Bases psicobiológicas de la adicción

¿Cómo afectan las drogas el funcionamiento del cerebro y por qué una persona puede pasar del consumo voluntario al consumo compulsivo? Una mirada desde las neurociencias.Fil: Muzio, Ruben Nestor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (i); Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicologia; ArgentinaFil: Iorio, ALBERTO ANDRES. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (i); Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicologia; Argentin

Contaminación de las fuentes de agua y sus efectos en el sistema nervioso y la conducta : impacto en el desarrollo poblacional

Fil: Yorio, Alberto A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaFil: Muzio, Rubén N. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaLas soluciones eficaces para enfrentar el problema de la contaminación de las aguas deben contemplar el desarrollo de obras de infraestructura de plantas potabilizadoras de desalinización que lleguen a obtener agua con cifras aceptadas como potables. Otra consideración significativa a tener en cuenta, derivada de la existencia de arsénico en aguas y suelos, es la posible contaminación de alimentos de origen vegetal y animal que crecen y se crían en el área. En los últimos años se han desarrollado tecnologías que pueden ayudar a resolver estos problemas

The dental management of patients at risk of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: New paradigm of primary prevention

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious adverse reaction of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic agents; it is a potentially painful and debilitating condition that can considerably affect the quality of life of patients. Furthermore, even if its epidemiology and pathogenesis have still not been fully clarified, several risk factors related to MRONJ have been recognized in prevention protocols. Three main risk factors are as follows: (i) the type of ONJ-related medications: antiresorptive (e.g., Bisphosphonates, Denosumab) and antiangiogenic drugs (e.g., Bevacizumab, Sunitinib); (ii) the category of patient at MRONJ risk: cancer versus non-cancer patient; (iii) the typologies and timing of dental treatments (e.g., before, during, or after the drug administration). The aim of this paper is to describe the new paradigm by the Italian Society of Oral Pathology and Medicine (SIPMO) on preventive dental management in patients at risk of MRONJ, prior to and during/after the administration of the aforementioned ONJ-related drugs. In reducing the risk of MRONJ, dentists and oral hygienists are key figures in applying a correct protocol of primary prevention for pre-treatment and in-treatment patients. However, the necessity of a multidisciplinary standardized approach, with a sustained dialogue among specialists involved, should be always adopted in order to improve the efficacy of preventive strategies and to ameliorate the patient\u2019s quality of life

Interleukin-13 induces expression and release of interleukin-1 decoy receptor in human polymorphonuclear cells.

The aim of this study was to examine whether interleukin-13 (IL-13), a cytokine with anti-inflammatory activities, affected expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptors (R) in human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). Treatment with IL-13 augmented both type I and type II (decoy) R transcripts, with the latter being by far the most represented. The transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D blocked the induction of IL-1 R mRNAs by IL-13. Nuclear run-off experiments demonstrated an augmented transcriptional rate of IL-1 decoy R in IL-13-treated B lymphoblastoid cells. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide blocked type I R expression but superinduced decoy R expression. IL-13 augmented the binding of radiolabeled IL-1 beta on the PMN surface with an increased number of IL-1 receptors and no change in Kd values. IL-13 induced the surface expression of IL-1 decoy R and the release by PMN of an IL-1-binding protein identified as a soluble version of the IL-1 decoy R. These results show that PMN is an important target for IL-13 and that induction of expression and release of the IL-1 decoy R, in concert with inhibition of cytokine synthesis, may represent an important mechanism by which IL-13 blocks IL-1, a central mediator of inflammatory reactions

Oral lichen planus in children: An Italian case series

Oral lichen planus usually occurs in adults; there are no clear data regarding the incidence and the clinical features of oral lichen planus in children. This paper reports clinical findings, treatments, and outcomes of 13 Italian patients with oral lichen planus in childhood diagnosed between 2001 and 2021. The most common finding was keratotic lesions with reticular or papular/plaque-like patterns, confined to the tongue in seven patients. Although oral lichen planus in childhood is rare and the malignant transformation index is unknown, specialists must be aware of its characteristics and oral mucosal lesions must be correctly diagnosed and managed

