Pengaruh Kepimpinan Distributif Terhadap Efikasi Guru: Satu Pemerhatian Awal

Amalan kepimpinan yang lebih fleksibel dan bercorak perkongsian perlu diamalkan supaya dapat menambah efikasi kendiri guru supaya mereka lebih efektif serta dapat membantu dalam meningkatkan pencapaian sekolah. Justeru itu, penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk meninjau pengaruh kepimpinan distributif terhadap efikasi kendiri guru-guru. Tinjauan ini dilakukan berpandukan sumber literatur dan pemerhatian awal mendapati bahawa pemimpin yang mengamalkan kepimpinan distributif mampu mempengaruhi efikasi kendiri guru

Courtroom Decision Support System Using Case based Reasoning

AbstractThe legal practices in our country have not seen any major changes in terms of technology advancement for decades. While decision support system finding inroads in many other specialized areas, there has been no work done to bring decision support system into legal environment. It is extremely a lengthy waiting period of time to bring a case to court, let alone the whole process of trial until the judgment day. To address this problem, it is suggested to convert our current legal practice into an intelligent based decision support system. A study was conducted by developing a prototype applying a decision support technique to serve as a “virtual courtroom” to plaintiff and defendant in solving their legal cases without the involvement of actual trial. To ensure the system produces fair solutions, case based reasoning was identified as the most suitable technique. This paper proposes the application of case based reasoning in solving legal cases due to the characteristics of the technique which resembles human cognition in solving problems

The Risk of Recurrence in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Tamoxifen: Polymorphisms of CYP2D6 and ABCB1

CYP2D6 plays a major role in the metabolism of tamoxifen, and polymorphism of Pglycoprotein has been associated with resistance of many drug therapies. This study investigates the clinical impact of genetic variants of CYP2D6 and ABCB1 in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Blood samples from 95 breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen were collected and genotyped for CYP2D6 and ABCB1 variants using allele-specific PCR method. Recurrence risks were calculated using Kaplan–Meier analysis and compared using the log-rank test. Patients carrying CYP2D6*10/*10 and heterozygous null allele (IM) showed higher risks of developing recurrence and metastasis (OR 13.14; 95% CI 1.57–109.94; P=0.004) than patients with CYP2D6*1/*1 and *1/*10 genotypes. Patients with homozygous CC genotypes of ABCB1 C3435T showed a shorter time to recurrence. Patients who were CYP2D6 IM and homozygous CC genotype of C3435T have statistically significant higher risks of recurrence (P=0.002). Similarly, median time to recurrence in these patients was only 12 months (95% CI=0.79–23.2) compared to those without this combination which was 48 months (95% CI=14.7–81.2). Patients with CYP2D6 IM and homozygous CC genotype of ABCB1 C3435T have shorter times to recurrence. The results confirmed the findings of previous studies and support FDA recommendation to perform pre-genotyping in patients before the choice of therapy is determined in breast cancer patients

Differential Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue Following Weight Loss Induced by Diet or Bariatric Surgery

Context: Mitochondria are essential for cellular energy homeostasis, yet their role in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) during different types of weight-loss interventions remains unknown. Objective: To investigate how SAT mitochondria change following diet-induced and bariatric surgery-induced weight-loss interventions in 4 independent weight-loss studies. Methods: The DiOGenes study is a European multicenter dietary intervention with an 8-week low caloric diet (LCD; 800 kcal/d; n = 261) and 6-month weight-maintenance (n = 121) period. The Kuopio Obesity Surgery study (KOBS) is a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery study (n = 172) with a 1-year follow-up. We associated weight-loss percentage with global and 2210 mitochondria-related RNA transcripts in linear regression analysis adjusted for age and sex. We repeated these analyses in 2 studies. The Finnish CRYO study has a 6-week LCD (800-1000 kcal/d; n = 19) and a 10.5-month follow-up. The Swedish DEOSH study is a RYGB surgery study with a 2-year (n = 49) and 5-year (n = 37) follow-up. Results: Diet-induced weight loss led to a significant transcriptional downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation (DiOGenes; ingenuity pathway analysis [IPA] z-scores: -8.7 following LCD, -4.4 following weight maintenance; CRYO: IPA z-score: -5.6, all P < 0.001), while upregulation followed surgery-induced weight loss (KOBS: IPA z-score: 1.8, P < 0.001; in DEOSH: IPA z-scores: 4.0 following 2 years, 0.0 following 5 years). We confirmed an upregulated oxidative phosphorylation at the proteomics level following surgery (IPA z-score: 3.2, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Differentially regulated SAT mitochondria-related gene expressions suggest qualitative alterations between weight-loss interventions, providing insights into the potential molecular mechanistic targets for weight-loss success.Peer reviewe

