“Impact of Mild Level Exercises on Gait, Balance, Functional Status to Prevent Fall Among Elderly In Selected Areas of Belagavi District, Karnataka – A Study Protocol”

Context: Falls, a frequent and preventable cause of morbidity, raise the likelihood of functional independence loss and the requirement for hospitalization and institutionalization, placing a strain on the healthcare system. The annual expenses for acute care linked to fractures from falls are estimated at $10 billion, despite the fact that the entire expenditures for acute care connected to falls remain unclear. Aims: To administer the mild level exercise programme of elderly among experimental group and to determine the effect of mild level exercise program on improvement of gait, balance and functional status of elderly among experimental group. Settings and Design: The samples from the selected rural areas of Belagavi district were selected using convenient sampling technique. A quantitative approach with post test only control group design was adopted for the study. Subjects and Methods: Elderly above the age of 60 years of selected rural areas of gokak taluka belagavi district and total 250 samples selected by using convenient sampling technique and my research approach is Quantitative Research Approach, Research deign is Post test only control group design and Sampling technique is Non-Probability; Convenient Sampling Technique respectively. Conclusions: The mild level exercise program was very much effective and the elders had great interest to learn and to do the exercises to improve their gait, balance, functional and to reduce the incidence of fall.  Continuing nursing education programs can be conducted in hospitals and community regarding the importance of low intensity exercise program in improving gait, balance, functional status and in reducing the incidence of falls in the elderly people. &nbsp

Insilico Drug Prediction and Validation of Lead candidates on Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1(pfEMP1) against Malaria

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by protozoan of the genus Plasmodium. It is transmitted by bite from infected female Anopheles mosquito. Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEmp1), an antigen that is responsible for the immune evasion of the protozoan. This protein has adhesive properties that cause the infected erythrocytes to bind to the endothelial lining of the blood vessel, thus preventing the infected cells from getting filtered by the spleen. It is found that there is an interaction between the sulphate ion on the endothelial cells and NH1, NH2 of Arg 1467 (A), NZ of Lys 1324 (A) and two bonds with N of Gly 1329 (A) on the protein. Inhibiting this interaction may prevent the evasive action. A Ligand with SO4 interactive region can be used to achieve this. Computer aided drug designing techniques were used to find a new scaffold to solve the purpose. GROMACS was used to simulate the protein-Ligand interaction. It was observed that ZINC17206599 shows the best interaction and may prove to be a promising candidate drug for Malaria. 

Smart Environment Monitoring System Using Wired and Wireless Network: A Comparative Study

This chapter focuses on the implementation of a smart environment monitoring system using wired and wireless sensor networks (WSN). The goal was to develop a LabVIEW based system to monitor environmental parameters that provide inaccessible, real-time monitoring. The development of portable and efficient environment monitoring system based on LabVIEW GUI that monitors various environmental parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, Air quality and light intensity was developed. This chapter targets on both wired and wireless approach for environment monitoring. The limitations of wired network were explained by flourishing the portable system. For proceedings with the impediment and insufficiency of wired network, Arduino augmentation ascendancy, are mingled with XBee wireless sensor network. The data from the environment was sent to the sink node wirelessly through mote. Monitoring of the data was done in a personal computer (PC) through a graphical user interface made by LabVIEW. The pertinent sensor for each was connected to analog input of Arduino UNO and their values are displayed on front panel of LabVIEW. LabVIEW run time engine makes the system cost effective and facile. To reveal the effectiveness of the system, some measurement results are also predicted in this chapter

Impact of Mild Level Exercise Program on Incidence of Falls, Gait and Balance Among Elderly People at Selected Rural Areas of Belagavi District.

Context: Exercises that are low-intensity can aid with balance and gait. Regular low-intensity exercise is a beneficial substitute for treating balance and gait issues brought on by ageing. Objective: To assess incidence of falls, gait and balance of elderly people before and after low intensity exercise program and to assess effectiveness of low intensity exercise program on incidence of falls, gait and balance of elderly people. Setting and design: The study was conducted in selected rural areas of Belgaum district and pre experimental one group pretest post test study design was used. Materials and Methods: Population was comprised of elderly people aged 60 years and above. The sample size was 30 and non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples. Berg balance scale and Performance oriented mobility assessment scale for gait was used to assess gait and balance.. Statistical Analysis used:Descriptiveand inferential statistics were used with the helpof SPSSversion 20. Results: In pretest12 (40%) of elders had incidence of fall during the one month prior to pre test and is reduced in post test as 7(23.3%) were had incidence of fall after one month to interventional program. The obtained value of ‘ t’ (29) = 6.97 for gait and ‘ t’ (29) = 2.65 for balance are found significant at 0.05 level of significance, indicating that the low intensity exercise program has helped elderly to improve their gait and balance. Conclusions: Low intensity exercise program helped elderly people to improve their gait and balance. So, such programs need to be implemented in community area to prevent incidence of fall and improve gait and balance among the elderly population

