The Effect of Leachate on the Compacted and Consolidated Clay Soils

Solid waste landfills constitute a potential major threat to groundwater quality. Water present in the waste, rainwater infiltration during and/or after the landfilling process and groundwater penetration can result in the generation of leachate. Leachate is a kind of waste liquid consisting of waste contaminants. Clay soils are natural matters to minimize the permeability of natural soil liners in landfill areas. Some contaminants in the leachate can alter compacted clay soils and cause increasing or decreasing permeability. This study investigates effects of leachate on the permeability of the compacted and consolidated clay soils, thereby evaluating the effectiveness of these clay soils as liners in preventing groundwater contamination. To determine removal capability of compacted and consolidated clay soils, some metal ions (Fe(II), Mn(II)) are also measured in influent and effluent of the lab-scale reactor. According to results of this study, Fe(II) and Mn(II) removal efficiency increases with time. Fe(OH)3 and MnO2 precipitations on the clay soil particles increase oxidation rate depending on the autocatalytic effect. Also, in the beginning, some decrease has been observed in the compacted and consolidated clay soils permeability associated with the contamination. However, as time goes by, these results show that leachates may cause an increase in the permeability

Evaluation of nutritional status in pediatric intensive care unit patients: the results of a multicenter, prospective study in Turkey

IntroductionMalnutrition is defined as a pathological condition arising from deficient or imbalanced intake of nutritional elements. Factors such as increasing metabolic demands during the disease course in the hospitalized patients and inadequate calorie intake increase the risk of malnutrition. The aim of the present study is to evaluate nutritional status of patients admitted to pediatric intensive care units (PICU) in Turkey, examine the effect of nutrition on the treatment process and draw attention to the need for regulating nutritional support of patients while continuing existing therapies.Material and MethodIn this prospective multicenter study, the data was collected over a period of one month from PICUs participating in the PICU Nutrition Study Group in Turkey. Anthropometric data of the patients, calorie intake, 90-day mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay and length of stay in intensive care unit were recorded and the relationship between these parameters was examined.ResultsOf the 614 patients included in the study, malnutrition was detected in 45.4% of the patients. Enteral feeding was initiated in 40.6% (n = 249) of the patients at day one upon admission to the intensive care unit. In the first 48 h, 86.82% (n = 533) of the patients achieved the target calorie intake, and 81.65% (n = 307) of the 376 patients remaining in the intensive care unit achieved the target calorie intake at the end of one week. The risk of mortality decreased with increasing upper mid-arm circumference and triceps skin fold thickness Z-score (OR = 0.871/0.894; p = 0.027/0.024). The risk of mortality was 2.723 times higher in patients who did not achieve the target calorie intake at first 48 h (p = 0.006) and the risk was 3.829 times higher in patients who did not achieve the target calorie intake at the end of one week (p = 0.001). The risk of mortality decreased with increasing triceps skin fold thickness Z-score (OR = 0.894; p = 0.024).ConclusionTimely and appropriate nutritional support in critically ill patients favorably affects the clinical course. The results of the present study suggest that mortality rate is higher in patients who fail to achieve the target calorie intake at first 48 h and day seven of admission to the intensive care unit. The risk of mortality decreases with increasing triceps skin fold thickness Z-score

The evaluation of orbi?tal blood flow changes in diabetic retinopathy with color doppler ultrasonography

