Temi ricorrenti in racconti relativi all’esperienza di malattia oncologica: analisi del testo letterario

L’incontro fra medicina e letteratura contribuisce a ricondurre la pratica della cura alla sua finalità originaria: essere una medicina per l’uomo. Il mondo narrato da pazienti e operatori della salute è molto variegato rispetto a quanto la letteratura scientifica descrive. Nel percorso di malattia non emerge solo la sofferenza, ma anche il tema della speranza.

Suspicious minds: cinematic depiction of distrust during epidemic disease outbreaks

One key factor that appears to be crucial in the rejection of quarantines, isolation and other social controls during epidemic outbreaks is trust\xe2\x80\x94or rather distrust. Much like news reporting and social media, popular culture such as fictional novels, television shows and films can influence people\xe2\x80\x99s trust, especially given that the information provided about an epidemic disease is sometimes seen as grounded in \xe2\x80\x98scientific fact\xe2\x80\x99 by societies. As well as providing information on the \xe2\x80\x98correct science\xe2\x80\x99 behind disease transmission, spread and illness in films and literature, popular culture can also inform societies about how to feel and how to react during epidemics\xe2\x80\x94that is to say create some expectations about the kinds of societal responses that could potentially occur. In this article we closely analyse three films that centre around epidemic diseases\xe2\x80\x94Contagion (Steven Soderbergh, 2011), Blindness (Fernando Meirelles, 2008) and The Painted Veil (John Curran, 2006)\xe2\x80\x94in order to highlight three categories of distrust that have recently been identified and conceptualised in broader discussions regarding trust and health: institutional, social and interpersonal. These films raise two key issues about trust and social responses during epidemics. First, while certain aspects of trust are badly diminished during epidemic disease outbreaks, epidemics can also interact with pre-existing structural inequalities within society\xe2\x80\x94based on race, gender or wealth\xe2\x80\x94to create mixed outcomes of discord, prejudice and fear that coexist with new forms of cohesion. Second, the breakdown in trust seen at certain levels during epidemics, such as at the institutional level between communities and authorities or elites, might be mediated or negotiated, perhaps even compensated for, by heightened solidity of trust at the social level, within or between communities

L’informazione al paziente oncologico: analisi della letteratura grigia dedicata ai minori

L’informazione ludico-terapeutica favorisce l’adesione ai trattamenti e il benessere. In questo lavoro si è censita ed analizzata la letteratura grigia destinata ai minori pazienti oncologici. Si sono identificati 13 materiali pertinenti, riportandone dati bibliografici, caratteristiche fisiche e contenutistiche. Le pubblicazioni sono, per struttura, contenuto e linguaggio, adatte ai destinatari.Background. The ludic-therapeutic information to cancer young patients is crucial to promote their adherence to treatments, share to clinical procedures, control of anxiety, fear and pain resulting from illness and the diagnostic and therapeutic pathway to be taken. Publications for informational, popular purposes seem to be scarcely known by health professionals involved in the care of the pediatric patient. The study aims to survey and analyze the gray literature intended for pediatric patients, in order to assess its characteristics and bring them to the attention of health care professionals. Materials and Methods. The identified publications were surveyed through the collection of bibliographic data and analyzed, according to their intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics, by a data collection grid created ad hoc (the appeal of the publication, the layout of the text, the pictures, the structuring of the text, content, vocabulary and involvement of the reader). Results. The convenience sample found and analyzed is of 13 teaching aids, selected according to the following criteria: gray literature, and popular informational purposes; recipients children and adolescents. Conclusions. The publications taken into account are suitable to the recipients for their structure, content and language. It is our purpose to analyze thoroughly the characteristics and quality of information produced, the use and dissemination of these publications in onco-pediatric wards as well as the repercussions that these materials have on children and teenager cancer patients who read them through the use of cards validated

Documentary Criminology: Expanding the Criminological Imagination with "Mardi Gras- Made in China" as a case study

