Synthesis of intermediate compounds with P-N bond from (thio)carbamates and chlorodioxaphospholanes and -phosphorinanes and their reactivity

A variety of 2-(N-alkoxy(thio)carbonyl alkyl(aryl)amino)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholanes and phosphorinanes were prepared from chlorodioxaphospholanes and phosphorinanes. Their structures were determined by IR, Mass and NMR spectroscopy. These compounds were employed in direct reactions with elemental sulphur and methylester of chloroacetic acid giving potentially physiologically active N-phosphorylated carbamates with P(O)-N and P(S)N bonds

Educar los enfoques de la propiedad intelectual como tendencias de aplicación de la buena fe subjetiva en el derecho ruso

In Russian law, the term "good faith" ("good conscience") refers to different concepts: "honest practice" and "ignorance of the fact when such ignorance generates legal consequences." The article investigate  the educational aspects of distinguishing  objective and subjective good faith. The questions of application of the rules on subjective good faith to the relations arising in connection with the establishment, circulation and protection of civil rights are considered. The analysis of the content of the legal regime of objects of absolute property rights (things, property security, share in the right of common property, corporate rights) allowed us to conclude that the consideration of the rules on subjective good faith is a natural, necessary element of the legal regime of any object of civil turnover, and the real question is only the recognition of such an element of the legal regime by the rule of law and the definition of the features of its application.En la ley rusa, el término "buena fe" ("buena conciencia") se refiere a diferentes conceptos: "práctica honesta" e "ignorancia del hecho cuando tal ignorancia genera consecuencias legales". El artículo investiga los aspectos educativos de distinguir la buena fe objetiva y subjetiva. Se consideran las cuestiones de aplicación de las normas sobre buena fe subjetiva a las relaciones que surgen en relación con el establecimiento, la circulación yla protección de los derechos civiles. El análisis del contenido del régimen legal de los objetos de derechos de propiedad absolutos (cosas, seguridad de la propiedad, participación en el derecho de propiedad común, derechos corporativos) nos permitió concluir que la consideración de las reglas sobre la buena fe subjetiva es algo natural, elemento necesario del régimen legal de cualquier objeto de renovación civil, y la cuestión real es solo el reconocimiento de dicho elemento del régimen legal por el estado de derecho y la definición de las características de su aplicación

Tendencias de aplicación de la buena fe subjetiva en el derecho ruso: enfoques de propiedad intelectual

In Russian law, the term “good faith” (“good conscience”) refers to different concepts: “honest practice” and “ignorance of the fact when such ignorance generates legal consequences.” The article distinguishes between objective and subjective good faith. The questions of application of the rules on subjective good faith to the relations arising in connection with the establishment, circulation and protection of civil rights are considered. The analysis of the content of the legal regime of objects of absolute property rights (things, property security, share in the right of common property, corporate rights) allowed us to conclude that the consideration of the rules on subjective good faith is a natural, necessary element of the legal regime of any object of civil turnover, and the real question is only the recognition of such an element of the legal regime by the rule of law and the definition of the features of its application.En la ley rusa, el término «buena fe» («buena conciencia») se refiere a diferentes conceptos: «práctica honesta» e «ignorancia del hecho cuando tal ignorancia genera consecuencias legales». El artículo distingue entre buena fe objetiva y subjetiva. Se consideran las cuestiones de aplicación de las normas sobre la buena fe subjetiva a las relaciones que surgen en relación con el establecimiento, la circulación y la protección de los derechos civiles. El análisis del contenido del régimen legal de los objetos de derechos de propiedad absolutos (cosas, seguridad de la propiedad, participación en el derecho de propiedad común, derechos corporativos) nos permitió concluir que la consideración de las reglas sobre la buena fe subjetiva es algo natural, elemento necesario del régimen legal de cualquier objeto de renovación civil, y la cuestión real es solo el reconocimiento de dicho elemento del régimen legal por el estado de derecho y la definición de las características de su aplicación

Educating the Approaches to Intellectual Property as the Trends of Application of Subjective Good Faith in Russian Law

In Russian law, the term "good faith" ("good conscience") refers to different concepts: "honest practice" and "ignorance of the fact when such ignorance generates legal consequences." The article investigate  the educational aspects of distinguishing  objective and subjective good faith. The questions of application of the rules on subjective good faith to the relations arising in connection with the establishment, circulation and protection of civil rights are considered. The analysis of the content of the legal regime of objects of absolute property rights (things, property security, share in the right of common property, corporate rights) allowed us to conclude that the consideration of the rules on subjective good faith is a natural, necessary element of the legal regime of any object of civil turnover, and the real question is only the recognition of such an element of the legal regime by the rule of law and the definition of the features of its application