YÖK Tez No: 365356Amaç: Renkli doppler ultrasonografi ile diyabetus mellituslu bireylerde meydana gelen okuler kan akımındaki değişikliklerin incelenmesi ve diaybetik retinopatinin erken tanısına katkısının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza 35-65 yaş aralığında olan toplam 122 birey (80 DM'lu hasta ve 42 sağlıklı birey) çalışmaya alındı. Diyabetik hastalar, retinopatisi bulunmayan grup, non-proliferatif diyabetik retimopati (NPDR) bulunan ve proliferatif diyabetik retinopatisi (PDR) bulunan grup olmak üzere 3 gruba ayrıldı. Çalışmamızda oftalmik arter (OA), santral retinal arter (SRA), santral retinal ven (SRV) ve posterior silier arter (PSA) incelenerek pik sistolik hız (PSH), middiastolik hız (MDH), end diastolik hız (EDH), resitivite indeks (RI), pulsatilite indeks (PI) değerlerine bakıldı. Sonuçlar kontrol grubu ve diabetik gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: OA PSH, MDH'si kontrol grubunda anlamlı yüksek bulunmuştur. Resitivite indeksi PDR'si bulunan grupta kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı yüksek bulunmuştur. SRA'de PI değeri diyabetik olup retinopatisi bulunmayan grupta, kontrol grubuna ve NPDR olan gruba oranla anlamlı düşük bulunmuştur. Posterior silier arterde PSH kontrol grubunda ve NPDR olan grupta, diyabetik olup retinopatisi bulunmayan gruba göre anlamlı yüksek bulunmuştur. Resitivite indeks değeri diabetik olup retinopatisi bulunmayan grupta retinopatisi bulunan gruplarla karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Kolay ve ucuz bir tetkik olan renkli doppler ultrasonografi inceleme sonuçları özellikle retinopatisi olmayan ve erken evre retinopati hastalarında değişkenlik göstermekte olup diyabetik retinopati erken teşhisinde noninvaziv tetkik olarak kullanılabilir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Renkli Doppler ultrasonografi, diabetes mellitus, diyabetik retinopati, pik sistolik hız, resitivite indeksObjective: We aimed to investigation of the changes in ocular blood flow in patients with diabetes mellitus by color doppler US and investigation of the contribution of color doppler US in early diagnosis of diabethic retinopathy. Material and methods: Total 122 cases (80 DM patients and 42 healthy individuals) in the 35-65 age range were included in our study. Diabetic patients were divided into 3 groups: non-retinopathy group, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group. In our study, peak systolic velocity (PCV), middiastolik velocity (MDV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), the resistive indices (RI) ,and pulsatility index (PI) values were measured by examining the ophthalmic artery (OA) , central retinal artery (CRA) , central retinal vein (CRV) and posterior ciliary artery (PCA). Results were compared between the control groups and diabetic groups. Results: Ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity and mid diastolic velocity is found significantly higher in control group. Resistivity Index is found significantly higher in proliferative diabetic retinopathy group than control group. Central retinal artery pulsatility index value is found significantly lower in non-retinopathy diabetic group than control group and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy group. Posterior ciliary artery peak systolic velocity is found significantly higher in control group and NPDR group than non-retinopathy DM group. Resistivity ındex value is found significantly higher in non- retinopathy DM group than DM groups with retinopathy. Conclusion: Color doppler US which is easy and inexpensive technique examination results show variations especially in patients with non-retinopathy and early stage retinopathy and Color doppler US can be used as a noninvasive test in early diagnosis of diabetic retinopath

Investigation of bird species breeding in 2003 in Uluabat Lake

Bu çalışmada, 15 Mayıs – 15 Haziran 2003 tarihleri arasında Uluabat Gölü’nde üreyen kuş türleri ve tahmini sayıları belirlendi. Araştırılan bölge Uluabat Gölü ve çevresini kapsamakta ve 1998’de gerçekleştirilen ilk araştırma ile ortak gözlem noktalarını içermektedir. Bu araştırma sonucunda Uluabat Gölünde 28 noktada 33 türden 491 üreyen kuş çifti tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucu 1998 verileri ile karşılaştırıldığında; bu türlerden 23’nün azaldığı, 17 sinin artığı ve 4 türünde her iki araştırmada değişim göstermediği tespit edilmiştir. Eş noktalarda yapılan sayımlarda 1998 araştırmasında 979 üreyen kuş çifti tespit edilmişken, 2003 araştırmasında 491 üreyen kuş çifti tespit edilmiştir.In this study, approximate data of breeding bird species were collected at Uluabat lake between May, 15 th and June, 15th in 2003. The research area covers the same watching points as the study released in 1998. As a result of this study, 491 breeding bird couples were found out of 33 species at 28 different points in Uluabat lake. When the study was compared with the data obtained in 1998 we found out that the population of 23 species is decreased, and population of 17 species is increased and for population of 4 species was the same in the two studies. 979 breeding bird couples were determined in 1998, whereas only 491 breeding bird couples could be found in 2003 at the same count points.WWF-TürkiyeÇevre Orman Bakanlığ

Socıal media as a channel of promotion and content analysis of social media accounts of three-major-sports-clubs in Turkey

