The impact of human capital on the early success of necessity versus opportunity-based entrepreneurs

This paper examines whether founders' backgrounds influence new firm survival in the early years after startup, focusing, in particular, on the impact of unemployment-driven entrepreneurship. For entrepreneurs who left their previous employment to found a new firm, both general and specific human capital play a key role in enhancing early survival chances. However, various forms of human capital have little effect on early survival of unemployment-driven entrepreneurs, who rely mostly on previous entrepreneurial experience to persevere. Results suggest that pre-entry capabilities play an important role in the early success of opportunity-based entrepreneurs, but have little influence on the early success of necessity-based ones

The impact of human capital on the early success of necessity versus opportunity-based entrepreneurs

This paper examines whether founders' backgrounds influence new firm survival in the early years after startup, focusing, in particular, on the impact of unemployment-driven entrepreneurship. For entrepreneurs who left their previous employment to found a new firm, both general and specific human capital play a key role in enhancing early survival chances. However, various forms of human capital have little effect on early survival of unemployment-driven entrepreneurs, who rely mostly on previous entrepreneurial experience to persevere. Results suggest that pre-entry capabilities play an important role in the early success of opportunity-based entrepreneurs, but have little influence on the early success of necessity-based ones

Öğrenme ve farklı talep fonksiyonlarını içeren ekonomik üretim miktarı model önerileri

This doctoral dissertation is an empirical qualitative research study on the emergence of learnables in classrooms of Swedish as a second language. It adopts a dialogical and praxeological approach, and analysis is based on video recorded teacher-student interactivities in classrooms. Learnables are taken to be linguistic items or constructs that are displayed as unknown by students, or problematized by students or teachers, and therefore oriented to as explainable, remediable, or improvable. Learnables are introduced in planned or less planned classroom activities, either in passing, while continuing the current main activity, or in sidesequences. In these activities, teachers and students not only talk, but also use other embodied resources (e.g. pointing) or available artifacts (e.g. worksheets) to highlight linguistic learnables. Teachers and students use these resources for achieving and maintaining intersubjectivity as well as contributing learnables to the interactivities. Through manifest embodied practices, abstract linguistic learnables become objectified, and knowledge about them gets organized in and through joint co-operative activities.Denna avhandling är en empirisk, kvalitativ studie om uppkomsten av s.k. ”learnables” i svenska som andraspråksutbildning. Studien antar ett dialogiskt och praxeologiskt perspektiv, och analysen baseras på video-inspelade lärare-elevinteraktiviteter i klassrummet. ”Learnables” utgörs av språkliga objekt eller konstruktioner, som hanteras som obekanta av elever, eller som problematiseras av elever eller lärare, och därför orienteras emot som objekt som kan förklaras, korrigeras eller förbättras. ”Learnables” kan uppstå i planerade eller mindre planerade klarssrumsaktiviteter, antingen i förbigående, samtidigt som huvudaktiviteten fortsätter utan avbrott, eller i sidosekvenser. I dessa aktiviteter använder lärare och elever inte bara talspråk, utan även andra kroppsliga resurser (t.ex. pekningar) eller tillgängliga artefakter (t.ex. papper) för att fokusera på språkliga ”learnables”. Lärare och elever använder dessa medel för att uppnå och bibehålla intersubjektivitet, samt för att bidra med ”learnables” till interaktiviteterna. Genom konkreta kroppsliga metoder blir abstrakta, språkliga ”learnables” objektifierade och kunskapen om dem organiseras i och genom deltagarnas koordinerade handlingar

Tamamlayıcı ve ikame malların fiyatı etkisi altında talebin malın satış fiyatı ve zamana bağlı olduğu durum için bir ekonomik sipariş miktarı modeli

Demand for a product is affected by its own selling price. In many situations it has also been affected by its Complement’s as well as substitute’s selling prices. This effect can be observed in many retailed items all over the markets. In this paper, we developed finite replenishment inventory model while considering that demand is sensitive to changes in time, its selling price and prices of complementary and substitute good’s. Numerical example and sensitivity analysis have been performed for demand equation parameters.Bir malın talebi, malın kendi satış fiyatından etkilenmektedir. Çoğu durumda bu talep bu malın tamamlayıcısı ve ikamesi olan malların fiyatından da etkilenmektedir. Bu etki marketlerdeki parekende ürünlerin çoğunda gözlenebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada talebin; zamana, malın satış fiyatına ve tamamlayıcı ve ikame malların fiyatına bağlı olduğu durum için bir ekonomik sipariş miktarı modeli geliştirilmiştir. Talep denklemi parametreleri için sayısal örnekler verilmiş ve duyarlılık analizleri yapılmıştır

Cox regression models with time-varying covariates applied to survival success of young firms

