Liquid droplet generation

A pre-prototype segment of a droplet sheet generator for a liquid droplet radiator was designed, constructed and tested. The ability to achieve a uniform, non-diverging droplet sheet is limited by manufacturing tolerances on nozzle parallelism. For an array of 100, 100 micrometer diameters nozzles spaced 5 stream diameters apart, typical standard deviations in stream alignment were plus or minus 10 mrad. The drop to drop fractional speed variations of the drops in typical streams were similar and independent of position in the array. The absolute value of the speed dispersion depended on the amplitude of the disturbance applied to the stream. A second generation preliminary design of a 5200 stream segment of a droplet sheet generator was completed. The design is based on information developed during testing of the pre-prototype segment, along with the results of an acoustical analysis for the stagnation cavity pressure fluctuations used to break-up the streams into droplets

A Technique for the Nondestructive Detection of Voids and Composition Anomalies in Metal Matrix Composite Wires Using X or γ Rays

An initial study of a technique proposed for the nondestructive testing of metal matrix composites is the subject of this paper. These composites are manufactured in the form of approximately 1/2-mm-diameter “precursor” wires. Larger structures are fabricated by diffusion bonding of lay-ups. Reliable nondestructive quality control indicators of wire integrity have not yet been developed although a number of possibilities are being examined.1 Testing of the precursor wires is difficult because current manufacturing processes produce wires that may be entirely satisfactory but that vary in cross-sectional geometry, in surface properties, and sometimes in the amount of matrix material that is present. Techniques based on observations of wire resistance, surface emissivity, and sound emission signatures are difficult to interpret because of these characteristics. Wire imaging using x-ray or neutron techniques is also difficult because large lengths of wire must be examined with a resolution in the plane of the wire exceeding 50 line pairs per millimeter

A note on the computational cost of the linearizer algorithm for queueing networks

Linearizer is one of the best known approximation algorithms for obtaining numeric solutions for product form queueing networks. In the original exposition of Linarizer, the computational cost was started to be O(MK³) for a model with M queues and K job classes. We show in this note that with som stright forward algebraic manipulation Linearizer can be modified to require only O (MK²) computational cost.Linearizer é um dos mais conhecidos algoritmos de aproximação para se obter soluções numéricas para redes de filas em solução em forma de produto. Na explanação original de Linearizer, o custo computacional foi mostrado ser de O(MK³) para um modelo com M filas e K classes de jobs. Nesta nota mostramos que, com algumas manipulações algébricas simples, Linearizer pode ser modificado de tal maneira que o custo computacional seja reduzido para O(MK²)

Queueing networks: solutions and applications

During the pasttwo decades queueing network models have proven to be a versatile tool for computer system and computer communication system performance evaluation. This chapter provides a survey of th field with a particular emphasis on applications. We start with a brief historical retrospective which also servesto introduce the majr issues and application areas. Formal results for product form queuenig networks are reviewed with particular emphasis on the implications for computer systems modeling. Computation algorithms, sensitivity analysis and optimization techniques are among the topics covered. Many of the important applicationsof queueing networks are not amenableto exact analysis and an (often confusing) array of approximation methods have been developed over the years. A taxonomy of approximation methods is given and used as the basis for for surveing the major approximation methods that have been studied. The application of queueing network to a number of areas is surveyed, including computer system cpacity planning, packet switching networks, parallel processing, database systems and availability modeling.Durante as últimas duas décadas modelos de redes de filas provaram ser uma ferramenta versátil para avaliação de desempenho de sistemas de computação e sistemas de comunicação. Este capítulo faz um apanhado geral da área, com ênfase em aplicações. Começamos com uma breve retrospectiva histórica que serve também para introduzir os pontos mais importantes e as áreas de aplicação. Resultados formais para redes de filas em forma de produto são revisados com ênfase na modelagem de sistemas de computação. Algoritmos de computação, análise de sensibilidade e técnicas de otimização estão entre os tópicos revistos. Muitas dentre importantes aplicações de redes de filas não são tratáveis por análise exata e uma série (frequentemente confusa) de métodos de aproximação tem sido desenvolvida. Uma taxonomia de métodos de aproximação é dada e usada como base para revisão dos mais importantes métodos de aproximação propostos. Uma revisão das aplicações de redes de filas em um número de áreas é feita, incluindo planejamento de capacidade de sistemas de computação, redes de comunicação por chaveamento de pacotes, processamento paralelo, sistemas de bancos de dados e modelagem de confiabilidade

