Reviving the image: communicating the benefits of labor unions

The goal of this study is to show that unions need to communicate the purpose they serve in society to revive their tarnished image. The results show through quantitative and qualitative analysis that although some studies show the public approval rating of unions has increased, a negative image still exists. To determine the type of message the mass media is sending to the public about unions, a content analysis was performed on articles written by the Washington Post about four national strikes. Twelve individual in-depth interviews were conducted using six union and six nonunion participants to gather detailed information concerning the participants\u27 opinions, attitudes, and experiences about labor unions. A simple random sample survey was conducted. New Castle County in the state of Delaware was chosen as the sample population of 196. To determine whether to accept or reject each hypothesis for statistical significance, a binomial probability distribution was run on each survey question. Seventy-two percent of survey respondents believe that society has a negative perception of labor unions. By communicating the contributions unions make to society, the American public will understand why unions are a necessary component in our economic and social system. A well-planned marketing campaign will guide labor unions in the 21st century

The status of field implementation of clinical supervision

The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which clinical supervision is practiced in American public schools. The investigator gathered data on the form of the practice, central office support for it, principal training in clinical supervision, the purposes for which clinical supervision was used, and principal\u27s valuing of the process for improving practice. The sample of building administrators used for this study was drawn from a list of schools recognized as effective by the U.S. Department of Education from 1982-83 through 1985-86. The population consisted of 778 principals, the sample, 311; 218 principals responded to a questionnaire mailed in March and April of 1988 for a 70% response rate. Responses were received from 44 states. The data were analyzed descriptively; the two-tailed t test for independent means and the chi-square test for independence were used to determine statistical significance of differences. Descriptive analyses of the questionnaire data revealed that 46.8% of the respondents used clinical supervision as defined in the study. Ten comparisons between principals who used clinical supervision (users) and those who did not (non-users) were found to be significant (.05 level). Chi-square analyses revealed that significantly more users than non-users reported: sequential use of classroom supervisory practices; central office support for clinical supervision through expectation of regular use of clinical supervision, documentation of clinical supervision, and inservice sessions on clinical supervision for both administrators and teachers; institutionalization of clinical supervision; stronger ratings of district commitment to clinical supervision; and experiencing training exceeding a one year time period. t test analyses revealed significant differences between user and non-user group means with users showing higher or stronger mean ratings for: the assumption, data obtained from the classroom are analyzed with the teacher\u27s goals in mind; central office commitment to the practice of clinical supervision; and competence in using clinical supervision. The investigator concluded that clinical supervision was practiced widely; that central office support for the practice is important to its continued practice; and that clinical supervision is used for both formative and summative teacher evaluation

Galanin inhibits rat pancreatic amylase release via cholinergic suppression

The effects of galanin on pancreatic exocrine function were examined using rat pancreatic tissues. In anesthetized rats, galanin (40 [mu]g/kg/h) decreased amylase secretion stimulated by 2-deoxy glucose (5.8 +/- 0.1 vs. 3.1 +/- 0.1 times basal) and cholecystokinin octapeptide (21.5 +/- 0.6 vs. 16.8 +/- 0.5), while not inhibiting bethanechol-stimulated secretion. In dispersed acini, there was no effect of galanin alone (10-8 to 10-13 M) on amylase release, nor did galanin (10-6 or 10-8 M) coincubation affect amylase release stimulated by bethanechol (10-3 to 10-7 M) or CCK-8 (10-8 to 10-13 M). Using pancreatic lobules, coincubation with galanin (10-6 M) suppressed 75 mM KCl-stimulated amylase secretion and ACh release (10.1 +/- 0.6% vs. 7.3 +/- 0.4%). Veratridine-stimulated (10-4 M) amylase secretion and ACh release (12.4 +/- 1.7% vs. 8.5 +/- 0.7%) were similarly diminished.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/30085/1/0000456.pd

