Multimodality in Audio-Verbo-Visual Translation

Until the end of the 20th century, a part of applied linguistics, translation still focuses primarily on verbal rendering. Language elements are explored extensively in translationstudies.Theexplorationsincludeconceptsofequivalence,shift,modulation, and untranslatability. That texts are not only in the form of verbal languages but also audio, visual, gestural, and digital ones has triggered translation studies to explain phenomenaarisingfromtherenderingofintersemiotictexts.Thisstudyaimstoexplain the application of multimodality in the translation of verbo-visual text including the degree of accuracy, naturalness, and acceptability of Indonesian texts translated from English. The object of this study is English Audio-verbo-visual texts and their translationsinIndonesian.Thetypesoftextsinquestionincludevarioustextualgenres commonly existing in dubbing, subtitling, comic and comic rendering. The data for this study were obtained through documentatary studies and were analyzed using the conceptofphenomenology.Theresultsofthisstudyindicatethateachtexttypehasits owncharacteristicssothatintersemiotictranslationcanbedifferentfromonerendering to another. The multimodality of translation may bridge the transfer of meaning in intersemiotic rendering, especially from English to Indonesian.     Keywords: intersemiotic translation; multimodality; verbo-visual rendering

TEKNIK APROKSIMASI DALAM PERESTRUKTURAN KLAUSA EKSISTENSIAL: KASUS PENGINDONESIAAN NOVEL SERIAL HARRY POTTER KARYA J.K. ROWLING

This study aims to explain the implementation of approximation technique in clause restructuring to produce a target language text, which is functionally equivalent with its source language counterpart. It is deliberately designed to analyze existential clauses contained in an English novel along with its Indonesian translation. Four basic steps, which has been taken to process the data, are (1) data reduction, (2) data display, (3) data analysis, and (4) inference. It is revealed that a number of restructuring phases are employed to achieve functional equivalence. These phases are taken due to the fact that the basic elements of existential clauses in English do not have any one-to-one formal correspondence with their counterpart in Indonesian. Through approximation technique, existential clauses are then restructured according to their communicative or interactive functions. Clauses, which refers to existence, are restructured to form clauses on "being", while those, which refers to events, are restructured according to their types or categories

THE VERBAL POLITENESS OF INTERPERSONAL UTTERANCES RESULTED FROM BACK-TRANSLATING INDONESIAN TEXTS INTO ENGLISH

Verbal politeness can be considered from the perspectives of linguistic features, participants’ socio-cultural background and their membership within a speech community. It can also be viewed from the ways to which it applies in interpersonal utterances, be they source or target ones. It may also be taken into account from its users’ perception as well their maintenance in real communication. This paper aimed to explore (1) the degree of the verbal politeness contained in English interpersonal utterances, (2) the correlation of politeness degrees between the English utterances as the source texts and their back-translations, (3) the speakers’ perception of the politeness degrees contained in the two sets of utterances, and (4) the ways of maintaining them. The object of this study was verbal (im)-politeness contained in English interpersonal utterances which were back-rendered from translated texts in Indonesian. In order to elicit the type of utterances from the subject of this study, the Indonesian utterances were exposed to them to be translated back to English. Comparing the source texts with results of their back-rendering, this study was capable of fulfilling the outlined objectives. The results of this study show that (1) the politeness degrees of interpersonal utterances in the source language were generally equivalent to their counterparts in the target language; (2) there was a positive correlation between the English utterances and their back-translations; (3) the politeness degrees of the utterances in both the source texts and their back-translations were perceived to be relatively polite; (4) the politeness degrees of interpersonal utterances in the target language have been maintained by using grammatical features and rhetoric which were more formal than those available in the source texts

Teknik Aproksimasi dalam Perestrukturan Klausa Eksistensial: Kasus Pengindonesiaan Novel Serial Harry Potter Karya J.k. Rowling

This study aims to explain the implementation of approximation technique in clause restructuring to produce a target language text, which is functionally equivalent with its source language counterpart. It is deliberately designed to analyze existential clauses contained in an English novel along with its Indonesian translation. Four basic steps, which has been taken to process the data, are (1) data reduction, (2) data display, (3) data analysis, and (4) inference. It is revealed that a number of restructuring phases are employed to achieve functional equivalence. These phases are taken due to the fact that the basic elements of existential clauses in English do not have any one-to-one formal correspondence with their counterpart in Indonesian. Through approximation technique, existential clauses are then restructured according to their communicative or interactive functions. Clauses, which refers to existence, are restructured to form clauses on "being", while those, which refers to events, are restructured according to their types or categories

Multimodality in Audio-Verbo-Visual Translation

Until the end of the 20th century, a part of applied linguistics, translation still focuses primarily on verbal rendering. Language elements are explored extensively in translationstudies.Theexplorationsincludeconceptsofequivalence,shift,modulation, and untranslatability. That texts are not only in the form of verbal languages but also audio, visual, gestural, and digital ones has triggered translation studies to explain phenomenaarisingfromtherenderingofintersemiotictexts.Thisstudyaimstoexplain the application of multimodality in the translation of verbo-visual text including the degree of accuracy, naturalness, and acceptability of Indonesian texts translated from English. The object of this study is English Audio-verbo-visual texts and their translationsinIndonesian.Thetypesoftextsinquestionincludevarioustextualgenres commonly existing in dubbing, subtitling, comic and comic rendering. The data for this study were obtained through documentatary studies and were analyzed using the conceptofphenomenology.Theresultsofthisstudyindicatethateachtexttypehasits owncharacteristicssothatintersemiotictranslationcanbedifferentfromonerendering to another. The multimodality of translation may bridge the transfer of meaning in intersemiotic rendering, especially from English to Indonesian.     Keywords: intersemiotic translation; multimodality; verbo-visual rendering