Günümüz rekabet ortamında işletmelerin pazardaki konumlarını koruyabilmek için sosyal medya üzerinden de tutundurma faaliyetlerini yürütmelerinin önemi giderek artmaya başlamıştır. Bu doğrultuda spor kulüplerinin diğer spor kulüpleriyle rekabette başarılı olabilmeleri için sosyal medyada tutundurma çabaları önemli bir işlev görmektedir. Sosyal medyanın günümüz teknoloji çağında daha fazla duyulmaya başlanması ve her geçen gün kullanıcı sayısının artmasıyla birlikte spor kulüpleri tarafında da bir tutundurma aracı olarak kullanılması kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de yer alan üç büyük spor kulübünün sosyal medya hesaplarını tutundurma faaliyeti kapsamında nasıl kullandıkları araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma alanına Beşiktaş, Galatasaray ve Fenerbahçe Spor Kulüplerinin 1 Ocak 2016 ile 31 Aralık 2016 tarihleri arasında Facebook ve Instagram sosyal medya hesaplarındaki paylaşımları dâhil edilmiştir. Paylaşımlarda en çok kullanılan 100 kelime adedi belirlenmiş ve içerik analizi yöntemiyle de sosyal medyanın hangi amaçlar doğrultusunda kullanıldığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.The importance of carrying out the activities of promotion through social media, to, has risen in nowadays competetive environment. In this direction, in order to successful in competition with the other sports clups, the attempt of promotion in social media has an important function for the sports clubs. It has become inevitable to use the social media as a promotion tool for the sports clubs, to, due to the rise of the number of social media users and the social media’s impact. In this study, it has been researched how the three big sports clubs in Turkey use the social media accounts as a tool in the scobe of promotion activity. Beşiktaş, Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe’s sharings on the social media account Facebook and Instagram between the 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2016 have been included in the research’s work space. The most used 100 words have been identified and with the method of content analysis it has been tired to determine in which line with purpose the social media has been used

Socıal media as a channel of promotion and content analysis of social media accounts of three-major-sports-clubs in Turkey

Günümüz rekabet ortamında işletmelerin pazardaki konumlarını koruyabilmek için sosyal medya üzerinden de tutundurma faaliyetlerini yürütmelerinin önemi giderek artmaya başlamıştır. Bu doğrultuda spor kulüplerinin diğer spor kulüpleriyle rekabette başarılı olabilmeleri için sosyal medyada tutundurma çabaları önemli bir işlev görmektedir. Sosyal medyanın günümüz teknoloji çağında daha fazla duyulmaya başlanması ve her geçen gün kullanıcı sayısının artmasıyla birlikte spor kulüpleri tarafında da bir tutundurma aracı olarak kullanılması kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de yer alan üç büyük spor kulübünün sosyal medya hesaplarını tutundurma faaliyeti kapsamında nasıl kullandıkları araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma alanına Beşiktaş, Galatasaray ve Fenerbahçe Spor Kulüplerinin 1 Ocak 2016 ile 31 Aralık 2016 tarihleri arasında Facebook ve Instagram sosyal medya hesaplarındaki paylaşımları dâhil edilmiştir. Paylaşımlarda en çok kullanılan 100 kelime adedi belirlenmiş ve içerik analizi yöntemiyle de sosyal medyanın hangi amaçlar doğrultusunda kullanıldığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.The importance of carrying out the activities of promotion through social media, to, has risen in nowadays competetive environment. In this direction, in order to successful in competition with the other sports clups, the attempt of promotion in social media has an important function for the sports clubs. It has become inevitable to use the social media as a promotion tool for the sports clubs, to, due to the rise of the number of social media users and the social media’s impact. In this study, it has been researched how the three big sports clubs in Turkey use the social media accounts as a tool in the scobe of promotion activity. Beşiktaş, Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe’s sharings on the social media account Facebook and Instagram between the 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2016 have been included in the research’s work space. The most used 100 words have been identified and with the method of content analysis it has been tired to determine in which line with purpose the social media has been used

THE RIGHT PERSON TO THE RIGHT JOB: DEVELOPING A TWO-SIDED MATCHING METHODOLOGY BASED ON REAL EMPLOYEE DATA

Talented employee is one of the most important factors that carries companies to success in today's business world. However, making employees work in the right position so that it is compatible with their ability, nature and capacity is a much more important factor for success. Ignoring this situation poses an obstacle to work in an efficient and effective way for the companies. The objective of this study is to provide a methodology to match employees with the right position by considering both technical and behavioral competencies. In this study, both the needs of the employees and requirements of postions are taken into considerations and weights of them are calculated. Then a multi objective optimization model is developed to make both employee and position satisfactory degree the most. Results of this study are used for the purpose of achieving high job satisfaction and productivity by improving bilateral matching of workers and positions. This study may also be used as guidance in the planning of training activities performed in the businesses. To show the applicability and contribution of the methodology developed, it is validated using real life data