161 research outputs found
Suzaku and XMM-Newton Observations of the Fornax cluster: Temperature and Metallicity Distribution
Suzaku observed a central region and five offset regions within 0.2 r180 in
the Fornax cluster, a nearby poor cluster, and XMM-Newton mapped the cluster
with 15 pointings out to 0.3 r180. The distributions of O, Mg, Si, S, and Fe in
the intracluster medium (ICM) were studied with Suzaku, and those of Fe and
temperature were studied with XMM. The temperature of the ICM gradually
decreases with radius from 1.3 keV at 0.04 r180 to 1 keV at 0.2-0.3 r180. If
the new solar abundances of Lodders et al. (2003) and a single-temperature
plasma model are adopted, O, Mg, Si, S, and Fe show similar abundances: 0.4-0.6
solar within 0.02-0.2 r180. This Fe abundance is similar to those at 0.1-0.2
r180 in rich clusters and other groups of galaxies. At 0.2-0.3 r180, the Fe
abundance becomes 0.2-0.3 solar. A two-temperature plasma model yields ICM
abundances that are higher by a factor of 1.2-1.5, but gives similar abundance
ratios among O, Mg, Si, S, and Fe. The northern region has a lower ICM
temperature and higher brightness and Fe abundance, whereas the southern region
has a higher ICM temperature and lower brightness and Fe abundance. These
results indicate that the cD galaxy may have traveled from the north because of
recent dynamical evolution. The cumulative oxygen- and iron-mass-to-light
ratios within 0.3 r180 are more than an order of magnitude lower than those of
rich clusters and some relaxed groups of galaxies. Past dynamical evolution
might have hindered the strong concentration of hot gas in the Fornax cluster's
central region. Scatter in the IMLR and similarity in the element abundances in
the ICM of groups and clusters of galaxies indicate early metal synthesis.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in PAS
<Abstract of Published Report>The Effect of Ethanolamine on Acute Carbon Tetrachloride Intoxication.
A Complicated Case of Tacrolimus-Induced Rapid Remission after Cesarean Section in the Early Third Trimester for Refractory Severe Ulcerative Colitis Flaring in the Initial Period of Gestation
A 36-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with ulcerative colitis at the age of 17 years was referred to our hospital because of severe abdominal pain and repeated bloody diarrhea that persisted during pregnancy despite combination therapy with high-dose corticosteroids and weekly granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis (GMA). She underwent combination therapy consisting of high-dose corticosteroids, intensive GMA (two sessions per week) and vancomycin, which was used to eradicate Clostridium difficile, under total parenteral nutrition control until the estimated weight of her fetus reached 1,000 g. This combination therapy was partially successful, resulting in almost complete disappearance of abdominal pain and a marked decrease in stool frequency. However bloody diarrhea persisted and the patient developed anemia and hypoalbuminemia and was unable to prolong her gestation time. Cesarean section was conducted at 28 weeks of gestation without any congenital abnormalities or neurological defects. Oral administration of tacrolimus was begun 7 days after cesarean section, which was followed by rapid induction of remission. Corticosteroids were then gradually tapered off. Tacrolimus is one therapeutic option after cesarean section in pregnant patients who do not respond well to GMA and high-dose corticosteroids for persistent active ulcerative colitis
Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Forecasting
This paper summarizes the forecast methods, outputs and skill offered by twelve agencies for seasonal tropical cyclone (TC) activity around the world. These agencies use a variety of techniques ranging from statistical models to dynamical models to predict basinwide activity and regional activity. In addition, several dynamical and hybrid statistical/dynamical models now predict TC track density as well as landfall likelihood. Realtime Atlantic seasonal hurricane forecasts have shown low skill in April, modest skill in June and good skill in August at predicting basinwide TC activity when evaluated over 2003-2018. Real-time western North Pacific seasonal TC forecasts have shown good skill by July for basinwide intense typhoon numbers and the ACE index when evaluated for 2003-2018. Both hindcasts and real-time forecasts have shown skill for other TC basins. A summary of recent research into forecasting TC activity beyond seasonal (e.g., multi-year) timescales is included. Recommendations for future areas of research are also discussed
AKARI Infrared Observations of the Supernova Remnant G292.0+1.8: Unveiling Circumstellar Medium and Supernova Ejecta
We present the results of AKARI observations of the O-rich supernova remnant
G292.0+1.8 using six IRC and four FIS bands covering 2.7-26.5 um and 50-180 um,
respectively. The AKARI images show two prominent structures; a bright
equatorial ring structure and an outer elliptical shell structure. The
equatorial ring structure is clumpy and incomplete with its western end opened.
The outer shell is almost complete and slightly squeezed along the north-south
direction. The central position of the outer shell is ~ 1' northwest from the
embedded pulsar and coincides with the center of the equatorial ring structure.
The equatorial ring and the elliptical shell structures were partly visible in
optical and/or X-rays, but they are much more clearly revealed in our AKARI
images. There is no evident difference in infrared colors of the two prominent
structures, which is consistent with the previous proposition that both
structures are of circumstellar origin. However, we have detected faint
infrared emission of a considerably high 15 to 24 um ratio associated with the
supernova ejecta in the southeastern and northwestern areas. Our IRC spectra
show that the high ratio is at least partly due to the emission lines from Ne
ions in the supernova ejecta material. In addition we detect a narrow,
elongated feature outside the SNR shell. We derive the physical parameters of
the infrared-emitting dust grains in the shocked circumstellar medium and
compare the result with model calculations of dust destruction by a SN shock.
The AKARI results suggest that the progenitor was at the center of the infrared
circumstellar shell in red supergiant stage and that the observed asymmetry in
the SN ejecta could be a result of either a dense circumstellar medium in the
equatorial plane and/or an asymmetric explosion.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables; Accepted for publication in Ap
The efficacy of enteral nutrition for patients who had complications after gastrectomy for gastric cancer
When nutritional supports are needed, enteral nutrition (EN) is recommended since it is more physiologic and effective compared with parental nutrition. However, the efficacy and safety of EN remains unclear for patients who had complications after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. In the current study, 4 patients took EN and 10 patients took total parental nutrition (TPN) due to complications after gastrectomy for gastric cancer from 2012 to 2014. In the EN group, tube was placed through the nose into the small bowel using nasal endoscope and guide wire without any complications. Total calorie given in EN group was significantly higher than that in TPN group (p=0.005). The rates of increase in serum concentration of total protein and albumin in EN group was higher than those in TPN group although there was not significant difference. Furthermore, postoperative length of hospital stay in EN group was shorter than that in TPN group without significant differences. There is no complication attributed to EN while there are three catheter-related bloodstream infection in the TPN group. Our results indicate that EN is effective and safe for patients who had complications after gastrectomy for gastric cancer
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