COVID-19 and Prophylactic Measures for HIV Children of Ratodero, Larkana

Ratodero is Taluka of population 224,000 in the district Larkana of Sindh, Pakistan. In the HIV outbreak (2019), 1132 HIV patients were reported in the Ratodero, amongst them, 901 (80%) were children, and the majority (735) below the age of 5 years.1 Larkana district is included among the cities where eight (8) COVID-19 carrier pilgrims from Iran were first confirmed as virus positive.2 Followed by community transmission in the area with the confirmation of the virus in the two individuals.3 There was reported shortage of the personnel protection equipment (PPEs) for the Medical Professional engaged in the tests of the COVID-19 as well as the shortage of Kits, so less number of COVID-19 tests were conducted, therefore the actual number of COVID-19 positive can abruptly raise with the availability of Kits and PPEs.4 There is a complete lockdown in the area since last week of March 2020. There is one medical University with an affiliated hospital. Collaborative efforts of the University teaching hospital and the district administration have constituted a team of experts for necessary actions to combat with expected Corona-19 outbreak. In such circumstances of the existence of HIV in Ratodero as an alarm of threats for another health risk for the poor HIV children of Ratodero Larkana. Dated 09 April 2020. there was a random selection of 20 such HIV children of Ratodero below the age 5,  to have look on their physical health and to confirm the quantity/availability of ART (antiretroviral treatment) at their home. It was found that 30% of children were found physically weak. The confirmed average availability of remaining ART drugs was found available for use in the next 14 days. Generally, the children are the population of developing immunity (vulnerable age group) hence there can be increased risk if Co-Infection of COVID-19 if hits the Ratodero Taluika. Therefore the District of Larkana in general but the Taluka Ratodero, in particular, need special attention from the health administration. Following preventive measures can be useful to prevent the spread of COVID-19 among the HIV children of Ratodero, Larkana. Better compliance of prophylactic SOPs verses COVID-19 through proper surveillance at the rural level in Ratodero. Availability of Rashan on priority for the families of registered HIV children of Ratodero, taking into account the inclusion of all requirements of good nutrients in the daily intake. COVID-19 screening of registered HIV children. HIV Screening of any COVID-19 career of Ratodero if the individual is not amongst already registered HIV patients. Establishment of a dedicated isolation ward in case of Co-Infection in these children along with the provision of special care to prevent the onset of COVID-19 symptoms in these patients. Advance Supply of 03 to 06 month ART at home as per instructions of the World Health Organization (WHO) for such HIV patients.

Parenting Style and Anti-social Behavior: An Exploratory Study of Secondary School Students

The primal objective of present study was to investigate the relationship of parenting style with secondary school students’ antisocial behaviour. Population of the study consisted of all students enrolled in public secondary schools of the Sahiwal division. Random sampling technique was employed for sample selection. Researchers selected all three districts of Sahiwal division i.e. Pakpattan, Okara and Sahiwal. Eight schools from each district were randomly selected as sample of the study. Data were collected from 190 male (95 urban and 95 rural) and 200 female (100 urban and 100 rural) students by using two questionnaires viz.  Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and Sub-Types of Antisocial Behaviour (STAB). Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Pearson r was run to analyze the data. It was inferred from  analysis that majority of public secondary schools students perceive fathers’ parenting style to be authoritarian and mothers’ to be authoritative. No significant correlation was found between authoritative parenting style and students’ antisocial behaviour. Authoritarian as well as permissive parenting styles were significantly correlated with students’ antisocial behaviour. To conclude, both authoritarian and permissive parenting styles are the major contributors to lead students towards antisocial behaviour. It is recommended that parents should employ authoritative parenting style in rearing their childre

Parenting Style and Anti-social Behavior: An Exploratory Study of Secondary School Students

The primal objective of present study was to investigate the relationship of parenting style with secondary school students’ antisocial behaviour. Population of the study consisted of all students enrolled in public secondary schools of the Sahiwal division. Random sampling technique was employed for sample selection. Researchers selected all three districts of Sahiwal division i.e. Pakpattan, Okara and Sahiwal. Eight schools from each district were randomly selected as sample of the study. Data were collected from 190 male (95 urban and 95 rural) and 200 female (100 urban and 100 rural) students by using two questionnaires viz.  Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and Sub-Types of Antisocial Behaviour (STAB). Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Pearson r was run to analyze the data. It was inferred from  analysis that majority of public secondary schools students perceive fathers’ parenting style to be authoritarian and mothers’ to be authoritative. No significant correlation was found between authoritative parenting style and students’ antisocial behaviour. Authoritarian as well as permissive parenting styles were significantly correlated with students’ antisocial behaviour. To conclude, both authoritarian and permissive parenting styles are the major contributors to lead students towards antisocial behaviour. It is recommended that parents should employ authoritative parenting style in rearing their childre

