N_\star have dynamical relaxation times that are shorter than their formation times (1-2 Myr), where the critical number of stars N_\star \approx 100. Our results suggest that star formation can be characterized by (at least) three principal modes: I. isolated singles and binaries, II. groups (N<N_\star), and III. clusters (N>N_\star). Many -- if not most -- stars form through the intermediate mode in stellar groups with 10<N<100. Such groups evolve and disperse much more rapidly than open clusters; groups also have a low probability of containing massive stars and are unaffected by supernovae and intense ultraviolet radiation fields. Because of their short lifetimes and small stellar membership, groups have relatively little effect on the star formation process (on average) compared to larger open clusters.Comment: accepted to The Astrophysical Journa

GSH modification as a marker for plasma source and biological response comparison to plasma treatment

This study investigated the use of glutathione as a marker to establish a correlation between plasma parameters and the resultant liquid chemistry from two distinct sources to predefined biological outcomes. Two different plasma sources were operated at parameters that resulted in similar biological responses: cell viability, mitochondrial activity, and the cell surface display of calreticulin. Specific glutathione modifications appeared to be associated with biological responses elicited by plasma. These modifications were more pronounced with increased treatment time for the European Cooperation in Science and Technology Reference Microplasma Jet (COST-Jet) and increased frequency for the dielectric barrier discharge and were correlated with more potent biological responses. No correlations were found when cells or glutathione were exposed to exogenously added long-lived species alone. This implied that short-lived species and other plasma components were required for the induction of cellular responses, as well as glutathione modifications. These results showed that comparisons of medical plasma sources could not rely on measurements of long-lived chemical species; rather, modifications of biomolecules (such as glutathione) might be better predictors of cellular responses to plasma exposure. © 2020 by the authors

Iron-ATP, a by-product of acid extraction of whole blood or red blood cells

Trichloroacetic acid extracts of red cell often produce an iron-ATP complex after ion exchange chromatography of the extract amounting to about 1/3 of the total ATP. In the present work the presence of 14-50% of iron-ATP in such extracts from human and Rhesus monkey blood has been shown.Experiments designed to clarify the possible role and origin of iron-ATP revealed that non-acid treatment of human blood or red cells, as in the freeze-thaw process, followed by separation on a Sephadex column did not produce an iron-ATP fraction. In addition, purified hemoglobin and ATP were combined and incubated at pH 7.4. After Sephadex chromatography, there was no evidence of an iron-ATP fraction. However, similar combinations of incubated hemoglobin and ATP treated with trichloroacetic and separated by ion exchange chromatography did produce an iron-ATP fraction similar to that obtained from acid-extracted blood.It appears that iron-ATP in quantities found in acid-extracted blood is the result of iron release from hemoglobin and the subsequent complexing of such iron with available ATP.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33813/1/0000069.pd