PRIORITAS PENGGUNAAN DANA DESA DALAM BIDANG PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA TEPIAN BATANG KECAMATAN TANAH GROGOT KABUPATEN PASER TAHUN 2020

Priority use of village funds is a choice of activities that take precedence and priority over other activity options to be financed with village funds. The use of village funds is a top priority to finance the implementation of programs and activities in the field of village development and village community empowerment. The emergence of Corona Virus Disease 19 (Covid – 19) resulted in changes in the priority of using village funds. The refocusing that occurred in the community empowerment sector must be diverted to handling Covid-19 and BLT. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method through a purposive sampling method. The primary data source in this research consists of key informants, namely the Secretary, while the informants are the village community. The data collection techniques are through observation and interviews, as well as through books or documentation. The refocusing that occurs in the field of community empowerment is not part of the allocation of funds because we can see that the needs of the community are very large, therefore the government not only takes funds from the field of community empowerment, but the village government also takes funds from the village development sector in large numbers. greater possibility of increasing the budget for this Refocusing policy. The research results show that the village funds that have been compiled in the 2020 RKPDes prioritize community empowerment and village development and must be changed with the presence of Covid-19, therefore the Ministry of Rural Affairs issued PDTT Ministerial Regulation Number 6 of 2020 which causes the priority use of village funds to decline. Refocusing priorities for disaster management/Covid-19 prevention activities and providing BLT (direct cash assistance) funds to village communities using the Village Fund. The Tepian Batang village government in this research has carried out a refocusing or change in the use of village funds in the Tepian Batang village which has been running in accordance with the Minister of Village Regulation on using village funds, starting from transparency, accountability and right on target, but there are a few problems in implementing it

Foreign labour employment in construction project

Demands on labour force nowadays increased rapidly each year as the globalisation become a national core business, especially in construction sector. Construction sector provides all kind of national needs and Malaysia become a well developed country in the world. But there is an issue where the citizens have their own demand on choosing work which they refused to work as a construction labour. However, work in the construction sector is often stigmatized with 4D (dirty, dangerous, difficult, demeaning). Therefore, Malaysian construction sector had been pulling factor for foreign labour migration in this country. Nowadays, the foreign labour hold the major composition of labour on construction project. This study aim was to investigated the advantages and disadvantages of foreign labour in construction project. Parallel to this aim, this study set three (3) objectives; to identify common criteria of labour recruitment and selection among employer, to identify the advantages of hiring foreign labours among employer, and to identify the negative impact of foreign labour to our country, Malaysia. The method that been used to get the data for the objectives was questionnaires distribution method. The questionnaire consisted four (4) sections; details of the construction project, category of respondent, details of construction labours and likert scale questions. Then, the data been analysed using percentage and mean index method to reflected it with the objectives. From the analysis, the most strongly agreed criteria that made foreign labours as the majority in construction project was working experience in construction sector. Most of the employers strongly agreed that foreign labour were cost them lower compared to local labour. However, the employers also strongly agreed that the foreign labour brought negative impacts such as contamination to local culture, increased social problems and increased job competitions to local people

Restricted maximum-likelihood method for learning latent variance components in gene expression data with known and unknown confounders

Random effect models are popular statistical models for detecting and correcting spurious sample correlations due to hidden confounders in genome-wide gene expression data. In applications where some confounding factors are known, estimating simultaneously the contribution of known and latent variance components in random effect models is a challenge that has so far relied on numerical gradient-based optimizers to maximize the likelihood function. This is unsatisfactory because the resulting solution is poorly characterized and the efficiency of the method may be suboptimal. Here we prove analytically that maximum-likelihood latent variables can always be chosen orthogonal to the known confounding factors, in other words, that maximum-likelihood latent variables explain sample covariances not already explained by known factors. Based on this result we propose a restricted maximum-likelihood method which estimates the latent variables by maximizing the likelihood on the restricted subspace orthogonal to the known confounding factors, and show that this reduces to probabilistic PCA on that subspace. The method then estimates the variance-covariance parameters by maximizing the remaining terms in the likelihood function given the latent variables, using a newly derived analytic solution for this problem. Compared to gradient-based optimizers, our method attains greater or equal likelihood values, can be computed using standard matrix operations, results in latent factors that don't overlap with any known factors, and has a runtime reduced by several orders of magnitude. Hence the restricted maximum-likelihood method facilitates the application of random effect modelling strategies for learning latent variance components to much larger gene expression datasets than possible with current methods.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, 3 supplementary figures, 19 pages supplementary methods; minor revision with expanded Discussion sectio

Residual Stress Measurements via X-ray Diffraction

The project was carried out to study the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique for residual stress measurement. This project used mild steel as the material for study. An annealed sample of mild steel was used as the reference. Residual stresses were then introduced to the samples by mechanical means via cold-working and by thermal process through welding. The cold-worked sample was prepared by cold-rolling the mild steel plate in the roll machine. For the welded sample, two mild steel plates were welded together in a butt joint

Implementasi Algoritma Sequential dan Welch Powell pada pewarnaan graf (studi kasus pewarnaan peta kota Makassar)