Differential Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue Following Weight Loss Induced by Diet or Bariatric Surgery

ContextMitochondria are essential for cellular energy homeostasis, yet their role in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) during different types of weight-loss interventions remains unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate how SAT mitochondria change following diet-induced and bariatric surgery–induced weight-loss interventions in 4 independent weight-loss studies.MethodsThe DiOGenes study is a European multicenter dietary intervention with an 8-week low caloric diet (LCD; 800 kcal/d; n = 261) and 6-month weight-maintenance (n = 121) period. The Kuopio Obesity Surgery study (KOBS) is a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery study (n = 172) with a 1-year follow-up. We associated weight-loss percentage with global and 2210 mitochondria-related RNA transcripts in linear regression analysis adjusted for age and sex. We repeated these analyses in 2 studies. The Finnish CRYO study has a 6-week LCD (800-1000 kcal/d; n = 19) and a 10.5-month follow-up. The Swedish DEOSH study is a RYGB surgery study with a 2-year (n = 49) and 5-year (n = 37) follow-up.ResultsDiet-induced weight loss led to a significant transcriptional downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation (DiOGenes; ingenuity pathway analysis [IPA] z-scores: −8.7 following LCD, −4.4 following weight maintenance; CRYO: IPA z-score: −5.6, all P ConclusionsDifferentially regulated SAT mitochondria-related gene expressions suggest qualitative alterations between weight-loss interventions, providing insights into the potential molecular mechanistic targets for weight-loss success.</p

Synthesis of asprin thiourea derivative and its antibacterial studies

A new series ofAspirin - thiourea derivatives have been synthesized for biological interest by addition of active amine groups like Para-ansidine, Orto-anisidine, Ortotoluidin and Para-Chloroaniline. The structure of synthesized compound was characterized by IR, IHNMR and IlCNMR. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity using Gram negative bacteria (Ecoli) using Disc diffusion method.2- {[(2methylphenyl)carbamothioyl] carbamoyl) phenyl acetate showed excellent inhibition against Ecoli compared to all synthesized compound

Effects of processing parameters on the yield of cellulose isolated from sawdust

Over past the decades there has been a growing interest in the isolation of cellulose due to its high demand in paper industries, food industries, pharmaceutical and textiles. In this project, cellulose from sawdust will be isolated and characterized using FTIR and SEM. The cellulose from sawdust was isolated through chemical pretreatment and under different conditions. The effect of processing parameter such as concentrations of acid used in chemical pretreatment, treatment time and temperature on the yield of cellulose was studied. Treatment of sample with 2 wt % of acidified sodium chlorite (NaCI02) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for 4 hours at 70 °C is the optimum condition to produce highest yield of cellulose which is 45.3 ± 0. l4 %. Furthermore, the pure cellulose isolated from sawdust was further synthesized into nanoparticles with different concentration of cellulose solution. The increase in cellulose solution from 0.0 1 w/v % to 0.10 w/v % increases the average diameter of nanoparticles formed, where 0.0 I w/v % formed nanoparticles diameter of 122 ± 24 nm and 0.10 w/v % formed nanoparticles diameter of 379 ± 75 nm

Performance of straight steel fibres reinforced alkali activated concrete

This paper focus on the performance of alkali activated concrete produced by using fly ash activated by sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solutions. These alkali activated concrete were reinforced with straight steel fibres with different weight percentage starting from 0 % up to 5 %. Chemical composition of raw material in the production alkali activated concrete which is fly ash was first identified by using X-ray fluorescence. Results reveal there have an effect of straight steel fibres inclusion to the alkali activated concrete. Highest compressive strength of alkali activated concrete which is 67.72 MPa was obtained when 3 % of straight fibres were added. As well as flexural strength, highest flexural strength which is 6.78 MPa was obtained at 3 % of straight steel fibres inclusions