In-vitro Bioevaluation, Pharmacokinetics and Molecular Docking Study of unexplored Bisabolol-rich Curcuma inodora Blatt. essential oil from Konkan region: A biodiversity hotspot

Curcuma inodora Blatt., belonging to the Zingiberaceae family is an endemic species from peninsular India. The extraction and some of the biological applications of leaves essential oil of this species had been reported from South India. Although the Konkan region is a biodiversity hotspot, no report on the medicinal applications of essential oils in this species is available to date. Herein, the ?–Bisabolol-rich rhizome essential oil from wild C. inodora was isolated by the hydrodistillation method and characterized by Gas Chromatography-Flame ionization detector (GC/ GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography High-resolution mass spectrometry (GC/HRMS) techniques for pharmacokinetics and molecular docking applications. The Hydrodistillation extract (HDREO) constituted 11 components with a major constituent, ?- Bisabolol (62.13%). In-vitro anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential of rhizome oils were carried out. The pharmacokinetics of the major component, ?-Bisabolol, like high GI absorption, zero Lipinski violation with good bioavailability score, etc. support its candidacy as a drug. Further, docking was performed with the principal component ?- Bisabolol. The least binding energy conformation of ?–Bisabolol with anti-bacterial (3WGN.pdb), anti-fungal (1IYL.pdb), anti-oxidant (3MNG.pdb) and anti-inflammatory (1CX2.pdb) proteins were reported to be -7.01 kcal/mol, -8.15 kcal/mol, -7.82 kcal/mol, and –7.71 kcal/mol respectively. This shows, the significant binding affinity of ?–Bisabolol with proteins. So, the rhizome oil of this unexplored species can be utilized in developing novel phytopharmaceuticals and medicines after further study. To the best, this is a foremost report on the rhizome essential oil isolation by hydrodistillation method, its characterization, and its bio-evaluation with pharmacokinetics and docking applications of this species

ANTIMIGRAINE ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ABROMA AUGUSTA L. IN LABORATORY ANIMALS

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate of antimigraine activity of methanolic extract of Abroma augusta L. leaves in laboratory animals. Methods: The antimigraine activity was evaluated against nitroglycerine (NTG, 10 mg·kg−1, i. p.) and bradykinin (BK, 10 µg, intra-arterial) induced hyperalgesia in rats. Rats were divided randomly into six groups: normal, control, standard (sumatriptan, 42 mg·kg−1, s. c.), and Abroma augusta L. (100,200 and 400 mg·kg−1, p. o.). In the nitroglycerin (NTG) induced hyperalgesia model, rats were pre-treated with standard drug sumatriptan and Abroma augusta L. for 0, 7 and 14 d and tail flick latency were recorded separately in 0-day, 7-day and 14-day pretreatment study. Brain serotonin concentration was also estimated by HPLC method at the end of the study. In bradykinin induced hyperalgesia model the number of vocalizations were recorded as a measure of hyperalgesia in rats. Results: Abroma augusta L. showed a significant (P<0.001) elevation in the tail-flick latency (at dose 400 mg·kg−1) and body weight (at doses 100, 200, and 400 mg·kg−1) in NTG-induced hyperalgesia model in rats. Further, A. augusta L. (400 mg/kg) showed a significant (P<0.001) increase in brain serotonin concentration compared to NTG control group animal. It showed a significant (P<0.01, P<0.001) reduction in the elevated number of vocalizations at doses (200 and 400 mg·kg−1) in the bradykinin-induced hyperalgesia model in rats. Conclusion: We concluded that the methanolic extract of Aroma augusta L. possessed an anti-migraine effect in nitroglycerine and bradykinin-induced hyperalgesia model in rats

Effective Feature Selection Methods for User Sentiment Analysis using Machine Learning