The aim of this research is how to implement Sequential algorithm and Welch Powell algorithm on graph coloring, especially on Makassar city map coloring. The research method used was a case study aimed at searching information in the form of a map of Makassar city. The first step is to take a colored map of Makassar city at the Dinas tata ruang kota makassar, then redraw it with the help of Corel Draw X7 software, so there are no colors. The next step is to represent the map in graph form by taking the region (sub-district) as a node and then doing graph coloring using Sequential algorithm and Welch Powell algorithm. The results of coloring the Makassar city map using Sequential algorithm and Welch Powell algorithm, both produce chromatic numbers χ (G) = 4 or the number of colors produced to color a graph there are 4 colors. The colors used are red, yellow, green and blue. Then from the results of coloring this graph can easily be applied to color the map of the city of Makassar based on the coloring requirements obtained. Because it has the same chromatic numbers, it can be concluded that the Sequential algorithm is no better than the Welch Powell algorithm, or vice versa the Welch Powell algorithm is no better than the Sequential algorithm for the case of coloring the Makassar city map. The previous Makassar city map coloring or without the algorithm, produces chromatic numbers χ (G) = 12 or the number of colors produced to color a graph there are 12 colors. So that the two algorithms are much better at coloring than the previous Makassar city map coloring or without the algorithm &nbsp

Distributed Beamforming with Wirelessly Powered Relay Nodes

This paper studies a system where a set of $N$ relay nodes harvest energy from the signal received from a source to later utilize it when forwarding the source's data to a destination node via distributed beamforming. To this end, we derive (approximate) analytical expressions for the mean SNR at destination node when relays employ: i) time-switching based energy harvesting policy, ii) power-splitting based energy harvesting policy. The obtained results facilitate the study of the interplay between the energy harvesting parameters and the synchronization error, and their combined impact on mean SNR. Simulation results indicate that i) the derived approximate expressions are very accurate even for small $N$ (e.g., $N=15$), ii) time-switching policy by the relays outperforms power-splitting policy by at least $3$ dB.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted for presentation at IEEE VTC 2017 Spring conferenc

Tourism Sector Village Development Sebuah Kajian Pustaka Terstruktur (Systematic Literature Review)

Penelitian memiliki tujuan untuk dapat menggali pemahaman tetntang perencanaan pembangunan di wilayah perdesaan secara berkelanjutan dengan menggunakan metode Literature Review yaitu dengan membaca dan menggali kembali pokok-pokok pikiran mengenai tema yang sama untuk dapat menambahkan ide baru serta pendapat penulis mengenai topik yang akan diangkat. Kemudian dengan digunakannya review paper pada penelitian ini yang berbasis literature review penulis juga dapat melihat sisi kekurangan dari penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya sehingga dengan hal ini penulis dapat melakukan perbaikan dan perumusan yang lebih teratur. Selanjutnya ada beberapa hal yang sangat perlu dilakukan sebelum melakukan review artikel suatu jurnal, diantaranya yaitu: Mencari jurnal yang memang sesuai dengan topik yang akan diangkat oleh peneliti, Membaca dengan teliti dan memahami keseluruhan isi dari jurnal, dan peneliti perlu mencoba untuk menuliskan kembali dengan pemahaman dan ide penulisan sendiri sehingga dapat mudah dipahami oleh peneliti dan yang membaca hasil dari tulisan. Berdasarkan dari penjelasan yang sudah peneliti jelaskan sebelumnya dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa mereview jurnal adalah tulisan yang berisi tentang ringkasan-ringkasan penelitian ilmiah terhadap topik-topik tertentu. Sehingga hal ini tentu saja bisa dapat dianggap sebagai suatu ringkasan atau juga evaluasi dari sebuah tulisan orang lain. Penelitian ini juga mengungkap bahwa di dalam sebuah proses perencanaan pembangunan pedesaan sangat perlu memiliki sebuah padoman terhadap dampak-dampak sebab akibat dari perencaaan pembagunan sehingga tidak menyebabkan terjadi permasalahan dalam proses pembangunanya dengan melihat pada dampak lingkungan yang nantinya akan diakibatkan dari pembangunan proyek apalagi di tingkatan desa. Dimana desa masih banyak yang memiliki karakteristik tradisional pada masyarakatnya dan di desa masih kental akan budayanya. Proses perencanaan pembangunan harus dapat memikirkan kebutuhan dan keuntungan masyarakat desa tanpa merusak ekosistem di desa dan memberikan efek yang baik kepada masyarakat terutama pada bidang perekonomi dan kesejahterannya. Adapaun keterbatasan pada penelitian ini yaitu contoh dari artikel yang diambil berbeda dengan kondisi yang ada di setiap negara sehingga hal ini sangat perlu adanya pemahaman yang kritis tentang sistem pemerintahan pada beberapa contoh artikel- artikel yang akan dijadikan sebagai rujukan selain itu juga sangat perlu adanya pertimbangan- pertimbangan khusus untuk menentukan persamaan serta -penemuan-penemuan baru dari artikel yang akan di jadikan bahan rujukan untuk dapat mengembangkan ide-ide baru sesuai dengan topik dan judul yang nantinya akan dipilih. Pada penelitian berikutnya sangat perlu memahami terlebih dahulu pokok-pokok yang sesuai dengan judul dan fokus pada penelitian dengan menyesuaikan pada hal-hal baru yang akan digali dan dicari sehingga dapat disesuaikan dengan judul yang di angkat