The date mussel Lithophaga lithophaga: Biology, ecology and the multiple impacts of its illegal fishery

none8The date mussel Lithophaga lithophaga is an edible endolithic bivalve, protected by the EU Habitats Directive and other international agreements, living inside carbonate rocks. Its illegal harvesting is carried by breaking the rockswhere the bivalve grows. The impact has cascade consequences as it causes permanent changes in the substrate characteristics, the removal of benthic species, a shift from highly complex to structurally simplified habitats. As a result, the rich biodiversity of rocky reefs turns into a biological desert, named “barren”. Alongwith the over exploitation of fish, this practice leads to the increase of sea urchin density and grazing pressure on habitats, hampering the resilience of the associated biodiversity and functions. This paper summarizes the information on date mussel biology, ecology, ecotoxicology, fishery and the legal framework regulating its protection. Evidence indicates that illegal harvesting is still operated and widespread along the Mediterranean and has huge costs in terms of loss of natural capital and ecosystem services, and in terms of active ecological restoration. Two case study areas (the Sorrento and Salento peninsulas) were selected to assess the economic costs of this practice. Tangible economic costs in terms of ecosystems services' loss are huge (from ca. 35,000 to more than 400,000 euros/year in 6.6 km of Sorrento and ca. 1.8 million euros/year along the 69 km of Salento). These costs are, on average, ca. 30 times lower than those of ecosystem restoration. Data mining from websites indicates that date mussels are presently commercialized in hundreds of restaurants in Greece, Balkan countries, Spain and Italy, favoured also by the lack of appropriate consumer information. This practice should be controlled and contrasted at local scale, enforced by national legislations, and implemented by transnational initiatives. Social campaigns are needed to increase public awareness of the serious consequences of date-mussel fishery and consumptionopenAlberto Colletti; Beatrice Savinelli; Giorgia Di Muzio; Lucia Rizzo; Laura Tamburello; Simonetta Fraschetti; Luigi Musco; Roberto DanovaroColletti, Alberto; Savinelli, Beatrice; Di Muzio, Giorgia; Rizzo, Lucia; Tamburello, Laura; Fraschetti, Simonetta; Musco, Luigi; Danovaro, Robert

Retrospective Analysis of Clinical and Radiologic Data Regarding Zygomatic Implant Rehabilitation with a Long-Term Follow-Up

Background: Zygomatic implants have been introduced to rehabilitate edentulous patients with severely atrophic maxillae. Their use has been reported by several studies, describing high overall survival rates at medium-long follow-up. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze if a few patient-related and implant-related features are correlated with implant success or the onset of complications. Materials and methods: Data of patients treated with zygomatic implants between May 2005 and November 2012 at three private clinics were collected and retrospectively analyzed. For each implant, the following data were collected: implant length, insertion path, ridge atrophy and sinus characteristics (width, pneumatization, thickness of mucosae, patency of sinus ostium). General patient characteristics and health status data were also recorded. The outcomes evaluated were implant failure, infective complications, early neurologic complications and overall complications. Results: A total of 33 patients (14 men, 17 women, mean age 59.1) that received 67 zygomatic implants were included in the study. The mean duration of the follow-up was of 141.6 months (min 109; max 198). In this period, a total of 16 (23.88%) implants in 8 (24.24%) patients were removed and 17 (51.51%) patients with 36 (53.73%) implants reported complications. Immediate loading resulted in a significantly lower risk of complications compared with the two-stage prosthetic rehabilitation (OR: 0.04, p = 0.002). A thickness of the sinus mucosa > 3 mm emerged to be correlated with a greater occurrence of infective complications (OR: 3.39, p = 0.019). Severe and extreme pneumatization of the sinus was significantly correlated with the incidence of overall complications (p = 0.037) and implant failure (p = 0.044). A large sinus width was predisposed to a higher risk of neurologic complications, infective complications and implant failure (p = 0.036, p = 0.032, p = 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: zygomatic implants are an alternative procedure for atrophic ridge rehabilitation when a conventional implant placement is not possible. Several clinical and anatomical factors can have a significant role in complication occurrence

Patient-specific forecasting of postradiotherapy prostate-specific antigen kinetics enables early prediction of biochemical relapse

[Abstract:] The detection of prostate cancer recurrence after external beam radiotherapy relies on the measurement of a sustained rise of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). However, this biochemical relapse may take years to occur, thereby delaying the delivery of a secondary treatment to patients with recurring tumors. To address this issue, we propose to use patient-specific forecasts of PSA dynamics to predict biochemical relapse earlier. Our forecasts are based on a mechanistic model of prostate cancer response to external beam radiotherapy, which is fit to patient-specific PSA data collected during standard posttreatment monitoring. Our results show a remarkable performance of our model in recapitulating the observed changes in PSA and yielding short-term predictions over approximately 1 year (cohort median root mean squared error of 0.10–0.47 ng/mL and 0.13 to 1.39 ng/mL, respectively). Additionally, we identify 3 model-based biomarkers that enable accurate identification of biochemical relapse (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve > 0.80) significantly earlier than standard practice (p < 0.01).This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 838786. A.R. was partially supported by the MIUR-PRIN project XFAST-SIMS (no. 20173C478N). H.G. was partially funded by the Purdue Center for Cancer Research through a Concept Grant. V.M.P.-G. is partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (grant PID2019-110895RB-100, https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033).Italia. Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca; 20173C478