Text classification is the method of allocating a particular piece of text to one or more of a number of predetermined categories or labels. This is done by training a machine learning model on a labeled dataset, where the texts and their corresponding labels are provided. The model then learns to predict the labels of new, unseen texts. Feature selection is a significant step in text classification as it helps to identify the most relevant features or words in the text that are useful for predicting the label. This can include things like specific keywords or phrases, or even the frequency or placement of certain words in the text. The performance of the model can be improved by focusing on the features that are most important to the information that is most likely to be useful for classification. Additionally, feature selection can also help to reduce the dimensionality of the dataset, making the model more efficient and easier to interpret. A method for extracting aspect terms from product reviews is presented in the research paper. This method makes use of the Gini index, information gain, and feature selection in conjunction with the Machine learning classifiers. In the proposed method, which is referred to as wRMR, the Gini index and information gain are utilized for feature selection. Following that, machine learning classifiers are utilized in order to extract aspect terms from product reviews. A set of customer testimonials is used to assess how well the projected method works, and the findings indicate that in terms of the extraction of aspect terms, the method that has been proposed is superior to the method that has been traditionally used. In addition, the recommended approach is contrasted with methods that are currently thought of as being state-of-the-art, and the comparison reveals that the proposed method achieves superior performance compared to the other methods. In general, the method that was presented provides a promising solution for the extraction of aspect terms, and it can also be utilized for other natural language processing tasks

Influence of Eclipta alba on serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity in rabbits

Background: Paracetamol is a recognized antipyretic, analgesic drug which produces hepatic necrosis in high doses. Eclipta alba elaborates a vast array of biologically active compounds that are chemically diverse and structurally complex.Methods: Randomized open controlled experimental study Estimated levels of Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Hepatoprotective action of in High doses of Paracetamol on serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity.Results: ALT in all the groups including Control group (A) was (51.8±4.56IU/L). Paracetamol treated group (B) the ALT level increased at 48 hours and continued to be high up to 60 days (136.4±20.73IU/L) then decreased to (113.7±11.35IU/L) at 90 days. AST in all the groups including Control group (A) was (22.5±1.23IU/L). Appropriate antioxidant in appropriate doses as a matter of routine whenever hepatotoxic or potentially hepatotoxic drugs are prescribed. In Paracetamol treated group (B) the AST level increased at 48 hours and continued to be high up to 60 days (99.4±9.73IU/L) then decreased to (85.4±7.39IU/L) at 90 days.Conclusions: Appropriate antioxidant in appropriate doses as a matter of routine whenever hepatotoxic or potentially hepatotoxic drugs are prescribed

HPTLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR DENSITOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CARBOCISTEINE IN DRUG FORMULATION

Objective: Development of a simple, selective, precise, high-performance thin layer chromatographic method for the analysis of carbocisteine, mucolytic drug in pharmaceutical dosage form. Methods: The proposed HPTLC method employed TLC aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60F-254 as the stationary phase. The solvent system consisted of butanol: water: ethanol: acetic acid (5:1.5:2:1.5 v/v/v/v). This system was found to give compact spots for carbocisteine with Rf value of 0.34. Results: The reported method is linear over the range of 50-800 ng/spot with a coefficient of correlation 0.9992. The precision study revealed that the percentage relative standard deviation was within the acceptable limit. The developed method was validated according to ICH Guidelines. Conclusion: An economical, accurate, sensitive and precise HPTLC method was developed and fully validated for quality control analysis of carbocisteine in tablets. The developed method was validated with respect to specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, linearity, accuracy and robustness. Validation results were found to be satisfactory. The proposed method can be used for routine analysis of carbocisteine in quality control laboratories

Paradigm shift in drug re-purposing from Phenalenone to Phenaleno-Furanone to combat multi-drug resistant Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi

Over recent years, typhoid fever has gained increasing attention with several cases reporting treatment failure due to multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. While new drug development strategies are being devised to combat the threat posed by these MDR pathogens, drug repurposing or repositioning has become a good alternative. The latter is considered mainly due to its capacity for saving sufficient time and effort for pre-clinical and optimization studies. Owing to the possibility of an unsuccessful repositioning, due to the mismatch in the optimization of the drug ligand for the changed biochemical properties of “old” and “new” targets, we have chosen a “targeted” approach of adopting a combined chemical moiety-based drug repurposing. Using small molecules selected from a combination of earlier approved drugs having phenalenone and furanone moieties, we have computationally delineated a step-wise approach to drug design against MDR Salmonella. We utilized our network analysisbased pre-identified, essential chaperone protein, SicA, which regulates the folding and quality of several secretory proteins including the Hsp70 chaperone, SigE. To this end, another crucial chaperone protein, Hsp70 DnaK, was also considered due to its importance for pathogen survival under the stress conditions typically encountered during antibiotic therapies. These were docked with the 19 marketed anti-typhoid drugs along with two phenalenone-furanone derivatives, 15 non-related drugs which showed 70% similarity to phenalenone and furanone derivatives and other analogous small molecules. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation studies were performed to check the stability of the protein-drug complexes. Our results showed the best binding interaction and stability, under the parameters of a virtual human body environment, with XR770, a phenaleno-furanone moiety based derivative. We therefore propose XR770, for repurposing for therapeutic intervention against emerging and significant drug resistance conferred by pathogenic Salmonella strains