Fasilitasi Pembelajaran Usaha Ternak Kelinci dalam Rangka Penciptaan Wirausahawan Baru di Bidang Pertanian

Usaha ternak kelinci di Indonesia sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan, khususnya di wilayah perdesaan. Di sisi lain, saat ini pemerintah sedang menggalakkan program penciptaan wirausahawan baru. Untuk itu, diperlukan kegiatan untuk mendukung program tersebut, yaitu kegiatan fasilitasi pembelajaran usaha ternak kelinci bagi calon wirausahawan muda dari kalangan alumni perguruan tinggi. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini menerapkan metode sosialisasi observasional. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini memberikan manfaat yang besar, baik bagi bagi P4S Wira Tani, pemerintah dan masyarakat

Redistributive Effects of Fiscal Policy across the Income Groups in the Urban-Rural Areas of Pakistan

There exist a large number of studies related to the estimates of government budgetary redistributive effects and its related problems with regard to different countries of the world.1 Studies of the impacts of government expenditures and taxes in Pakistan have been conducted within the framework of either incidence of taxes or the impact of expenditures across the income groups. The studies carried out by Azfar (1972); Jeetun (1978); Alauddin and Raza (1981) Malik and Saqib (1985, 1989) cover different aspects of taxation—tax incidence, progressivity or regressivity of the tax system across the income groups/individuals and regions. These studies did not discuss the expenditure side of the budget. Shirazi (1996) analysed the impact of government transfer programmes (Zakat and Ushr) across the income deciles. Ghaus (1989) studied the incidence of provincial and municipal government service-related expenditure benefits in Karachi metropolitan and therefore, the scope of her study was limited to one city only. Despite the existence of a rich bibliography on the subject of government redistrbutive budgetary effects and its related problems, no study is available which covers the overall redistributive impacts of government budgetary policy in Pakistan. This study explores the impacts of government expenditures and taxes on the distribution of income across various income groups along with net fiscal impacts in the urban-rural areas of Pakistan. The rest of our study is organised as follows. In the following section, Part II, we describe the methodology and data set. In Part III, the results of the study are presented. The Part IV concludes the paper.

Distribution and Indexation of Plant Available Nutrients of Soils in the District Bahawalpur, Pakistan

A total of 2600 soil samples collected from all tehsils of Bahawalpur district (590 samples from tehsil Bahawalpur, 227 samples from Khair Pur Tamewali, 594 samples from Ahmed Pur East, 439 samples from Hasilpur and 750 soil samples from Yazman) were tested in Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Bahawalpur, Pakistan during 2011-2013. Soil characteristics of Bahawalpur district were evaluated through physical and chemical analyses. Representative soil samples received/collected from farmers fields were analyzed for texture, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, organic matter (OM), available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents. Texture of the soils varied from sandy loam to loam. About 75% soils had EC values within the normal range (< 4 dS m-1). The pH values of 94% soils ranged from 7.5 to 8.5 with an average of 8.09 and 5% soils had pH > 8.5. About 96% soils were poor (< 0.86%) in organic matter and only 4% samples had satisfactory level of organic matter (0.86-1.29%). About 63% soils were poor(< 7 ppm) in available phosphorus, 30 % samples had satisfactory level of available phosphorus (7-14 ppm) and only 7% samples had adequate level of available phosphorus (>14 ppm) contents. The K status of most of soils was in satisfactory (63%) and adequate range (23%). The nutrient index values of Bahawalpur soils in respect of SOM and P were poor, whereas satisfactory for potassium. Depending upon the soil analysis, farmers were guided and fertilizer recommendations were served according to crop, soil and water/rainfall conditions for harvesting higher yield of different crops. Keywords: Soil Analysis, EC, pH, SOM, P, K, Bahawalpur, Nutrient inde

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Impregnated Citronella Biomass Using Boric Acid to Produce Furfural

Citronella oil residue is one of the abundant lignocellulosic biomass wastes which has the potential to be converted into useful products through pyrolysis process. One of the useful products that can be produced from this residue is furfural compounds. Previous research has shown that furfural can be produced through the pyrolysis mechanism of lignocellulosic biomass. However, the amount of furfural compounds obtained is still relatively low. Therefore, in this study a research is carried out regarding catalytic pyrolysis process through impregnation method of biomass using boric acid as catalyst to produce furfural compounds with variation of catalyst ratio (0, 0.1, 0.3) and pyrolysis temperature (450 oC, 500 oC, 550 oC) to determine the optimal conditions for furfural production. Using GC-MS analysis, results were obtained which indicated the role of boric acid impregnation in increasing and maximizing the yield of furfural products. The optimal conditions for furfural production were obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 550 oC and the use of a boric acid catalyst with a ratio of 0.1, whereby the yield of furfural compounds by GCMS analysis was 19.17% area

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Impregnated Citronella Biomass Using Boric Acid to Produce Furfural