The Grizzly, October 30, 1990

Ursinus Honored at Governor\u27s Mansion • Sam Stretton To Speak • Glassmoyer Retires • Heefner New Board President • The Gender of Speech: A Tri-Lambda Lecture • Career Day November 6th • Forbes to Speak to Clergy • Animal Lovers Unite • Mock DWI A Hit • Student Camp Experience • David is Great!! • Presenting Protheatre: The Changeling • Crutcher Leads Team• Muhlenberg Falls • Swimmers Open Season at Relay Meet • Women Running To MAC\u27s • Men Go for MAC Title • Soccer • Letters: Keep Ursinus Clean; Quad Keys Revoked?; Signs Stolen; Security, Please Hold • Environmentally Concerned? Get Active • Bush\u27s Environmental Lip Service • This Time for Real • Nature Versus Nurture: A Step in Solving the Puzzlehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1262/thumbnail.jp

Cellular Immune Responses 6 Years Following 1, 2, or 3 Doses of Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine in Fijian Girls and Subsequent Responses to a Dose of Bivalent HPV Vaccine.

BACKGROUND: This study examined the cellular immunity of 0, 1, 2, and 3 doses of Gardasil vaccine (4vHPV) in girls after 6 years and their responses to a subsequent dose of Cervarix vaccine (2vHPV). METHODS: A subset of girls (n = 59) who previously received 0, 1, 2, or 3 doses of 4vHPV 6 years earlier were randomly selected from a cohort study of Fijian girls (age 15-19 years). Blood was collected before and 28 days after a dose of 2vHPV. The HPV16- and HPV18-specific cellular immune response was determined by IFNγ-ELISPOT and by measurement of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cell supernatants. RESULTS: Six years after 4vHPV vaccination, HPV18-specific responses were significantly lower in the 1- (1D) or 2-dose (2D) recipients compared with 3-dose recipients (2D: IFNγ-ELISPOT: P = .008; cytokines, IFNγ: P = .002; IL-2: P = .022; TNFα: P = .016; IL-10: P = .018; 1D: IL-2: P = .031; IL-10: P = .014). These differences were no longer significant post-2vHPV. No significant differences in HPV16 responses (except IL-2, P < .05) were observed between the 2- or 1-dose recipients and 3-dose recipients. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that cellular immunity following reduced-dose schedules was detectable after 6 years, although the responses were variable between HPV types and dosage groups. The clinical significance of this is unknown. Further studies on the impact of reduced dose schedules are needed, particularly in high-disease burden settings

The Grizzly, December 3, 1990

Wismer Hall to be Renovated by Next Fall • Quad Intruder Returns • Politics Honors Projects • Foreign Policy and the Press • Ursinus Offers St. Joseph\u27s Post-MBA Certificates • Dance Marathon Planned • Crazy Toys • Holiday Messages Encouraged • Exam Schedule • Mixed Up • Jane\u27s Addiction Concert Review • European Old Master Prints • At the Playhouse • Attention Skiers • Edie Brickell Reviewed • In the Spotlight • Swimmers Host Double-Header Weekend • Lady Hoopsters Shoot for Title • Are We Going to War? • Why are We Really There? • Hey! Who\u27s the New Guy? • Brain in Brief • Bonnie and SAM (not Clyde)https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1266/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, November 13, 1990

Clergy Assembly Meets Ninth Consecutive Year • Career Day: An Information Session for Students • U.S. Energy Policy Anti-American? • The Ursinus Tutoring Program • Being British Without Being English • Election Results • Students React to Reimert Security Doors • Greeks Sponsor Halloween Party • F.W. Olin Foundation • Wilk 3 Protest • The History of Olin Grant • The Changeling • INXS • Television: Whose Reality is it Anyway? • Swimmers Wash Out Washington • Cross-Country Team Pleased with Regionals • Steimy Starts Club • Men\u27s Basketball Looks for Improvement in 1991 Season • Football Finishes Season with a Loss • Letters: No Defense for Personal Abuse; Zeta Chi Missed the Point! • Uncle Sam Wants Everyone • Pre-Med Prognosis Improving • Ursinus Grad in Sticky Situation • Brownback-Anders Meetinghttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1264/thumbnail.jp

Global patterns in monthly activity of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and metapneumovirus: a systematic analysis