Vehicle Speed Estimation Using Gaussian Mixture Model and Kalman Filter

Many countries use traffic enforcement camera to monitor the speed limit and capture over speed violations. The main objective of such a system is to enforce the speed limits which results in the reduction of number of accidents, fatalities, and serious injuries. Traditionally, the task is carried out manually by the enforcement agencies with the help of specialized hardware such as radar and camera. To automate the process, an efficient and robust solution is needed. Vehicle detection, tracking and speed estimation are the main tasks in an automated system which are not trivial. In this paper, we address the problem of vehicle detection, tracking, and speed estimation using a single fixed camera. A background subtraction method based on the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is employed to detect vehicles because of its capability in dealing with complex backgrounds and variations in the appearance due to illumination and scale. Next, the detected vehicles are tracked in each frame by using the Kalman Filter. Finally, an estimate the speed of each vehicle is determined by using the perspective geometry model. The complete system is tested at our university campus and the results are promising

Adult laryngeal haemangioma; a rare entity

Laryngeal haemangioma is commonly seen in children. Adult laryngeal haemangiomas are rare and usually involve the supraglottic region. Most common symptom includes dysphagia, dysphonia and shortness of breath. Detailed history, fiberoptic laryngoscopy and computerized scanning may suggest benign nature of the lesion but diagnosis is only confirmed by a biopsy. In comparison to infantile haemangiomas which usually respond to propronolol, the treatment of adult laryngeal haemangiomas is always surgical removal. We present a case report of a supraglottic haemangioma in an adult male, who was treated surgically without any complications

Terrace Soil Suitability for Highway Construction: Case Study in Lesser Himalaya (CPEC Project E-35), North Pakistan

In this study, terrace soil investigation was carried out in project E-35 (phase-I) China-Pak Economic Corridor, Lesser Himalayas, North Pakistan. The methodology in current research is based on tests that include sieve analysis, plastic index, proctor, California Bearing Ratio, Los Angeles, sand equivalent and specific gravity. The results of these tests for different layers were compared with AASHTO and NHA specifications. The results show that the embankment, subgrade and subbase layers were composed of silt, sand and gravel, respectively while the aggregate base coarse was composed of sand, aggregate and less amount of fine clay material. The sieve analysis test shows that soil and aggregate base coarse has less clay with high silt, sandy material and index plastic to low plastic, which is appropriate for the construction. The California Bearing Ratio shows that the soil and aggregate base coarse have high load-bearing capacity. The Los Angeles abrasion reveal that the sub base and aggregate base coarse are resistive. The sand equivalent shows that aggregate base coarse has high sand material. The specific gravity illustrates that aggregate base coarse material is denser. The current study shows that terrace soil is suitable for the construction of the road in project E-35 (phase-I) China-Pak Economic Corridor

The Perceptions of Library Professionals Towards Technological Trends in Public Sector Universities of Pakistan

Abstract Purpose: This study explores the perceptions of Library professionals towards the technological trends used in the Public Sector Universities of Pakistan. Methodology/Approach: The quantitative research method was adopted while using a questionnaire as a data collection tool. A total of 106 questionnaires were distributed among the Head librarians working in the public Sector Universities of Pakistan. All questionnaires were sent through emails except a few which has been sent through post. Some 73 surveys were received back, and all were found usable. The overall response rate of the study was 68.4% percent; a bit low due to the COVID-19 epidemic 2020. Findings/Data Analysis: The collected quantitative data was entered in SPSS after coding. The analysis was done, and the inferences were drawn for recommendations. The major findings were disclosed Conclusions: Results concluded that respondents’ very high and high skills were; Word Processing, Spreadsheet, Electronic presentation skill, E-communication (E-mail, SMS, GSM etc.), Social Networking, Database (HEC databases, Library databases etc.), and Downloading Software from the Web and Installing Software skills. Similarly, males were more skilled than females. Furthermore, it was very encouraging that a majority of the study participants working in the Public Sector Universities of Pakistan had been practicing advanced technology since last 15 years. The results from this study can be used by authorities to enhance the prevailing technological situations in libraries. Moreover, the skills of the library professionals can also be improved for better and effective use of the latest technologies in Universities libraries in order to uplift the standards and quality of higher education in the country. Hence, they will perform better than the past. This data can also be used as a base for the future researc

Combining Ability and Heteroses Analysis for Seed Yield and Yield Components in Brassica napus L.

Line × tester analysis of three testers and five lines of Brassica napus L. were used to estimate combining ability and heterosis of plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant. Significant mean squares of treatments for yield components and seed yield indicated significant genetic variations among the genotypes including parents and their crosses. Parents Vs crosses mean square indicated, average heterosis was significant for all the traits except plant height. Line × tester mean square was significant for all the traits. High GCA to SCA ratio; indicated the prime importance of additive genetic effects for all traits except seed yield per plant. Significant positive general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were observed. Most of the crosses had significant positive over better parent heterosis of seed yield, indicating that these hybrids were suitable candidates for improving these traits using combination method. Key words: Combining ability, Heteroses, Line × Tester, Brassica napus L