Operando QEXAFS Study of Pt–Fe Ammonia Slip Catalysts During Realistic Driving Cycles

Bifunctional Fe–Pt ammonia slip catalysts were studied by operando quick-scanning extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (QEXAFS) under conditions mimicking rapid temperature variations that occur in an automotive exhaust gas aftertreatment system during real driving. Two catalysts, Pt/Al2O3 and Fe-ZSM-5, were tested individually, as mixtures and in dual bed arrangements. Applying QEXAFS allowed to track changes of active metal state with high time resolution. It uncovered a strong dependence of the active metal state on reaction conditions and catalyst bed layout. For example, proximity to platinum stabilized iron species in their more active oxidized state and led to higher Fe-ZSM-5 activity. On the contrary, isolated iron species were more susceptible to overreduction by ammonia which led to deactivation and low selectivity. The use of transient conditions uncovered the influence of non-equilibrium phenomena on catalytic performance under industrially relevant conditions. Specifically, the effect of ammonia storage on the increase of activity was shown. This was also accompanied by elevated N2O production not observed during tests with gradual heating. Additionally, unusually high NOx selectivity was detected for Fe-ZSM-5 under these conditions. Lastly, tracking catalyst state under dynamic reaction conditions disclosed that Fe-ZSM-5 activity did not grow directly with temperature increase but rather depended on the oxidation state of Fe and surface concentration of ammonia

Influence of Si/Al ratios on the properties of copper bearing zeolites with different framework types

Several copper containing zeolite based catalysts with different initial Si/Al and different zeolite support (types MCM-22, FAU, BETA) were synthesized or prepared from commercial precursors in a powdered and pelleted form via a direct hydrothermal synthesis and ion exchange method, and then subsequently characterized for the evaluation of their chemical, surface and catalytic properties. The characterization of the zeolites, which included the analysis of their morphological and acid-base properties, was performed by using various techniques such as the N2 physisorption, Pyridine-FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDAX and TEM. The activity and stability of the prepared catalysts were tested in the catalytic screening in a catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of the model polyphenolic wastewater. The obtained results provided an insight into the cause-and-effect relationship between the silica to alumina ratio and its direct effect on the acidity and basicity of the prepared zeolites, as well as the indirect one on their morphology, textural and surface properties of both the parent zeolite and active metal component. The use of active catalysts resulted in successfully operating the process under mild conditions with low energy consumption. It was found that the copper and iron containing catalysts showed promising activity, while the stability of the active metal component still is and remains a challenge to obtain

Reductive N-methylation of amines using dimethyl carbonate and molecular hydrogen: Mechanistic insights through kinetic modelling

[EN] Kinetic analysis of ruthenium-catalyzed reductive N-methylation of amines using dimethyl carbonate as C1 source and molecular hydrogen as reductant has been performed. Kinetic equations have been derived and kinetic modelling has been performed for experimental data generated previously at a constant hydrogen pressure as well as for additional experiments performed at different hydrogen pressures. The study has revealed interesting kinetic features related to an induction period strongly influenced by temperature. A kinetic model has been proposed based on advanced reaction mechanism featuring transformation between different type of catalytic species and inactivation of them during the reaction. Kinetic modelling was done for all data sets together showing excellent correspondence between calculations and experiments.Cabrero Antonino, JR.; Adam-Ortiz, R.; Wärnå, J.; Murzin, DY.; Beller, M. (2018). Reductive N-methylation of amines using dimethyl carbonate and molecular hydrogen: Mechanistic insights through kinetic modelling. Chemical Engineering Journal. 351:1129-1136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.06.174S1129113635

Non-thermal plasma for process and energy intensification in dry reforming of methane

Plasma-assisted dry reforming of methane (DRM) is considered as a potential way to convert natural gas into fuels and chemicals under near ambient temperature and pressure; particularly for distributed processes based on renewable energy. Both catalytic and photocatalytic technologies have been applied for DRM to investigate the CH4 conversion and the energy efficiency of the process. For conventional catalysis; metaldoped Ni-based catalysts are proposed as a leading vector for further development. However; coke deposition leads to fast deactivation of catalysts which limits the catalyst lifetime. Photocatalysis in combination with non-thermal plasma (NTP), on the other hand; is an enabling technology to convert CH4 to more reactive intermediates. Placing the catalyst directly in the plasma zone or using post-plasma photocatalysis could generate a synergistic effect to increase the formation of the desired products. In this review; the recent progress in the area of NTP-(photo)catalysis applications for DRM has been described; with an in-depth discussion of novel plasma reactor types and operational conditions including employment of ferroelectric materials and nanosecond-pulse discharges. Finally, recent developments in the area of optical diagnostic tools for NTP, such as optical emission spectroscopy (OES), in-situ FTIR, and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), are reviewed