Background: Influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and metapneumovirus are the most common viruses associated with acute lower respiratory infections in young children (<5 years) and older people (≥65 years). A global report of the monthly activity of these viruses is needed to inform public health strategies and programmes for their control. Methods: In this systematic analysis, we compiled data from a systematic literature review of studies published between Jan 1, 2000, and Dec 31, 2017; online datasets; and unpublished research data. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported laboratory-confirmed incidence data of human infection of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, or metapneumovirus, or a combination of these, for at least 12 consecutive months (or 52 weeks equivalent); stable testing practice throughout all years reported; virus results among residents in well-defined geographical locations; and aggregated virus results at least on a monthly basis. Data were extracted through a three-stage process, from which we calculated monthly annual average percentage (AAP) as the relative strength of virus activity. We defined duration of epidemics as the minimum number of months to account for 75% of annual positive samples, with each component month defined as an epidemic month. Furthermore, we modelled monthly AAP of influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus using site-specific temperature and relative humidity for the prediction of local average epidemic months. We also predicted global epidemic months of influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus on a 5° by 5° grid. The systematic review in this study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018091628. Findings: We initally identified 37 335 eligible studies. Of 21 065 studies remaining after exclusion of duplicates, 1081 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 185 were identified as eligible. We included 246 sites for influenza virus, 183 sites for respiratory syncytial virus, 83 sites for parainfluenza virus, and 65 sites for metapneumovirus. Influenza virus had clear seasonal epidemics in winter months in most temperate sites but timing of epidemics was more variable and less seasonal with decreasing distance from the equator. Unlike influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus had clear seasonal epidemics in both temperate and tropical regions, starting in late summer months in the tropics of each hemisphere, reaching most temperate sites in winter months. In most temperate sites, influenza virus epidemics occurred later than respiratory syncytial virus (by 0·3 months [95% CI −0·3 to 0·9]) while no clear temporal order was observed in the tropics. Parainfluenza virus epidemics were found mostly in spring and early summer months in each hemisphere. Metapneumovirus epidemics occurred in late winter and spring in most temperate sites but the timing of epidemics was more diverse in the tropics. Influenza virus epidemics had shorter duration (3·8 months [3·6 to 4·0]) in temperate sites and longer duration (5·2 months [4·9 to 5·5]) in the tropics. Duration of epidemics was similar across all sites for respiratory syncytial virus (4·6 months [4·3 to 4·8]), as it was for metapneumovirus (4·8 months [4·4 to 5·1]). By comparison, parainfluenza virus had longer duration of epidemics (6·3 months [6·0 to 6·7]). Our model had good predictability in the average epidemic months of influenza virus in temperate regions and respiratory syncytial virus in both temperate and tropical regions. Through leave-one-out cross validation, the overall prediction error in the onset of epidemics was within 1 month (influenza virus −0·2 months [−0·6 to 0·1]; respiratory syncytial virus 0·1 months [−0·2 to 0·4]). Interpretation: This study is the first to provide global representations of month-by-month activity of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and metapneumovirus. Our model is helpful in predicting the local onset month of influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus epidemics. The seasonality information has important implications for health services planning, the timing of respiratory syncytial virus passive prophylaxis, and the strategy of influenza virus and future respiratory syncytial virus vaccination. Funding: European Union Innovative Medicines Initiative Respiratory Syncytial Virus Consortium in Europe (RESCEU)

Objective and subjective scar aesthetics with topical Manuka honey post-thyroidectomy: A randomized control study

Objective: Leptospermum Honey (Manuka honey) has proven to be effective in improving acute and chronic wound healing presumably due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim is to determine if Manuka honey decreases scar formation and results in a cosmetically appealing scar. Methods: A prospective single-blinded randomized control trial was performed. All patients received an 8 cm incision. Patients randomized to honey treatment were instructed to apply Manuka honey paste topically to the incision site once per day post surgery for 4 weeks. The patients' scar was then analyzed objectively by a blinded observer and subjectively at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. The primary outcome measure used was the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS). Results: A total of 21 patients completed the entire scar analysis (honey treatment = 9, standard treatment = 12). There was no statistically significant difference between patient scar assessment scale and observer scar assessment scale at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Conclusion: Despite Leptospermum Honey's reported anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, this study did not show a difference in scar appearance when applied. Keywords: Thyroid, Thyroidectomy, Scar, Aesthetics, Honey, Topical, Wound healing, Naturopathi