This paper explores the central role of documentary filmmaking as a methodological practice in contemporary criminology. It draws from cultural criminology to develop emerging, open-ended practices for conducting ethnographically inflected audiovisual research that crafts sensory knowledge from aesthetic experience. First, it demonstrates how documentary criminology is an ethnographic practice that embraces audiovisual technologies to inflect, render, and depict the aesthetics of material, sensory, and corporeal experiences of crime and transgression as knowledge production. Second, it explores a particular type of lived experience that John Dewey terms “aesthetic” to demonstrate the sorts of tangible and intangible entities that documentary criminology can interpret, record and depict as knowledge. To demonstrate this approach, the article employs a variety of examples from cultural criminology and from the documentary Mardi Gras: Made in China. The final part of the paper turns to an analysis of Mardi Gras: Made in China itself to illustrate the overlap of theory, methods, and reflexive practices of documentary criminology within four broad aesthetic domains: temporality, topography, corporeality, and the personal. The inclusion of documentary within an open-ended methodological sensibility, both as a mode of analysis and as a means of producing sensory knowledge, can expand the criminological imagination

Patient-reported outcome measures of the impact of cancer on patient’s everyday lives: a systematic review

Purpose: Patients with advanced disease are living longer and commonly used patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) may miss relevant elements of the quality of extended survival. This systematic review examines the measures used to capture aspects of the quality of survival including impact on patients’ everyday lives such as finances, work and family roles. Methods: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO restricted to English language articles. Information on study characteristics, instruments and outcomes was systematically extracted and synthesised. A predefined set of criteria was used to rate the quality of studies. Results: From 2761 potentially relevant articles, 22 met all inclusion criteria, including 10 concerning financial distress, 3 on roles and responsibilities and 9 on multiple aspects of social well-being. Generally, studies were not of high quality; many lacked bias free participant selection, had confounding factors and had not accounted for all participants. High levels of financial distress were reported and were associated with multiple demographic factors such as age and income. There were few reports concerned with impacts on patients’ roles/responsibilities in everyday life although practical and emotional struggles with parenting were identified. Social difficulties were common and associated with multiple factors including being a caregiver. Many studies were single time-point surveys and used non-validated measures. Exceptions were employment of the COST and Social Difficulties Inventory (SDI), validated measures of financial and social distress respectively. Conclusions: Impact on some important parts of patients’ everyday lives is insufficiently and inconsistently captured. Further PROM development focussing on roles and responsibilities, including work and caring for dependents, is warranted. Implications for Cancer Survivors: Factors such as finances, employment and responsibility for caring for dependents (e.g. children and elderly relatives) can affect the well-being of cancer survivors. There is a need to ensure that any instruments used to assess patients’ social well-being are broad enough to include these areas so that any difficulties arising can be better understood and appropriately supported

Second thoughts about implementing routine screening of cancer patients for distress

Recommendations for routine screening of cancer patients for distress lack evidence that screening improves patient outcomes. Settings contemplating screening should consider other options for using the same resources. This article reviews evidence relevant to decision making and calls attention to limits in using screening instruments cross-culturally and for triaging patients for receipt of services. Whether screening is the best option depends on the patient population, culture, and health system

Enciclopedia catequística de símiles y analogías

Subtítulo na cub.: Los grandes maestros al servicio de los pequeños discípulosMarca tip. na portAnte

Gender and Mathematics: Attitudes and stereotype threat susceptibility in Italian children

Two experiments investigated the development of attitudes toward mathematics and stereotype threat susceptibility in Italian children. Experiment 1 involved 476 elementary school boys and girls and produced evidence of gender differences in self-confidence in one's own mathematical ability and in gender stereotyping of mathematics during elementary school. It also provided initial evidence for a decrement in 10-year-old girls' mathematics performance when stereotype threat was made salient by reminding participants that extraordinary achievement in mathematics is typically a male phenomenon. Experiment 2 (N = 271) replicated these findings and expanded them to middle school-age participants. Its results suggest that during middle school, the patterns observed in elementary school consolidate, and the stereotypes begin to produce detrimental effects in girls