Citronella oil residue is one of the abundant lignocellulosic biomass wastes which has the potential to be converted into useful products through pyrolysis process. One of the useful products that can be produced from this residue is furfural compounds. Previous research has shown that furfural can be produced through the pyrolysis mechanism of lignocellulosic biomass. However, the amount of furfural compounds obtained is still relatively low. Therefore, in this study a research is carried out regarding catalytic pyrolysis process through impregnation method of biomass using boric acid as catalyst to produce furfural compounds with variation of catalyst ratio (0, 0.1, 0.3) and pyrolysis temperature (450 oC, 500 oC, 550 oC) to determine the optimal conditions for furfural production. Using GC-MS analysis, results were obtained which indicated the role of boric acid impregnation in increasing and maximizing the yield of furfural products. The optimal conditions for furfural production were obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 550 oC and the use of a boric acid catalyst with a ratio of 0.1, whereby the yield of furfural compounds by GCMS analysis was 19.17% area

Microbial β-Glucosidases: screening, characterization, cloning and applications

Cellulose is the most abundant biomaterial in the biosphere and the major component of plant biomass. Cellulase is an enzymatic system required for conversion of renewable cellulose biomass into free sugar for subsequent use in different applications. Cellulase system mainly consists of three individual enzymes namely: endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidases. β-Glucosidases are ubiquitous enzymes found in all living organisms with great biological significance. β-Glucosidases have also tremendous biotechnological applications such as biofuel production, beverage industry, food industry, cassava detoxification and oligosaccharides synthesis. Microbial β-glucosidases are preferred for industrial uses because of robust activity and novel properties exhibited by them. This review aims at describing the various biochemical methods used for screening and evaluating β-glucosidases activity from microbial sources. Subsequently, it generally highlights techniques used for purification of β-glucosidases. It then elaborates various biochemical and molecular properties of this valuable enzyme such as pH and temperature optima, glucose tolerance, substrate specificity, molecular weight, and multiplicity. Furthermore, it describes molecular cloning and expression of bacterial, fungal and metagenomic β-glucosidases. Finally, it highlights the potential biotechnological applications of β-glucosidases

PENGARUH BIAYA OPERASIONAL DAN PENJUALAN TERHADAP LABA BERSIH PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SEKTOR ANEKA INDUSTRI YANG TERCATAT DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2012-2018

ABSTRACK This study aims to determine the effect of operating costs and sales partially or simultaneously on net income. The problem that occurs in this study is the fluctuating net profit in various industrial sector manufacturing companies which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2012-2018. The method of analysis in this study uses multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS 21 software. The results of the regression analysis test show that operating costs partially have a significant negative effect on net income, sales partially affect net income, while simultaneously operating costs and sales have a significant effect. against net income. To test the coefficient of determination or R2, the result is 0.346 or 34.6% of net income is influenced by these two variables. As for the remaining 65.4% which is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.   Keywords: Operational Costs, Sales and Net Profit

Reclaiming Identity: Women, Social Exclusion, and Resistance in Bumi Manusia

This paper aims to unveil the gender-based prejudice and the colonial state's policies that systematically exclude Native women by considering Pramoedya A. Toer's Bumi Manusia. It focuses on how women are excluded from useful social life participation and resist such unfair treatment to reclaim their own identity. A close textual analysis with postcolonial and feminist discourses was used in this literary study to interpret particular feelings, experiences, and events in the novel. After a comprehensive examination, the study found that women during the Dutch occupation in Java were denied their rights, freedom, and opportunities crucial to their social integration; they had to live their lives according to the interests of the ruling classes, i.e., the men and the white Europeans. Various forms of resistance, ranging from the lowest opposition mode to open rebellions, have been articulated as a response to the said social exclusion. In this sense, the novel exposes a female character that can take on a new form of existence. The insights gained from this study might be of assistance to confirm the awakening of women's conscious­ness in struggling against the oppressive power of sexism and racism in early twentieth century Java

An Analysis of Pakistan’s Poverty Problem from an Islamic Perspective

Poverty is a widespread problem that particularly afflicts developing countries. A number of studies, such as Naseem (1973, 1977); Allaudin (1975); Mujahid (1978); Irfan and Amjad (1984); Cheema (1985); Malik (1988); Ercelawn (1990); Ahmad and Ludlow (1989); Havinga et al. (1990, 1990a); Malik (1992, 1994); Zaidi and de Vos (1993); Malik and Shirazi (1994); and Gazdar et al. (1994), have analysed the phenomena of poverty in Pakistan. Some of these studies are based on arbitrarily chosen poverty-lines, and others are based on poverty-lines determined on the basis of nutritional requirements or basic needs of human beings. The incidence of poverty is greatly influenced by the poverty-line used for a particular study. Therefore, the way a poverty-line is defined is of great significance in determining the incidence of poverty. In Islamic literature, certain limits for poverty and prosperity have been prescribed. Fuqaha like Imam Abu Yousuf consider a person prosperous if he owns wealth equivalent to or more than the amount of Nisab. A person is considered to be poor if he owns wealth less than the amount of Nisab.1 Nisab for gold was equal to 20 Miskals and Nisab for silver was 200 dirhams, which were equivalent to 140 Miskals in weight.