An object oriented methodology for the specification of Markov models

Modelers wish to specify their models in a symbolic, high level languae while analytic tecqniques require a low level, numerical representation. The translation between these description levels is a major problem. We describe a simple, but surprisingly powerfulapproach to specifying system level models based on an object oriented paradigm. This basic approach will be shown to have significant advantages in that it provides the basis for a modular, extensible modeling tools. With this methodology, modeling tools can be quickly and easily tailored to particular application domains. An implementation in Prolog of a system based on this methodology is described and some example applications are given. The advantages of Prolog as an implementation language are also discussedÉ desejável a especificação de modelos de sistemas de computação em uma linguagem simbólica de alto nível. Entretanto, técnicas analíticas requerem uma representação numérica de baixo nível. A tradução entre estes níveis de descrição é um grave problema. Neste artigo, descrevemos um método simples, mas surpreendentemente poderoso para especificação de modelos a nível de sistema, baseado em um modelo orientado a objeto. Mostraremos que este método básico possui vantagens significativas pois fornece a base para o desenvolvimento de ferramentas modulares que podem ser estendidas. Com esta metodologia, ferramentas de modelagem podem ser facilmente e rapidamente talhadas para um determinado domínio de aplicação. Um a implementação em Prolog de um sistema baseado nesta metodologia é descrita e alguns exemplos são incluídos. As vantagens de se usar Prolog de um sistema baseado nesta metodologia é descrita e alguns exemplos são incluídos. As vantagens de se usar Prolog coo uma linguagem de implementação são também discutidas

Experimental and Computational Study of Area and Perimeter Contributions to Radiometer Forces

The relative contribution to the radiometric force of the area and perimeter of the vane is studied experimentally and numerically. Experimentally, a circular vane, a low-aspect rectangular vane, and a high-aspect rectangular vane were all tested on a force balance, with nano-Newton resolution, placed in a stagnant gas. The computational results were obtained through 2-D simulations using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method, as well as a discrete ordinate solution of the ES model kinetic equation. Gas pressure was varied from 0.006 to 6 Pa, which was a broad enough range to observe the characteristic peak force production of a radiometer in the transition regime, where the peak occurs at Kn ~ 0.1. It was found that the area of a radiometer vane is responsible for a significant amount ofthe total force production through a wide range of operating pressures. It is only at the highest background pressures, well after force production has peaked, that the vane perimeter appears to dominate the operation of the radiometer

Cartografía temática para el ordenamiento territorial : partido de Marcos Paz

Fil: Cabral, Mirta Graciela. Cátedra de Estadística. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Marlats, Ana Laura. CICBAFil: Andrade, Gisel. CICBAFil: Muntz, Daniel E.. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Sierra, Leonardo. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Nicolás. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Gado, Patrick. Ministerio de Asuntos Agrarios de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Dynamics of Cryogenic Jets: Non-Rayleigh Breakup and Onset of Nonaxisymmetric Motions

We report development of generators for periodic, satellite-free fluxes of mono-disperse drops with diameters down to 10 mikrometers from cryogenic liquids like H_2, N_2, Ar and Xe (and, as reference fluid, water). While the breakup of water jets can well be described by Rayleigh's linear theory, we find jet regimes for H_2 and N_2 which reveal deviations from this behavior. Thus, Rayleigh's theory is inappropriate for thin jets that exchange energy and/or mass with the surrounding medium. Moreover, at high evaporation rates, axial symmetry of the dynamics is lost. When the drops pass into vacuum, frozen pellets form due to surface evaporation. The narrow width of the pellet flux paves the way towards various industrial and scientific applications.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; final version to appear in Phys.Rev.Lett (minor changes with respect to v1