Is it necessary to perform an endometrial sampling prior to hysterectomies for benign conditions?

Aim: Hysterectomy is one of the most prevalent surgical intervention in gynecological field. This study concerns the requirement and necessity of an endometrial sampling to exclude an unpredictable uterine malignancy risk before hysterectomy for benign conditions.  Methods: This is a retrospective and cross-sectional study involving 307 patients who had hysterectomy for benign conditions between years 2014-2018. Prior to hysterectomy, in 162 cases, an endometrial sampling was performed ahead (biopsy group) and in 145 cases, hysterectomy was performed without obtaining an endometrial sampling earlier on (control group). Pre- and post-surgical pathological evaluation reports were collected and compared between the groups. Results: Features of the patients as mean age, number of previous pregnancies, being at postmenopausal status did not vary significantly between two groups. In the biopsy group, 51.2% of the patients were in the premenopausal period, 40.7% of the patients had postmenopausal bleeding and 52.5% had abnormal uterine bleeding symptoms and these three features were significantly higher than in the control group. In the control group, one case (0.7%) had leiomyosarcoma and another case (0.7%) had endometrial adenocarcinoma. In the biopsy group, endometrial adenocarcinoma was detected in 5 patients (3.1%) as significantly higher than in the control group. Conclusion: If there are no symptoms, clinical and radiological findings suggesting an endometrial malignancy in patients who planned to undergo a hysterectomy for benign conditions, it is unnecessary to perform a routine endometrial biopsy

Unexpected risk of gynecological malignant and premalignant disease in women undergoing hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse

Aim: To investigate the incidence of unexpected malignant and premalignant gynecological pathological findings among women who underwent hysterectomy due to pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Methods: In this retrospective study, the medical reports of women who underwent hysterectomy for POP between 2007 and 2019 were investigated to reveal unexpected malignant and premalignant lesions. The possible relationship between pathological results and other variables was evaluated statistically. Results: The hysterectomy was performed by abdominal (160, 30.53%), laparoscopic (62%, 11.83%) and vaginal approaches (302, 57.63%) in 524 patients with POP indication. Thirty five patients (6.67%) had unexpected premalignant or malignant pathological findings found on hysterectomy specimens. Simple hyperplasia was found in 18 patients (3.44%), complex hyperplasia in two patients (0.38%); CIN-1 (LSIL) low grade cervical intraepithelial dysplasia in nine patients (1.7%), CIN-II, moderate dysplasia in two patients (0.38%); CIN-III, severe dysplasia in one patient (0.19%); vaginal carcinoma in two patients (0.38%) and endometrial carcinoma in one patient (0.19%). In the vaginal hysterectomy group, the incidence of unsuspected gynecological malignancy was founded at the rate of 0.57% (3/524) and the percentage of the group was significantly higher than laparotomic and laparoscopic hysterectomy groups. Statistically significant difference was not found between the groups with respect to unexpected uterine malignancy. Conclusion: Women without abnormal vaginal bleeding do not have high risk of premalignant or malignant pathological reporting after uterovaginal prolapse surgery, however it should not be neglected

On curves of constant breadth in G¹₃

In this work, differential equations characterizing curves of constant breadth have been given in pseudo-Galilean space G¹₃. The special cases related to these differential equations have been studied in G¹₃.Publisher's Versio

The role of performing a routine four-quadrant cervical biopsy in patients with negative colposcopic findings in increasing the identification rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasms

Aim: In patients with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV), there is no consensus on the inclusion of cervical biopsy for diagnostic purposes in cases whereas there is no pathological finding in colposcopy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of simultaneous routine cervical biopsy in patients with normal colposcopic findings on the rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia diagnosis. Methods: This retrospective study included 119 patients with colposcopy indications who had no cervical pathology between January 2015 and March 2017 and the histopathological results were evaluated. Results: The mean age of the population was 45.75±9.52 years. The histopathological results obtained in our study patients are as follows; 38.7% (n=46) LSIL, 28.7% (n=33) chronic cervicitis, 15, 3 % (n=19) coilositosis, 9.2% (n=11) HSIL, 2.5% (n=5) adenocarcinoma, 1.7% (n=2) carcinoma in situ and 2.1% (n=3) squamous carcinoma. LSIL 33 (27.5%), HSIL and advanced lesion 11 (9.2%) were detected in patients with normal cervical cytology before colposcopy. LSIL 26 (21.7%), HSIL and advanced lesion were found to be 13 (10.8%) in patients with abnormal cervical cytology. There was no significant difference in terms of biopsy pathology results between normal and non-normal cervical cytology results. Conclusions: In patients with HPV positive and normal colposcopic findings, adding simultaneous routine four-quadrant cervical biopsy to the colposcopy might increase the detection rate of cervical intraepithelial lesions. &nbsp

TUBULAR SURFACES WITH DARBOUX FRAME IN GALILEAN 3-SPACE

In this paper, we define tubular surface by using a Darboux frame instead of a Frenet frame. Subsequently, we compute the Gaussian curvature and the mean curvature of the tubular surface with a Darboux frame. Moreover, we obtain some characterizations for special curves on this tubular surface in a Galilean 3-space

Is there a relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome and the FABP1 gene rs2197076 single nucleotide polymorphism?

Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial, endocrine, and metabolic disorder seen in 10%-20% of women of reproductive age. Due to the close relationship observed between the increased risk of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance and the polymorphism of the fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) gene rs2197076 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), we investigated the frequency of the FABP1 gene rs2197076 SNP in patients with PCOS. Methods: This is a prospective case-control study. The study included 151 women—75 patients with PCOS and 76 healthy women. A real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for the FABP1 rs2197076 polymorphism. Additionally, biochemical and hormonal levels of the patients were studied. Results: Menstrual irregularities, the body mass index (BMI), hirsutism scores, the luteinizing hormone / follicular stimulating hormone ratio, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and testosterone levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control. There was no significant difference between the PCOS and control groups in terms of FABP1 rs2197076 genotype distribution and FABP1 rs2197076 allele frequency distribution. Conclusion: There was no increase in the genotype distribution and allelic frequency of the FABP1 gene rs2197076 SNP in PCOS patients. Further studies are needed on this subject

On Motion of Robot End-Effector Using the Curvature Theory of Timelike Ruled Surfaces with Timelike Rulings

The trajectory of a robot end-effector is described by a ruled surface and a spin angle about the ruling of the ruled surface. In this way, the differential properties of motion of the end-effector are obtained from the well-known curvature theory of a ruled surface. The curvature theory of a ruled surface generated by a line fixed in the end-effector referred to as the tool line is used for more accurate motion of a robot end-effector. In the present paper, we first defined tool trihedron in which tool line is contained for timelike ruled surface with timelike ruling, and transition relations among surface trihedron: tool trihedron, generator trihedron, natural trihedron, and Darboux vectors for each trihedron, were found. Then differential properties of robot end-effector's motion were obtained by using the curvature theory of timelike ruled surfaces with timelike ruling

On Motion of Robot End-Effector Using the Curvature Theory of Timelike Ruled Surfaces with Timelike Rulings

The trajectory of a robot end-effector is described by a ruled surface and a spin angle about the ruling of the ruled surface. In this way, the differential properties of motion of the end-effector are obtained from the well-known curvature theory of a ruled surface. The curvature theory of a ruled surface generated by a line fixed in the end-effector referred to as the tool line is used for more accurate motion of a robot end-effector. In the present paper, we first defined tool trihedron in which tool line is contained for timelike ruled surface with timelike ruling, and transition relations among surface trihedron: tool trihedron, generator trihedron, natural trihedron, and Darboux vectors for each trihedron, were found. Then differential properties of robot end-effector's motion were obtained by using the curvature theory of timelike ruled surfaces with timelike ruling

Evaluation of the Possible Neurotoxic Effect of the Bone Cement on the Facial Nerve: An Experimental Study

Objectives To investigate neurotoxic effect of bone cement (BC) on facial nerve by using electrophysiological and histopathological methods. Methods This study included 20 male albino Wistar rats, divided into four equal groups. Group A was designed as the control group, while group B was sham group. In the group C, BC solution was dropped onto the facial nerve trunks of rats and washed with physiological saline after 5 seconds. In the group D, BC solution was dropped onto the facial nerve trunks of rats and after allowing 5 minutes to dry, wounds were closed. Pre- and postoperative (on 4th week) evoked electromyography (EMG) measurements were done. For histopathological assessments, the rats were euthanized and tissue samples of facial nerve and surrounding areas were collected. Results According to the wave amplitude levels of evoked EMG, postoperative amplitude levels of group D were significantly decreased, compared to preoperative amplitude levels (P=0.043). We found no statistically significant difference in inflammation among the groups. In none of the groups, foreign body reaction and granulation tissue were not detected in any of the groups. In addition, degeneration in axon, myelin, or perineural nets was not detected in any of the groups. Conclusion This study results suggest that BC has no direct toxicity on facial nerve, while it has indirect effects, by decreasing amplitude. Therefore, we conclude that direct contact of BC with nerve should be avoided, and the area should be cleaned by aspiration or washing with physiological saline in case of contact