Anisotropy of thermal fatigue properties of cold-rolled TiNi sheet

The texture of cold-rolled and heat-treated TiNi sheet has been measured and designated as {110}(110)p. This material has been used in thermal fatigue tests during and after which the anisotropy and development of several thermomechanical properties, such as transformation temperatures and strains, have been measured. Furthermore, the resulting changes of texture after thermal fatigue are presented. The observed effects are explained on the basis of the parent texture and the specific martensite variants that are formed according to the lattice correspondence between austenite (P) and martensite (M)

Texture development and transformation strain of a cold-rolled Ti50-Ni45-Cu5 alloy

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are finding increased use as functional materials in the aerospace, energy and medical industries 1 J. van Humbeeck, Shape Memory Materials and Phenomena—Fundamental Aspects and Applications, p. 3771, vol. 246, MRS, Pittsburgh, PA (1992).(1), (2) and (3). Shape memory behaviour is based on the recovery of large amounts of induced strain upon heating and/or unloading. This transformation strain is a result of the reversible growth of certain favoured martensite variants during martensite transformation and/or stressing [4] and [5]. For single crystal SMAs, the favoured variants are those which result in the maximum transformation strain for a specific orientation. This has been well established for several common single crystal SMAs such as TiNi, CuZnAl and CuAlNi [4] and [6].\ud \ud For polycrystalline SMAs, it is not clear which variants are favoured. Anisotropic behaviour in SMAs has been interpreted based on the anisotropy data of single crystal materials using the concept of the selection of favoured martensite variants. This has met with only limited success in work on NiTi alloys due to the lack of information about which variants are formed [7] and [8]. An investigation of the anisotropic behaviour of textured SMAs was thus conducted in order to determine which martensite variants develop during thermal cycling of a commercial TiNiCu SMA. The relationship between the observed variant development, changes in texture and anisotropic shape memory behaviour are discussed in light of models using the concept of favoured martensite variants

Designing the city as a place or product? How space is marginalised in the smart city

The volume explores the question of what it means for a city to be 'smart', raises some of the tensions emerging in smart city developments, and considers the implications for future ways of inhabiting and understanding the urban condition ..

How robust is the language architecture? The case of mood

In neurocognitive research on language, the processing principles of the system at hand are usually assumed to be relatively invariant. However, research on attention, memory, decision-making, and social judgment has shown that mood can substantially modulate how the brain processes information. For example, in a bad mood, people typically have a narrower focus of attention and rely less on heuristics. In the face of such pervasive mood effects elsewhere in the brain, it seems unlikely that language processing would remain untouched. In an EEG experiment, we manipulated the mood of participants just before they read texts that confirmed or disconfirmed verb-based expectations about who would be talked about next (e.g., that “David praised Linda because … ” would continue about Linda, not David), or that respected or violated a syntactic agreement rule (e.g., “The boys turns”). ERPs showed that mood had little effect on syntactic parsing, but did substantially affect referential anticipation: whereas readers anticipated information about a specific person when they were in a good mood, a bad mood completely abolished such anticipation. A behavioral follow-up experiment suggested that a bad mood did not interfere with verb-based expectations per se, but prevented readers from using that information rapidly enough to predict upcoming reference on the fly, as the sentence unfolds. In all, our results reveal that background mood, a rather unobtrusive affective state, selectively changes a crucial aspect of real-time language processing. This observation fits well with other observed interactions between language processing and affect (emotions, preferences, attitudes, mood), and more generally testifies to the importance of studying “cold” cognitive functions in relation to “hot” aspects of the brain

Calcium phosphate:An alternative calcium compound for dietary prevention of colon cancer? a study on intestinal and faecal parameters in healthy volunteers

In an effort to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer development, oral calcium carbonate supplementation has been used in previous studies for the precipitation of cytotoxic bile acids and fatty acids. In human intervention trials its effect on mucosal hyperproliferation in the colorectum has not always been satisfactory. Because the complexation of calcium and bile acids requires the formation of calcium phosphate, we performed an intervention study in 14 healthy volunteers, giving them 1,500 mg calcium as Ca3(PO4)2 for 1 week. The effects of tricalcium phosphate on luminal and faecal parameters of cytolytic activity were evaluated before, during, and after calcium phosphate supplementation. The cytolytic activity of faecal water and intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity in faecal water were not affected by supplemental calcium phosphate. In duodenal bile, the proportion of cholic acid tended to increase, whereas that of chenodeoxycholic acid tended to decrease during calcium phosphate supplementation. Neither concentrations of total and individual faecal bile acids, nor that of faecal fat were affected during calcium phosphate supplementation. It is suggested that, although phosphate is involved in bile acid precipitation, phosphate competes for calcium in the binding of fatty acids. This might possibly explain the unchanged cytolytic potency of faecal water, and therefore does not make tricalcium phosphate a suitable calcium compound for dietary intervention.</p

Горшкоподібний посуд: етнокультурні взаємовпливи

The article brings complex comparative analitical study in Ukrainian and foreign types of pottery kitchenware with throwing light upon common and different features in forms and decorations of artefacts as well as with definitions of most characteristic notions that underline originality and nature of Ukrainian ceramics in the context of All-European culture

Emoto - visualising the online response to London 2012.

In recent years we have moved from data scarcity to data abundance. As a response, a variety of methods have been adopted in art, design, business, science and government to understand and communicate meaning in data through visual form. emoto (emoto2012.org) is one such project, it visualised the online audience response to a major global event, the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. emoto set out to both give expression to and augment online social phenomena, that are emergent and only recently made possible by access to huge real-time data streams. This report charts the development and release of the project, and positions it in relation to current debates on data and visualisation, for example, around the bias and accessibility of the data, and how knowledge practices are changing in an era of so-called 'big data.

The 'reach' of Digital Language Archives: towards criteria for evaluation

Over the last decade, and with the help of digital media and technologies, archives (with the focus here on archives for endangered and minority languages) have extended their focus from preservation to also becoming facilities for dissemination. Their innovations have largely been on ‘discovery’: firstly by encouraging digitisation and inclusion of analogue and obscure materials, and by partnership with funding institutions to support the creation of new, ‘born digital’ language resources; and secondly through online provision of language resources via web catalogues driven by standardised metadata and in some cases providing enhanced discovery through web portals aggregating the holdings of multiple archives. These advances have increased the visibility, relevance and authority of archives for language-related disciplines and for language-speaker communities. This paper considers a broader set of parameters describing the ‘reach’ of archives, where ‘reach’ includes (a) archives’ understanding of their key audiences in order to provide appropriate services for them, e.g. identifying a range of relevant audiences, their languages of access, their varied technological and information literacies, interface design and usability; (b) discovery, drawing on the understandings of audiences in order to help them browse, navigate, search, identify and select their items of interest; (c) delivery, i.e. making available selected resources according to users’ preferences whether by download, view-in-browser, through apps or other means; (d) access management such that resource delivery follows depositors’ and communities’ preferences, and where users have ways of applying for and negotiating for access; (e) information accessibility, where the actual desired content is accessible to users, whether in terms of contextualisation or appropriate complexity, language, or modality; and finally (f) feedback channels, where users can utilise the archive to provide feedback to depositors or to enhance deposits with user-generated content. Through considering how a number of archives are providing such services, we can see their transition from repositories of memory to facilities for fostering participation and understanding