The most widely used model in multivariate analysis of survival data is proportional hazards model proposed by Cox. While it is easy to get and interpret the results of the model, the basic assumption of proportional hazards model is that independent variables assumed to remain constant throughout the observation period. Model can give biased results in cases which this assumption is violated. One of the methods used modelling the hazard ratio in the cases that the proportional hazard assumption is not met is to add a time-dependent variable showing the interaction between the predictor variable and a parametric function of time. In this study, we investigate the factors that affect the survival time of the firms and the time dependence of these factors using ox regression considering time-varying variables. The firm data comes from Business Development Centers (İŞGEM) which is a prominent business incubation center operating in Turkey

TAMAMLAYICI VE İKAME MALLARIN FİYATI ETKİSİ ALTINDA TALEBİN MALIN SATIŞ FİYATI VE ZAMANA BAĞLI OLDUĞU DURUM İÇİN BİR EKONOMİK SİPARİŞ MİKTARI MODELİ

Bir malın talebi, malın kendi satış fiyatından etkilenmektedir. Çoğu durumda bu talep bu malın tamamlayıcısı ve ikamesi olan malların fiyatından da etkilenmektedir. Bu etki marketlerdeki parekende ürünlerin çoğunda gözlenebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada talebin; zamana, malın satış fiyatına ve tamamlayıcı ve ikame malların fiyatına bağlı olduğu durum için bir ekonomik sipariş miktarı modeli geliştirilmiştir. Talep denklemi parametreleri için sayısal örnekler verilmiş ve duyarlılık analizleri yapılmıştır

Effects of different site preparation methods on soil carbon and nutrient removal from Eastern beech regeneration sites in Turkey's Black Sea region

SARGINCI, Murat/0000-0002-2263-9003; TOPRAK, BULENT/0000-0001-6500-7885; Esen, Derya/0000-0003-4175-758XWOS: 000276868300005In terms of wood production, eastern beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) is one of the most important Turkish tree species. The main forestry operation in the Black Sea region (BSR) is the harvesting of natural beech stands. These stands are naturally regenerated. A dense rhododendron (Rhododendron spp.) understorey prevents eastern beech (F. orientalis Lipsky) seed-tree regeneration in the Turkish BSR. Our study objective was to investigate the forest ecosystem effects of different woody vegetation control methods on forest floor organic matter (OM), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil physical and chemical properties and nutrients on beech regeneration sites in this region. In 2006, rhododendrons were cleared from treatment plots using hand labour by grubbing (GR), prescribed fire (PE), or machine preparation (MP) with a rake-equipped bulldozer. Untreated plots served as controls. The woody vegetation understorey, forest floor OM and mineral soil (0-20 cm) were sampled, and their biomass, SOC and nutrient content were estimated for each treatment. While effective in preparing sites for beech regeneration, the MP treatment resulted in highly compacted soil (mean = 1.5 g cm(-3)) compared to the other treatments (1.1 g cm(-3)). It also showed the largest ecosystem losses of C (-45%), N (-30%), and P (-55%) from the forest floor and mineral soil (0-20 cm). Furthermore, the MP treatment induced large ecosystem losses of soil K (-72%) and Ca (-58%). Both the GR and PF treatments increased soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) relative to the controls, while their ecosystem C (-25%) and N (-22%) losses were moderate. In conclusion, the MP site preparation method removes more OM and soil nutrients, resulting in a lower soil CEC capacity compared to the other rhododendron control practices, including prescribed fire. Using heavy machinery during site preparation compacts the soil, increasing soil density to a level that may restrict plant growth. In contrast, grubbing and prescribed fire increase the soil pH and plant nutrient availability without compacting the soil. Therefore, these two methods should be promoted as effective and sustainable rhododendron control techniques for long-term productivity of eastern beech forests. (C) Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.T.R. Prime Ministry State Planning organization (DPT)Turkiye Cumhuriyeti Kalkinma Bakanligi; Duzce University Scientific Research Project Department (BAP)Duzce University [BAP. 2008.02.02.015]We acknowledge the following organizations and grant projects for their contributions: the T.R. Prime Ministry State Planning organization (DPT) for granting the project entitled "Kayin (F. orientalis Lipsky) Genclestirme Alanlarinda Farkli Saha Hazirlama Yontemlerinin Uzun Vadede Toprak Verimliligine Etkisi;" the Duzce University Scientific Research Project Department (BAP) for granting the project entitled "Kayin (F. orientalis Lipsky) genclesstirme alanlarindaki diri ortu temizligi yontemlerinin besin kaybina etkisi" (BAP. 2008.02.02.015); and the Deredibi Forest Management Chiefship of the Akcakoca Management Directorate and Asar Forest Management Chiefship of the Duzce Management Directorate for permission to conduct the experiments in their jurisdiction. Kermit Cromack, Jr. reviewed the manuscript, Kevin T. Cromack and Angeline S. Cromack edited the paper, and Jerry A. Mohr helped with the illustration